Objective To study the expression changes of placental insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ and Ⅱ (IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅰ) between pregnancies following the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and those conceived spontaneously.Methods The placenta were collected from 49 cases of pregnancies after IVF-ET(case group) and 49 cases of pregnancies who were normal (control group).The expressions of IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ mRNA in placenta were detected by reverse transcription-polymeras chain reaction (RT-PCR).The levels of IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ protein were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results The mRNA levels of the placental IGF-Ⅰ and IGF Ⅱ were 0.30 ±0.13 and 0.28 ±0.04 in the IVF-ET group,and 0.65 ±0.10 and 0.91 ±0.26 in the control group.The protein levels of the placental IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ were 0.26 ±0.04 and 0.29 ± 0.05 in the IVF-ET group,and 0.32 ± 0.07 and 0.34 ± 0.04 in the control group.The mRNA and protein expressions of IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ in human placenta were significantly decreased in IVF-ET group compared to control group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of low birth weight infant in IVF-ET group was significantly higher than control(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Expressions of placental IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ in the IVF-ET group did not affect fetal growth and development.

Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin ; metabolism ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lead ; toxicity ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Epiberberine, one of the most important isoquinoline alkaloid in Coptidis Rhizoma, possesses extensive pharmacological activities. In this paper, the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to study phase I and phase II metabolites. A Thermo HPLC system (including Surveyor AS, Surveyor LC Pump, Surveyor PDA. USA) was used. The cocktail probe drugs method was imposed to determine the content change of metoprolol, dapsone, phenacetin, chlorzoxazone and tolbutamide simultaneously for evaluating the activity of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9 under different concentrations of epiberberine in rat liver microsomes. The result showed that epiberberine may have phase I and phase II metabolism in the rat liver and two metabolites in phase I and three metabolites in phase II are identified in the temperature incubation system of in vitro liver microsomes. Epiberberine showed significant inhibition on CYP2D6 with IC50 value of 35.22 μmol L(-1), but had no obvious inhibiting effect on the activities of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9. The results indicated that epiberberine may be caused drug interactions based on CYP2D6 enzyme. This study aims to provide a reliable experimental basis for its further research and development of epiberberine.
Animals ; Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

To figure out the stability and intestinal bacteria metabolites of rats in vitro of astragaloside IV ( AST), this research was done to explore the stability of AST in the artificial gastric juice. artificial intestinal juice and rat liver homogenate and the metabolism in rat intestinal in vitro. HPLC was used to calculate the remaining rate of AST in biological samples by measuring the content of AST, while metabolites were determined by combining the methods of TLC, HPLC and LC-MS/MS. It turned out that AST was difficult to metabolize in the artificial gastric juice, artificial intestinal juice and rat liver. Also, the metabolic pathway of AST was stepped by deglycosylation. Firstly, AST was converted to its secondary etabolites (6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- cycloastragenol, CMG) by removal of xylose moiety at C-3, then transformed into cycloastragenol (CAG) after hydrolytic removal of the glucose moiety at C-6. All the results suggested that the metabolism of AST in vivo occurs mainly in the intestinal by hydrolysis of glycosyl. In conclusion, hydrolysis of intestinal flora is the main reason that AST metabolizes.
Animals ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Liver ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; metabolism

Objective To explore the surgical strategies of thoracic spinal stenosis with dural ossification. Methods One-hundred and eight patients with thoracic spinal stenosis were treated. Dural ossification was found in 29 cases during operation from January 2004 to June 2008. There were 19 males and 10females, with an average age of 56.4 years (42-74 years). The course of disease was 13 months (2-48months). The lesion was located in T1-T4 in 4 cases, T5-T8 in 5 cases, and T9-T12 in 20 cases. All the patients were treated by posterior lamina resection. Both ossificated dural and ossificated yellow ligament were resected in 16 patients. Decompression was performed with partial ossification remaining on dural surface in 13 cases. JOA score was used to evaluate the outcomes 1, 3 and 12 months after operation. Results The average operation time was 140 min, and average bleeding was 300 ml. Dural incisions were repaired with a wound drainage in 11 cases. Seven cases appeared cerebrospinal fluid leakage which healed in 3-5 days.Dural incisions were not repaired without wound drainage in 5 cases. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in these cases healed in 5-7 days. Thirteen cases treated with floating method did not appear cerebrospinal fluid leakage. All patients did not undergo subarachnoid infection and the aggravation of original nervous system symptoms. According to JOA score, all patients were evaluated as excellent in 22 cases, good in 5 and fair in 2 cases, and excellent and good rate was 93%. Conclusion For thoracic spinal stenosis with dural ossification, resection of both ossificated dural and ossificated yellow ligament and complete decompression with partial ossification remaining on dural surface is safe and reliable. Dural ossification does not influence the prognosis, but increase operative difficulty and risk.

Objective To study the clinical features and surgical strategies of thoracic spinal stenosis caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL).Methods From January 2004 to March 2009,21 cases of thoracic spinal stenosis casued by OPLL,including 13 males and 8 females,received surgical treatments.Those cases aged from 34 to 71 years,with an average of 51.2 years old.The courses of disease were from 2 to 50 months,averaged 11 months.The lesions located in upper thoracic(T1-T4)for 4 cases,in middle thoracic(T5-T8)for 7 cases,in lower thoracic(T9-T12)for 10 cases.Nine cases were associated with ossification of ligamentum flavum(OLF),and 8 cases combined with cervical OPLL.Eleven cases received laminectomy and 10 cases received anterolateral decompression.Results The operation time was 90 to 240 min for posterior laminectomy with an average of 140 min,and 110 to 360 min for anterolateral decompression with an average of 240 min.All cases had no worse postoperative symptoms,neurological complications,subarachnoid cavity or wound infection.Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score was 8 to 15 with an average of 9.17±1.63 in 6 months after surgery.Nerve function improvement was excellent for 8 cases,good for 6 cases,fair for 5 cases and poor for 2 cases.The excellent and good rate was 66.7%.JOA score was 8-15,averaged 10.23±1.64,in 12 months after surgery.Nerve function improvement was excellent for 8 cases,good for 7 cases,fair for 4 cases,and poor for 2 cases.The excellent and good rate was 71.4%.Conclusion Thoracic spinal stenosis result from OPLL,which often combine with cervical OPLL and OLF,often show multiple manifestations.Posterior laminectomy and anterolateral decompression are suitable for those conditions.

The article introduces a new method for three-dimensional reproduction of edentulous dental casts, and wax occlusion rims with jaw relation by using a commercial high-speed line laser scanner and reverse engineering software and evaluates the method's accuracy in vitro. The method comprises three main steps: (i) acquisition of the three-dimensional stereolithography data of maxillary and mandibular edentulous dental casts and wax occlusion rims; (ii) acquisition of the three-dimensional stereolithography data of jaw relations; and (iii) registration of these data with the reverse engineering software and completing reconstruction. To evaluate the accuracy of this method, dental casts and wax occlusion rims of 10 edentulous patients were used. The lengths of eight lines between common anatomic landmarks were measured directly on the casts and occlusion rims by using a vernier caliper and on the three-dimensional computerized images by using the software measurement tool. The direct data were considered as the true values. The paired-samples t-test was used for statistical analysis. The mean differences between the direct and the computerized measurements were mostly less than 0.04 mm and were not significant (P>0.05). Statistical significance among 10 patients was assessed using one-way analysis of variance (P<0.05). The result showed that the 10 patients were considered statistically no significant. Therefore, accurate three-dimensional reproduction of the edentulous dental casts, wax occlusion rims, and jaw relations was achieved. The proposed method enables the visualization of occlusion from different views and would help to meet the demand for the computer-aided design of removable complete dentures.
Analysis of Variance ; Computer-Aided Design ; Dental Models ; Denture Design ; Denture, Complete ; Dimensional Measurement Accuracy ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Jaw Relation Record ; Lasers ; Mouth, Edentulous ; rehabilitation ; Waxes

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the relationship between mortality and HBVDNA and HBeAg expression of severe hepatitis B patients.

METHODSThe mortality rates of different types of severe hepatitis patients in our hospital during the last five years were analysed. HBV DNA was detected using the fluorescence quantitative PCR method and the HBeAg expression of severe hepatitis B was studied using a microparticle method.

RESULTS(1) Hepatitis B morbidity was 83.5% in each type of severe hepatitis, and severe chronic hepatitis B morbidity was 96.77% in each type of severe chronic hepatitis. (2) The mortality rate of those with HBV DNA more than 1 x 10(5) copies/ml was 53.25% and the mortality of those with HBV DNA less than 1 x 10(5) copies/ml was 34.50% (P less than 0.01). The HBeAg expression had no influence on the death rate. (3) The death rate descended to 30.38% from 54.64% (HBV DNA more than 1 x 10(5) copies/ml) when treated with Lamivudine (P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn severe hepatitis the quantity of virus carried in the patient is one of the key factors of mortality; antivirus treatment can lower mortality.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; diagnosis ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Viral Load ; Young Adult

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; immunology ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the potential protective effect of melatonin on the oxidative damage induced by deltamethrin in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of rats.

METHODS35 male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups(seven rats per group): olive oil control, deltamethrin-treated (12.5 mg/kg), melatonin(25.0 mg/kg) and deltamethrin plus melatonin (25.0 mg/kg , 2.5 mg/kg respectively) group. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were determined after 5 days of DM treatments.

RESULTSMDA content in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum tissue of the DM-treated rats were significantly higher than those in control group, and compared with DM-treated group, MDA content in those tissue of MT + DM-treated group have significantly decreased after 5 days of DM exposure (P < 0.05). Activities of GSH-Px in DM-treated group were significantly lower than those in control group, and those in the MT + DM group were significantly higher than DM group(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDM can induce the oxidative damage in rat brain and melatonin has protective effects on deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage in hippocampus, cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rats.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cerebellum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Nitriles ; toxicity ; Oxidative Stress ; Pyrethrins ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism