Objective To study the effect of physical activities and dietary intervention on metabolic syndrome (MS) in primary school students.Methods Either one-year physical activities (PA) or dietary intervention was conducted in Grade 1-5 children from eight primary schools in Haidian district,Beijing.A ‘happy 10 minutes' program was held in the PA group,while the dietary group receiving nutrition lectures.Baseline and post-intervention data on height,weight,waist circumference,serum lipids,glucose,and blood pressure were collected.Results The prevalence of MS at baseline was 9.0％.After intervention programs were carried out,improvements on triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,fasting blood glucose,diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference in the dietary group or PA group were seen,with the dietary group showed better effects than the PA group.The prevalence of MS decreased from 10.4％ to 4.6％ in the dietary group with statistically significant difference,while it increased in both the PA group and the control group.Girls showed better effects in the dietary group.Older students showed better effects than the younger students in the PA group.In non-overweight and overweight students of the dietary intervention group,the MS related components were significantly improved.Conclusion The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was relatively high in the primary school students in Beijing.Education on nutrition could reduce the prevalence and improve the related components,which seemed to be more effective than in the PA intervention.Sex,age and nutritional status were the confounding factors for intervention programs.

Objective To reduce the cancer burden in the Jinchang cohort and provide evidence for developing cancer prevention strategies and performing effectiveness evaluation in the Jinchang cohort.We are fitting thirteen years of cancer mortality data from the Jinchang cohort by using six kinds of predicting methods to compare relative fitness and to select good predicting methods for the prediction of cancer mortality trends.Methods The mortality data of cancer in Jinchnag cohort from 2001-2013 were fitted using six kinds of predicting methods:dynamic series,linear regression,exponential smoothing,autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model,grey model (GM),and Joinpoint regression.Weight coefficients of combination models were calculated by four methods:the arithmetic average method,the variance inverse method,the mean square error inverse method,and the simple weighted average method.Results The cancer mortality was fitted and compared by using six kinds of forecasting methods;the fitting precision of the Joinpoint linear regression had the highest accuracy (87.64％),followed by linear regression (87.32％),the dynamic series (86.99％),GM (1,1) (86.25％),exponential smoothing (85.72％) and ARIMA (1,0,0) (81.98％),respectively.Prediction accuracy of the combination model derived from GM (1,1) and linear regression (＞99％) was higher than that of the combination model derived from ARIMA (1,0,0) and GM (1,1).The combination model derived from the GM (1,1) and linear regression,with weight coefficients based on the arithmetic average method and the mean square error inverse method,had the best prediction effect of the four weight calculation methods.Conclusion Prediction accuracy of the combination model,with accuracy ＞95％,was higher than that of the single prediction methods.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects between felodipine plus irbesartan and felodipine plus metoprolol regimen on blood pressure and the sexual function in young and middle-aged hypertensive women.

METHODSIn this prospective, randomized, parallelized, controlled and fixed combined therapy trial, 99 female patients (aged 18 to 60) with grade 1 and grade 2 hypertension (BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg and < 179/109 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) were assigned to felodipine 5 mg q.d + irbesartan 150 mg q.d (F + I group, n = 49) and felodipine 5 mg q.d + metoprolol 47.5 mg q.d (F + M group, n = 50) group. Target blood pressure was < 140/90 mm Hg. The female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire, levels of serum estradiol and testosterone were assessed. Female sexual dysfunction was defined as a FSFI score of less than 25.5. Patients were followed up for 24 weeks.

RESULTSThe rate of achieving blood pressure goal between 2 groups was similar at the 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th weeks respectively (42.9% vs. 62.0% at 4th week, 89.8% vs. 90.0% at 8th week, 93.9% vs. 94.0% at 12th week, 98.0% vs. 96.0% at 24th week, P > 0.05). Compared to baseline, scores for the items related to "desire" and "arousal" were significantly improved (P < 0.05), the level of the serum estradiol was significantly elevated [(50.3 ± 37.4) pg/L vs. (54.4 ± 10.8) pg/L before menopause, (18.4 ± 2.9) pg/L vs. (20.2 ± 3.1)pg/L after menopause, P < 0.05] and the level of the serum testosterone was significantly decreased [(722.8 ± 277.1) ng/L vs. (650.0 ± 156.0) ng/L before menopause, (841.2 ± 279.3) ng/L vs. (761.9 ± 197.8) ng/L after menopause, P < 0.05] in the F + I group, while scores for the items related to "sexual desire" and "lubrication" were statistically reduced (P < 0.01), the concentration of the serum estradiol was significantly reduced [(57.4 ± 9.7) pg/L vs. (51.1 ± 12.1) pg/L before menopause, (19.8 ± 2.3) pg/L vs. (17.8 ± 3.3) pg/L after menopause, P < 0.01] and the level of the serum testosterone was significantly increased [(775.6 ± 217.8) ng/L vs. (886.0 ± 186.4) ng/L before menopause, (812.5 ± 311.3) ng/L vs. (914.4 ± 300.2) ng/L after menopause, P < 0.01] in the F + M group. FSFI score was negatively correlated with age and systolic blood pressure levels.

CONCLUSIONfelodipine plus irbesartan or metoprolol for 24 weeks equally reduced blood pressure and the former regimen is superior to the latter on sexual function improvement in this patient cohort.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Biphenyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Felodipine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Metoprolol ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; Tetrazoles ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the prevalence of vitiligo in China through a multi-center and larse-population epidemiological survey.Methods A community-based survey was conducted in 6 cities from 6 provinces.Cluster sampling method was used.Subjects were required to fulfill the self-report questionnaires and received physical examination by dermatologists.EpiData and SPSS11.5 were utilized for statistical analysis. Results Totally,19 974 patients participated in this study,and 17 345 valid questionnaires were retrieved with a return rate of 86.84%.Of them,122 were found to have vitiligo.The prevalence and standardized prevalence of vitiligo was 0.70% and 0.56% in all patients,0.95% (75) and 0.69% in male patients and 0.50% (47) and O.45% in female patients.respectively.A significant elevation was observed in the prevalence of vitiligo in males than in females (P<0.01).The prevalence of vitiligo was increased with age and peaked in patients aging from 60 to 69 years and those over 70 years.The age at onset of vitiligo varied from 0 to 19 years in 21.85% of these patients,from 20 to 49 years in 47.05%.The most connnon type was focal vitiligo,which accounted for 36.06%,while the rarest type wag segmental type (2.46%).The pesitivity rate of family history of vitiligo was 9.84% in patients and 1.31% in community population (P<0.01).About 31.97% of the patients complained of negative influence of vitiligo on quality of life.Conclusions The standardized prevalence of vitiligo is 0.56%in 6 provinces from China.Males seem to have a higher prevalence of vifiligo than females.

Objective:To evaluate changes in the estimate glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)with aging and the risk factors.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed based on people receiving physical examinations at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to January 2018.Subjects were divided into seven subgroups according to age: 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years old.eGFR was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPIScr)equation.Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between eGFR and the influencing variables.The chi-square test was used to compare the incidences of eGFR<60 ml·min -1·1.73m -2in different age groups. Results:A total of 33 824 participants were included in this study.There was a negative linear eGFR-age correlation in the subjects.The mean annual rate of decline in eGFR was 0.83 ml·min -1·1.73m -2.Furthermore, the decline was steady and accelerated from the third and seventh decade onward( F=9.51, 5.37, both P=0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that aging was the most prominent factor( β=-0.604, -0.534, both P=0.000), followed by serum uric acid(BUA)( β=-0.270, -0.280, both P=0.000), fasting blood-glucose(FBG)( β=-0.064, -0.046, both P=0.000), systolic blood pressure(SBP)( β=-0.015, -0.028, both P<0.05), and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)( β=-0.010, -0.026, both P<0.05). In non-elderly subjects, eGFR was found to have negative associations with body mass index(BMI)and albumin(ALB)( β=-0.028, -0.047, all P=0.000). However, in the elderly, eGFR was positively associated with ALB( β=0.022, P=0.031). eGFR showed no statistically significant correlation with BMI, TC and LDL-C.The prevalence of eGFR<60 ml·min -1·1.73m -2increased with age, at 1.55%(523/33 824)for all subjects, of whom 73.80%(386/523)were aged over 60.The incidence obviously increased from 0.22%(14/6 453)for aged 18-29 to 22.57%(214/948)for aged 80 and above( χ2=2433.71, P=0.000). Conclusions:eGFR decreases significantly with age.The incidence of eGFR<60 ml·min -1·1.73m -2in the elderly is high; eGFR is significantly correlated with BUA, FBG, SBP, DBP, and ALB in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the patterns of antipsychotic use in China and to analyze the factors that influence antipsychotic prescriptions. METHODS: A standardized survey was conducted from May 20 to 24 2002 in five different regions of China with varying economic levels. The patterns of antipsychotic medication use were analyzed in a sample of 4,779 patients with schizophrenia. The survey gathered information on demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and antipsychotic medications prescribed. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze factors related to patterns of antipsychotic medication use. RESULTS: A plurality of patients with schizophrenia was treated with clozapine (39%); this was followed by risperidone, sulpride, chlorpromazine, perphenazine, and haloperidol. More than 56.3% of patients were treated with only one atypical antipsychotic. The mean daily dose of chlorpromazine was 365+/-253 mg (mean+/-standard deviation), and 6.5% of patients were treated with depot injections of typical antipsychotic medications. A total of 73.7% (n=3,523) of patients with schizophrenia received monotherapy, 24.8% (n=1,183) received two antipsychotics, 1.1% (n=52) received three antipsychotics, and one received four different antipsychotics. Patients often simultaneously received other classes of medications including anticholinergic agents, benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers. Economic status and clinical symptoms were the main factors that contributed to the patterns of antipsychotic prescription. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that atypical antipsychotic medications, especially clozapine, are the primary psychiatric treatments of choice in the management of schizophrenia in China. Moreover, the economic status and clinical profile of the patient are the major factors affecting the prescription of antipsychotic medication.
Antidepressive Agents ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzodiazepines ; China ; Chlorpromazine ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Clozapine ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Perphenazine ; Prescriptions ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: Clozapine is one of the most commonly used antipsychotic drugs in China. To date, few studies have investigated the patterns the prescription of clozapine nationwide. The present study examined these patterns in China in 2006 and identified the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with the use of clozapine. METHODS: Using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure, we surveyed 5,898 patients with schizophrenia in 10 provinces with differing levels of economic development. RESULTS: Overall, clozapine had been prescribed for 31.9% (n=1,883) of the patients; however we found considerable variation among the 10 provinces. The frequency of clozapine use was highest in Sichuan (39.3%) and lowest in Beijing (17.3%). The mean daily dose of clozapine was 210.36+/-128.72 mg/day, and 25.1% of the patients were treated with clozapine in combination with other antipsychotics. Compared with the group not receiving clozapine, clozapine-user had been treated for longer durations and had experienced a greater number of relapses and hospitalizations. Furthermore, those in the clozapine-user had lower family incomes, were less able to seek psychiatric services, and more likely to be male and have a positive family history of schizophrenia. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, sex, professional help-seeking behaviors, duration of illness, economic status, educational level, and clinical manifestations were associated with the use of clozapine. CONCLUSION: Clozapine use is common in China. However, use of the antipsychotic varies among provinces, and demographic and clinical factors play important roles in the prescription of clozapine.
Antipsychotic Agents ; China ; Clozapine ; Data Collection ; Educational Status ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prescriptions ; Recurrence ; Sampling Studies ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVETo translate the English version of The Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) into Chinese, evaluate its reliability and validity, and analyze its feasibility in the diagnosis of premature ejaculation (PE).

METHODSFollowing the forward-backward translation procedure, we developed the Chinese version of PEDT, which was then revised by andrologists and bilingual linguists. We enrolled subjects with or without PE from 15 urological or andrological clinics in China and obtained the information about their demographic characteristics, PEDT scores, and intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT). We evaluated the internal consistency of PEDT using Cronbach alpha, was examined its reliability and stability by test-retest analysis, analyzed its correlation with IELT by Spearman correlation analysis, and tested its sensitivity and specificity by receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) analysis.

RESULTSTotally, 570 PE patients (aged [30.66 ± 7.11] years) and 226 non-PE men (aged [33.01 ± 5.41] years) were recruited, with the mean IELT of (1.34 ± 0.54) min in the former and (11.09 ± 7.5) min in the latter group. The Cronbach's alpha of the Chinese version of PEDT was 0.79, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.75 (P < 0.01). The PEDT score was negatively correlated with IELT (Spearman's p = -0.52, P < 0.01). When the cutoff value of PE diagnosis was defined as 7.5, the sensitivity and specificity of PEDT were 0.80 and 0.78, and when as 8.5, they were 0.72 and 0.89, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese version of PEDT was demonstrated to have good internal consistency, reliability, and validity, as well as a high predictability for PE. It can be used as a reliable and convenient tool to screen PE among Chinese men.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Ejaculation ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Premature Ejaculation ; diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Reaction Time ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Translations

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility of autologous peripheral CD(34)(+) cell transplantation for the treatment of severe autoimmune disease.

METHODSTen patients received mobilized and purified CD(34)(+) cells transplantation. The mobilization regimen was CTX plus rhG-CSF and the CD(34)(+) cells were selected by CliniMACS. (1.98 +/- 0.95) x 10(8) CD(34)(+) cells were obtained. The purity of CD(34)(+) cells was (91.4 +/- 10.6)% and the recovering rate was (60.5 +/- 19.8)%. The conditioning regimens were CTX (200 mg/kg) plus ATG (90 mg/kg) or CTX (150 mg/kg) plus TBI (4 - 6 Gy). (2.14 +/- 1.05) x 10(6)/kg CD(34)(+) cells were infused. The time of ANC >or= 0.5 x 10(9)/L was 8.6 +/- 2.5 days, and platelet >or= 20 x 10(9)/L was 9.0 +/- 5.2 days. After the hematopoietic recovery, the levels of CD(3)(+) T cell, CD(19)(+) B cells and CD(16)(+)CD(56)(+) NK cells were all below that of pre-transplantation. The main transplant-related complication was CMV infection. The transplant-related mortality was 2/10. All patients who survived showed improvement of the disease with DAI score decreasing from 17 to 4 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, DAS 28 score from 6.4 to 1.8 in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

CONCLUSIONThe result suggests that autologous peripheral CD(34)(+) cell transplantation is an alternative choice for the treatment of severe autoimmune disease. The short-term outcome is satisfying.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Autoimmune Diseases ; immunology ; therapy ; Female ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; mortality ; Transplantation, Autologous

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the ASES, Constant and HSS score systems and their significance on postoperative function of the shoulder.

METHODSTotally 172 cases of proximal humeral fracture of five affiliated hospital from September 2004 to September 2008 were analyzed. All the functional outcome of the involved shoulder were evaluated by ASES, Constant, HSS score and patient self score. The correlations and agreement of three shoulder scales were analyzed with Pearson correlation test and Bland-Altman plot in different age groups and fracture types.

RESULTS(1) The Constant score were lower than other two scores in the same age group and fracture type (F = 13.62 and 4.80, P < 0.05). (2) The correlations between three shoulder scales: ASES and Constant (r = 0.754, P = 0.0003), ASES and HSS (r = 0.755, P = 0.0001), Constant and HSS (r = 0.858, P = 0.0002). The correlations between three shoulder scales and patient self evaluation: ASES (r = 0.602, P = 0.0002), Constant (r = 0.705, P = 0.0001), HSS (r = 0.663, P = 0.0037). The Bland-Altman plot shows three shoulder scales have good agreement. (3)The correlation between Constant score and patient self evaluation decreased in the elder group and severe fracture type.

CONCLUSIONSASES, Constant, HSS shoulder score systems are all fit to evaluate the functional outcome of the shoulder, they have good correlation and agreement. Constant score in recommended for its high correlation coefficient with patient self evaluation score. However, its age bias must be paid attention in clinical practice. ASES shoulder score can be used in remote follow-up.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Shoulder Joint ; physiopathology ; Trauma Severity Indices ; Young Adult