China ; Consumer Product Safety ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Food ; Legislation, Food ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Assessment

OBJECTIVETo study the cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of Dragon's blood for improving the drug solubility and the preparation.

METHODThe inclusion complexes were prepared with beta-cyclodextrin, HP-beta-cyclodextrin, SBE-beta-cyclodextrin and confirmed by DTA. The activity of the inclusion complex was tested by animal experiments. Inclusion complexes tablets were prepared and the dissolution test was performed.

RESULTThe solubility of inclusion complexes was increased to 13. 75-168. 39 times. The activity of the inclusion complex was markedly improved, and dissolution rate was 78.69%.

CONCLUSIONThe cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of Dragon's blood have a good solubility, dissolution rate and pharmacological activity.

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Cyclodextrins ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Tablets ; chemistry ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

This study was aimed to search for effective cryoprotectants and freezing methods used in cord blood bank (CBB) for cryopreservation of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. The non-programmed group using 8% final concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 5% final concentration hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (molecular weight 120,000) as protectants and group of conventional of programmed controller method using 10% DMSO only as cryoprotectant in cryopreservation of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells were compared. In each of the two groups, 15 cord blood units were used. In non-programmed group, cord blood units put in -80 degrees C refrigerator for 24 hours as a transitional step before deep-freezing in liquid nitrogen, when both of DMSO and HES had been added. The recoveries of the nuclear cells number, the yield of granulocyto-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM) and the cells viability in cord blood units before preservation and after thawing were tested for both methods. The results showed that no significant difference was found in above assays between two groups. The clinical application results also showed that hematopoietic engraftment rates after infusion were similar in both groups. It is concluded that the non-programmed method by -80 degrees C refrigerator as a transitional step and using the combined two protectants seems simple in operation and effective in clinical transplantation as well as the conventional programmed method.
Cryopreservation ; Cryoprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; pharmacology ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo establish the basis for Chinese dietary exposure assessment database by classifying and coding the data from the national dietary survey and pollutant surveillance.

METHODSThe method, which combined CODEX food classifying and coding of Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) with Chinese food classification of food composition table, was applied to classify and code the data of 1 810 703 Chinese dietary consumption and 487 819 pollutant surveillance. The coding system was according to the first two letters of the respective food group that represent the type or source of foods, the last four digits represent the serial number of the food in the CAC food classification. If the foods can be found in CAC food code system, its original food code is used. The new codes corresponding with the foods which are not exist in CAC food code system, is added according to CAC coding methods.

RESULTSDietary consumption data were divided into 6 major categories, 19 types, 75 groups, the agricultural products of pollutant surveillance corresponding to 499 codes. Comparing with CAC food coding system, Chinese dietary consumption data have added F (candy snacks) and G (beverages) 2 major categories, 4 types, 33 groups, 302 new codes. The additional groups most were the processing food groups with Chinese characteristics, such as canned, beverages, candy, meat products.

CONCLUSIONThe foundation of data communication to dietary exposure assessment has been established, and the connection of Chinese food classifying and coding with CAC data have been achieved.

China ; Consumer Product Safety ; Databases, Factual ; Diet ; classification ; statistics & numerical data ; Diet Surveys ; Humans ; Vocabulary, Controlled

BACKGROUNDArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death. Recent studies have shown that ARVC, which is an inheritable genetic change, results from mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins. Plakophilin-2 is an important component of the desmosome. Because the full range of genetic variations related to ARVC is unknown and no related studies of the Chinese population have been reported, we aimed to investigate the genetic variation of plakophilin-2 in ARVC patients from the Southern Region of China.

METHODSGenomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples of all 34 ARVC patients, who were screened through a clinical evaluation. They were used to detect variations in the sequences of the plakophilin-2 genes by polymerase chain reaction amplification in combination with direct sequencing.

RESULTSIn exon-1 of the plakophilin-2 gene, a deletion mutation (c.145_148 del GACA) was found in one family pedigree. The mutation was also found in exon-2, 4, and 11 of the plakophilin-2 gene. The QT interval dispersion of the ECG was considerably longer in the mutation group than in the non-mutation group of ARVC patients, and this result was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWe discovered a plakophilin-2 mutation that prolongs the QT interval dispersion in the southern Chinese ARVC population.

Adult ; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Child ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Plakophilins ; genetics

This study was aimed to investigate the occurrence and clinical significance of the SET-NUP214 fusion gene in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), analyse clinical and biological characteristics in this disease. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of SET-NUP214 fusion gene in 58 T-ALL cases. Interphase FISH and Array-CGH were used to detect the deletion of 9q34. Direct sequencing was applied to detect mutations of PHF6 and NOTCH1. The results showed that 6 out of 58 T-ALL cases (10.3%) were detected to have the SET-NUP214 fusion gene by RT-PCR. Besides T-lineage antigens, expression of CD13 and(or) CD33 were detected in all the 6 cases. Deletions of 9q34 were detected in 4 out of the 6 patients by FISH. Array-CGH results of 3 SET-NUP214 positive T-ALL patients confirmed that this fusion gene was resulted from a cryptic deletion of 9q34.11q34.13. PHF6 and NOTCH1 gene mutations were found in 4 and 5 out of 6 SET-NUP214 positive T-ALL patients, respectively. It is concluded that SET-NUP214 fusion gene is often resulted from del(9)(q34). PHF6 and NOTCH1 mutations may be potential leukemogenic event in SET-NUP214 fusion gene.
Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Histone Chaperones ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins ; genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Receptor, Notch1 ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo determine the contamination condition of Salmonella in broiler breeding and slaughter processing in China and to investigate the distribution of antimicrobial resistance profiles.

METHODSFive large-scale broiler holdings and fourteen slaughterhouses were chosen to detect Salmonella in Henan, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Shandong provinces in 2010. A total of 835 anal swabs and 744 chicken carcasses were sampled to compare the difference of Salmonella contamination rate.Salmonella isolates were identified by serotyping according to Kauffmann-White scheme.The antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella isolates were determined by broth microdilution method and sixteen antimicrobial agents were chosen and examined.

RESULTSIn total, Salmonella isolates were recovered in 56 (6.7%) specimens among 835 collected anal swabs and 122 (16.4%) specimens among 744 broiler carcasses. Positive rate of Salmonella in broiler carcasses was higher than anal swabs (χ(2) = 36.94, P < 0.05). The dominant Salmonella serovars isolated from broiler anal swabs were S.enterica serovar Indiana and S.enterica serovar Enteritidis, accounting for 58.9% (33/56) and 32.1% (18/56) respectively. The prevalent serovars in broiler carcasses were also the two serovars and occupied 29.8% (37/124), 32.2% (40/124) respectively. Nearly 95.0% (171/180) Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, 78.3% (141/180) Salmonella strains were multi-drug resistant isolates and 20 (11.1%) Salmonella isolates were resistant to 14 antimicrobials.

CONCLUSIONOur findings indicated that Salmonella contamination was common and serious in commercial broiler production and processing course in China. Salmonella contamination rate in broiler slaughter processing performance was higher than broiler flocks. Additionally, antibiotic resistance of Salmonella was in serious situation.

Animals ; Chickens ; microbiology ; China ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Food Contamination ; Meat-Packing Industry ; Salmonella ; classification ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Serotyping

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalences of overweight and obesity in the rural communities in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province.

METHODSA total of 3030 residents in the rural areas of Hanzhong city were selected by stratified random sampling method to take questionnaire-based survey and physical examinations.

RESULTSThe data of 3017 valid subjects (1048 men and 1969 women) entered the final analysis. The average body mass index was (22.9±4.2) kg/m(2) [(23.0±5.5) kg/m(2) in men and (22.9±3.2) kg/m(2) in women]. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 27.9% and 5.9% respectively, and the standardized rates were 23.4% and 5.4%, respectively. More specifically, prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 28.3% and 6.1% in men (standardized rates were 24.7% and 7.5%, respectively) and 27.6% and 5.8% (standardized rate were 22.8% and 4.5% respectively) in women. The overweight/obesity was more often in young and mid-aged married men with higher education and socioeconomic status and in middle-aged and older women with less education from wealthier households.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalences of overweight and obesity are relatively high in the rural areas of Hanzhong, and therefore effective interventions are warranted.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data

BACKGROUNDPulmonary fungal infection is one type of the common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. The disease is hard to diagnose because of its complicated imaging features. The objective of this study was to investigate the imaging performance characteristics of pulmonary fungal infection in AIDS patients.

METHODSFifty-one patients with AIDS complicated with pulmonary fungal infection and 56 patients of non-AIDS with pulmonary fungal infection were examined by CT scans and high-resolution CT scans. The contrast enhanced scans were performed in patients with the mass or suspected enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Results were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe most common fungal infection in the two groups of patients was Candida albicans. The infection rates were 54.8% (28 cases) in the group (AIDS patients with pulmonary fungal infection) and 58.3% (32 cases) in another group (non-AIDS patients with pulmonary fungal infection). In the two groups, the difference in diffuse distribution and the difference in incidence of affected upper and lower lobes in the bilateral lung fields were statistically significant. The differences in patchy or large consolidation shadow, cavitas, enlarged lymph nodes in mediastinum and pleural effusion were also significant when comparing the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe lesion in most of AIDS patients with pulmonary fungal infection tends to exhibit diffuse distribution, patchy or large consolidation shadow covering a more extensive region. The differences between AIDS with pulmonary fungal infection and non-AIDS with pulmonary fungal infection are statistically significant in lesion location and complicated imaging features. The most common fungal infection in AIDS patients is Candida albicans.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Candidiasis ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo establish and characterize a novel human myeloid leukemia cell line SH-2.

METHODSBone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) isolated from a AML-M2 patient, who failed to obtain complete remission after chemotherapy and allogenic bone marrow transplantation were passed in a long term IMDM culture medium supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum. Stromal cells were retained and rh-IL-3 was added in the culture system. A new human myeloid leukemia cell line SH-2 was successfully established with a cytogenetic characteristics of a loss of Y chromosome (-Y), a derivative chromosome 16 resulting from unbalanced translocation between chromosome 16 and 17, monosome 17, trisomy 19 and p53 alteration. Various methods were employed to characterize SH-2 cell line.

RESULTSSH-2 cells has been maintained without cytokine and stromal cells for more than 3 years without EB virus and mycoplasma contamination. SH-2 cells had the basically same morphological, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features as the patient's leukemia cells did, such as myeloid morphology, an immunophenotype of CD13+, CD33+, CD56+, CD16/56+ and a hypodiploid karyotype of 45, X, -Y, der(16)t(16;17)(q24;ql2), -17, +19, which were gradually decreased and replaced by the near-tetraploid cells with a karyotype of 73-102(80), XX, -Y, -Y, del (q131)x2, der(16)t(16;17)(q24;q12)x2, -17, -17, +19, +19. FISH and multiple FISH delineated all the abnormalities and revealed a loss of one p53 allele due to monosomy 17. DNA direct sequencing detected a point mutation of CAG to CAT at codon 576 of exon 5 in another p53 allele. RT-PCR showed that SH-2 cells expressed apoptosis-related genes (bcl-2, Fas, GST-pi and p2) rather than MDR-related genes. Short tandem repeat PCR provided powerful evidence for the derivation of SH-2 cell line from the patient's leukemia cells. SH-2 cells had certain colony formation and tumorigenic capacities in nude and SCID mice.

CONCLUSIONSH-2 is a new myeloid leukemia cell line with a unique biology background, and will provide a useful tool for leukemia research.

Adult ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Separation ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; immunology ; pathology ; Male