OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of polysaccharides from antlion and explore its effect on im-mune functions of mice. METHODS:Using content of polysaccharides as investigation index,the effects of extracting polysaccha-rides from antlion by water extraction method protease hydrolysis extraction(optimized by orthogonal test using extraction tempera-ture,enzyme dosage,extraction time as indexes),and diluted alkali extraction(optimized by orthogonal test using alkali concentra-tion,extraction temperature,extraction time as indexes)were compared. 128 KM mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,then randomly divided into control group(normal saline),polysaccharides low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups(20,40,80 mg/kg),8 in each group,iv in tail vein,0.2 mL/10 g,once a day,for 1 week,which were respectively used to determine the phago-cytosis percentage and phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophages,spleen and thymus index,lymphocyte transformation rate and serum hemolysin levels. RESULTS:The contents of polysaccharides by 3 methods were 14.48%,38.66%,30.62%,respectively. The content of polysaccharides by protease hydrolysis extraction was the highest,the optimal extraction technology were as follows as using 100 μg/g papain extracting 3 h under 40 ℃. Compared with control group,phagocytosis percentage,phagocytic index, spleen index in polysaccharides low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups were significantly increased (P<0.05),thymus index was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while lymphocyte transformation rate had no significant changes(P>0.05);serum hemoly-sin in polysaccharides medium-dose group was significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Protease hydrolysis extraction is suitable for the extraction of polysaccharides from antlion,the optimal technology is reliable. Polysaccharides from antlion show activity in enhancing mice non-specific immunity and humoral immunity.

Objective To investigate the allergen of asthma in children in order to instruct family management and improve the quality of life of children with asthma. Methods Skin prick was used to detect the allergen of asthma in children. Family management program was designed for patients with posi-tive results and implemented under supervision. Controlled study of patients adopting family management program and patients without this program was performed for 1 year. Results 78 cases of 104 children (75.0%) with asthma were positive for allergen. Among 78 cases, 58 cases were positive for der-matophagoides culinae, and 49 cases were positive for dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, which were two main allergens. The one- year follow- up research results showed: 14 cases once suffered emergency treat-ment, 6 needed hospitalization, 12 absent from classes and the average economic cost reached 1840.5 yuan per patient per year among 52 patients who received family management program.While in 26 patients who did not adopt family management program, 15 cases once suffered emergency treatment, 10 needed hospi-talization, 14 absent from classes and the average economic cost reached 3267.3 yuan per patient per year. The difference was significant. Conclusions Family management guide can improve the quality of life in asthma children positive for allergen.

Nipple discharge is one of main symptoms about breast disease.Furthermore,the haematodes nipple discharge is earlier clinical manifestation of breast duct cancer.How to make diagnosis about the dis-ease of nipple discharge better,especially the early diagnosis of breast duct cancer,is the responsibility of breast specialists.There are several usual examinations about breast,but they are below the mark about some breast disease which have no lump or have minimal changes.Whole breast ultrasonic scanning and breast ultrasound computer-assisted diagnose system make the diagnosis of the disease of nipple discharge better than before in recent years.3D-reestablishment of this diagnose system can make doctor conveniently observe the disease in spatial position and know the relationgshep between disease and peripheric tissue.In this way,doctor can definit the property of disease more exactly and make early diagnosis of breast tumor more easier.

BACKGROUND: Ginkgetin has been widely acknowledged as having multiple pharmaceutical values in domestic and abroad. In many western countries, ginaton is imported in large amount. Domestic production of ginkgetin is great, however, seldom applied and there is no ginaton agent for injection.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of the increased contents of total flavonoid glycoside and quercetin glycoside of ginkgetin injection on memory function of mice, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in myocardial tissues and hemorrheological indexes of rabbits with ischemia-reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Randomized control animal experiment.SETTING: Hebei Medical College of Employees.MATERIALS: Ninety Kunming mice (3-4 months old), weight (25±1) g and thirty-two Japanese rabbits (3-4 months old) were selected. Self-made high-purity ginkgetin injection [5 mL containing 17.5 mg ginaton, of which there were 8.7 mg ginkgo flavonoid glycoside (49.8%) and 4.61% lactone];Ginkgetin injection made in German (Jinnaduo): Manufactured by Schwabe Germany [5 mL containing 17.5 mg ginaton, of which there were 4.2 mg ginkgo flavonoid glycoside (24%)].METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Central Department of Experimental Animal, Hebei Medical College of Employees from September to November 2002. ①Ninety mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:1, 2 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group, 1, 2 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group, model group and control group with 15 mice in each group. Mice in the model group and control group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, mice in each group were intraperitoneally injected respectively with testing medicine for 10 continuous days,One hour after the 10th day of administration, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL/kg scopolamine hydrobromide and dysmnesy models were duplicated. Ten minutes after that, mice were put in the step-down instrument for 36V-voltage-stimulus after accommodation. Measurements were re-performed respectively at 5 minutes and 24 hours after training.Latency and times of electric shock within 5 minutes were recorded.②Thirty-two Japanese rabbits were selected and randomly divided into normal control group, German ginkgetin injection group, 1 mL/kg, 0.5 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group with 8 rabbits in each group. Medicineswere continuously injected into aural veins. Three days after administration, blood was collected to detect the hemorheological indexes. ③Thirtytwo rabbits were randomized into 4 groups: 1 mL/kg, 2 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group, 2 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group and normal saline group with 8 ones in each group. Rabbit models with ischemia-reperfusion injury in myocardial tissues were established, rabbits were ligated for 30 minutes and then unclamped to get ischemic reperfusion injury in myocardial tissues, testing drugs were injected via carotid artery at the moment of reperfusion according to different groups. Before reperfusion and 30, 60 minutes after reperfusion, blood was drawn from the arteria femoralis, activity of SOD in plasma was measured. Animals were executed to obtain myocardial tissues so as to measure SOD activity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Latency and times of shock within 5 minutes in the experiment were recorded. ②Hemorheological indexes and determination of SOD activity in myocardial tissues.RESULTS: All experimental animals were involved in the analysis of results and no one died. ①Test for memory: Latency and times of errors in step down test in the injection group were better than those in the control group, and differences were significant (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05). Times of errors within 5 minutes in 1 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin irjection group was less than that in the German ginkgetin injection group and the differences were obvious.②Hemorheological indexes: Whole-blood viscosity low shear value,rigid index of red cells and gathering index of red cells etc. in injection groups decreased. ③SOD activity: Compared with control group, that was significantly increased in 1, 2 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group and were in a dose-dependent manner. Those were obviously increased in the 1 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group. Increase in SOD activity of ischemic myocardial tissues in the 1 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group was more significant than that in the 2 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group.CONCLUSION: Both self-made and German ginkgetin injections can enhance the ability of memory; While at the basis of same dose, self-made high-purity ginkgetin injection is superior to German ginkgetin injection.

Objective To explore the effect of clinical and pathological features on the incidence of Hyperuricemia (HUA) in renal glomerular disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was applied to review the clinical and pathological date collected from 3547 patients with renal glomerular disease.These patients were diagnosed as renal glomerular disease by renal biopsy from January 2007 to December 2011.Results (1) HUA incidence was 21.8％ (773/3547) in all of the patients,in which the incidence in secondary glomerular disease 27.2％ (240/882) was much higher than that in primary glomerular disease 20.7％ (552/2665),and the difference was significant (x2 =153.642,P ＜ 0.05).In primary glomerular disease,HUA incidence was the lowest in membranous nephropathy 14.4％ (96/665),while HUA incidence in lupus nephritis (LN) 45.3％(110/243) was the highest and small blood vessel infammation kidney damage 34.7％ (17/49) was the second in secondary glomerular disease.(2) With the increasing of glomerulosclerosis index,tubulointerstitial score,renal vascular lesions score and the stage of chronic kidney disease,HUA incidence increased (x2 =17.798-298.216,P =0.000).(3)Logistic regression analysis showed that high tubulointerstitial score,glomerulosclerosis index and renal dysfunction,male,overweight or obese,hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia were risk factors for hyperuricemia (OR:1.011-7.513,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The uric acid level is increased in nearly a quarter of patients with renal glomerular disease.Severe tubulointerstitial lesion,high glomerulosclerosis index,low glomerular filtration rate,male,overweight or obese,hypertension and hypertiglyceridemia were independent risk factors for HUA.

Objective To calculate the effects of thermoplastic mask on X-ray surface dose.Methods The BEAMnrc Monte Carlo Code system, designed especially for computer simulation of radioactive sources, was performed to evaluate the effects of thermoplastic mask on X-ray surface dose.Thermoplastic mask came from our center with a material density of 1.12 g/cm2. The masks without holes,with holes size of 0. 1 cm× 0. 1 cm, and with holes size of 0. 1 cm × 0. 2 cm, and masks with different depth (0.12 cm and 0.24 cm) were evaluated separately. For those with holes, the material width between adjacent holes was 0. 1 cm. Virtual masks with a material density of 1.38 g/cm3 without holes with two different depths were also evaluated. Results Thermoplastic mask affected X-rays surface dose. When using a thermoplastic mask with the depth of 0. 24 cm without holes, the surface dose was 74. 9% and 57.0% for those with the density of 1.38 g/cm3 and 1.12 g/cm3 respectively. When focusing on the masks with the density of 1.12 g/cm3, the surface dose was 41.2% for those with 0.12 cm depth without holes;57.0% for those with 0. 24 cm depth without holes;44. 5% for those with 0. 24 cm depth with holes size of 0.1 cm ×0.2 cm;and 54.1% for those with 0.24 cm depths with holes size of 0.1 cm ×0.1 cm.Conclusions Using thermoplastic mask during the radiation increases patient surface dose. The severity is relative to the hole size and the depth of thermoplastic mask. The surface dose change should be considered in radiation planning to avoid severe skin reaction.

Objective To evaluation the efficacy of dexmedetomidine mixed with dezocine and levobupivacaine for patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) after cesarean section.Methods A total of 300 patients, aged 23-35 yr, with body mass index of 24-28 kg/m2 , of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ , undergoing elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =100 each) according to the random number table: morphine and levobupivacaine group (ML group), dezocine and levobupivacaine group (DL group), and dexmedetomidine, dezocine and levobupivacaine group (DDL group).In group ML, the loading dose included morphine 2 mg + levobupivacaine 10 mg + 5 ml normal saline, and PCEA solution contained morphine 5 mg + levobupivacaine 150 mg + normal saline 100 ml.In group DL, the loading dose included dezocine 3 mg+ levobupivacaine 10 mg+ normal saline 5 ml, and PCEA solution contained dezocine 15 mg + levobupivacaine 150 mg + normal saline 100 ml.In group DDL, the loading dose included dezocine 2 mg+ levobupivacaine 10 mg + dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg + normal saline 5 ml, and PCEA solution contained dezocine 7.5 mg+ levobupivacaine 150 mg + dexmedetomidine 1.5 μ g/kg + normal saline 100 ml.At 10 min before the end of operation, the loading dose was given via the epidural catheter, and the PCEA pump was connected and set up to deliver a 2 ml bolus dose with a 15-min lockout interval and background infusion at 2 ml/h.Analgesia was maintained until 42 h after operation.Visual analog scale score was main-tained ≤ 3, and (or) visual analog scale for fatigue score ≤ 2.When PCEA failed, morphine 2 mg was injected epidurally as rescue analgesic.At 4, 8, 24 and 42 h after operation, the modified Bromage score and Ramsay sedation score were recorded, and patients' satisfaction with analgesia was evaluated.The occurrence of epidural analgesia-related adverse reactions was recorded.Results The consumption of PCEA solution and requirement for rescue analgesics were significantly lower in group ML than in group DL.Compared with group ML, Ramsay sedation score was significantly decreased at 4 and 8 h after operation, the degree of patients' satisfaction with analgesia was increased, and the incidence of nausea, vomiting, dizziness and pruritus was decreased in DL and DDL groups, and the incidence of urinary retention was decreased in group DDL.The degree of patients' satisfaction with analgesia was significantly higher, and the incidence of dizziness and urinary retention was lower in DDL group than in group DL.No patients developed epidural analgesia-relatcd hypotension, bradycardia, or respiratory depression in the three groups.Conclusion The efficacy of dexmedetomidine mixed with dezocine and levobupivacaine is good when used for PCEA after cesarean section, and the adverse reactions are fewer.

To observe the effects of dexamethasone (DXM) on changes of syndrome and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of asthmatic rats at different stages of intervention (before withdrawal, during withdrawal and after withdrawal).

OBJECTIVE To observe the increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MS) in offspring adult female rats which experienced prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) and underwent early postnatal catch-up growth and late chronic stress, and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Starting from gestational day 11, pregnant Wistar rats were intragastrically administered with caffeine at the dose of 120 mg·kg-1 per day until delivery. The female offspring rats were fed a high-fat diet from postnatal week 4 (PW4) to PW24, and then exposed to two weeks of unpredictable chronic stress at PW38-PW40. Blood glucose and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, insulin, triglycer? ides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were detected. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of adrenal steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, P450 side- chain cleavage enzyme, 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, steroid 11β- hydroxy? lase, steroid 21β- hydroxylase, hepatic insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 2 and glucose trans? porter 2 (GLUT2) were examined by real- time quantitative PCR. The morphological changes of the adrenal gland, pancreas and liver were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS Compared with control group〔(13.9±2.8) g〕, the body mass of the PCE offspring female rats at PW1〔(10.5±1.0) g〕 was significantly lower (P<0.01), which lasted until PW40 (P<0.05, P<0.01). However, the gain rate of body mass was higher in the PCE group at PW4- PW16 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Levels of blood glucose〔(5.9±0.3) mmol·L- 1〕and serum insulin〔(100±31) mU·L-1〕, the insulin resistance index (26.3±5.7), LDL-C〔(0.55±0.05) mmol·L-1〕level and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (0.87±0.11) were increased compared with (4.3±0.3) mmol·L-1, (45±4) mU·L-1, 8.3±0.9, (0.38±0.04) mmol·L-1 and 0.66±0.07 in the control group, respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01). The mRNA expression of hepatic GLUT2 in the PCE group was lower than in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the thicknesses of the adrenal zona fasciculata was re?duced and the area of pancreatic islets became smaller, but there was no significant change in liver morphology. CONCLUSION PCE offspring adult female rats display high susceptibility to MS, which is mainly manifested as insulin resistance, characterized by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, lipid metabolism disorder and structural and functional abnormalities of multiple organs. The mechanism is possibly related to the disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-associated neuroendocrine meta? bolic programming.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of HIV-negative plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) patients. Methods We collected HIV-negative PBL cases reported in our hospital and other literatures from online databases from January 1, 1997 to March 30, 2020. The data of clinical features, molecular pathology, treatment and prognosis were summarized and analyzed. Results We included 60 PBL patients, average age was 53.06±14.36 years, and most of them had relatively high Ann Arbor stage and Ki-67 expression. The average OS was 13.48±13.21 m. Kaplan-Meier curve revealed Ann Arbor stage, IPI index (3-5), B symptoms and CR in initial treatment were significantly related with patients' survival. Cox regression analysis indicated that the Ann Arbor stage and IPI index were the independent prognostic factors for patients' survival. Conclusion HIV-negative PBL mostly occurs in the middle-age and elderly patients, with advanced diagnosis stage and rapid tumor proliferation. Combination chemotherapy is the main treatment, while the therapeutic response and OS might be heterogeneous, the prognosis of most patients would be poor. The stage and IPI index are significantly related to the prognosis.