OBJECTIVE: Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer possessing good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and approved as a biomaterial for in vivo implantation by American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The role of cytokines in promoting osteogenesis and vascularization for constructing tissue-engineered bones has received increasing attention.But exogenous cytokine has shorter half-life in vivo and can not reach and maintain relatively high local level for bone repair. This article reviews the present researches and analyzes the application prospect of PLA and its derivatives in bone tissue engineering to serve as the carrier for polypeptide and protein medicines with controlled release through its degradation.DATA SOURCES: Related articles published between 1993 and 2004were searched in Medline database with key words of "polylactic acid,bone morphogenetic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor, TGF- beta", limiting the language to English; meanwhile the related medical papers between 1993 and 2004 were also searched in the Chinese Periodical Database, limiting the language to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Related researches on PLA and its derivatives for constructing bone tissue-engineering Scaffolds and study of PLA scaffolds carrying cytokines were included with the obsolete literature and repetitive researches eliminated.DATA EXTRACTION: Altogether 96 related literatures on PLA and its derivatives for constructing bone tissue-engineering scaffolds were collected, 23 of which were included in this review.DATA SYNTHESIS: PLA/PLA-polyglycolic acid copolymer is a good biodegradable scaffold for controlled drug release, having the dual functions as scaffolds and sustained-release drug carrier. PLA is the earliest scaffold material in bone and cartilage tissue-engineering, and also the most widely used tissue-engineering material at present. BMP is the most frequently adopted cytokine in bone tissue-engineering, and PLA scaffolds carrying sustained-release BMP is studies most thoroughly, but researches on PLA scaffolds carrying vascular endothelia growth factor has not been conducted.CONCLUSION: Development and application of PLA scaffolds carrying various sustained-release cytokines has become the new interest in bone tissue-engineering researches.

ObjectiveTo determine the serum vitamin D levels of patients with primary hypertension to provide a basis for prevention and control of the hypertension in Kashgar prefecture.Methods The clinical data of 200 patients with hypertension in Kashgar prefecture admitted to the Second People's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. According to risk factors, the 200 patients with primary hypertension were divided into three groups: 60 patients were selected as low risk group (hypertension 1 grade and no risk factors), 64 patients were arranged into an intermediate risk group (hypertension 2 grade or hypertension 1 grade accompanied by 1-2 risk factors) and 76 patients were assigned in a high risk group (hypertension 3 grade or hypertension 1-2 grade accompanied by ≥3 risk factors or hypertension of any grade accompanied by 1 target organ damage or 1 kind of clinical disease). In the same period, 66 healthy subjects having taken physical systemic medical examination with normal blood pressure in this hospital were grouped into a healthy control group. The levels of blood pressure and vitamin D in serum were measured, and the correlations between vitamin D and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were analyzed by pearson correlation analysis in the four groups.Results The SBP and DBP were significantly higher in low, intermediate and high risk group than those in healthy control group [SBP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 142±6, 161±5, 173±12 vs. 112±12, DBP (mmHg): 89±7, 101±4, 103±11 vs. 74±8], and their levels of vitamin D were lower in low, intermediate, high risk group than the level in healthy control group (μg/L: 24±6, 26±5, 20±4 vs. 30±7, allP < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the level of vitamin D was negatively correlated with SBP, DBP (r value was -0.373, -0.324, allP < 0.01).Conclusions The serum level of vitamin D is decreased in Uighur patients with blood hypertension in Kashgar prefecture, especially in the patients with high risk factors, the descent of the serum level is more significant. It is suggested to appropriately use vitamin D supplement to prevent blood hypertension.

Objective:To establish a RP HPLC method to determine the content of icariin in COMPOUND XIANLINGPI INJECTION.Methods:The samples was determined by RP HPLC on an ODS column. UV detection wavelength was at 270 nm. Icariin as an external standard and CH 3OH H 2O(30∶70) as a mobile phase.Results: The average recovery was 98.32%. RSD was 1.48%.Conclusion:The method is simple and accurate. It can be used to control the quality of COMPOUND XIANLINGPI INJECTION.

ObjectiveTo discuss the clinic application and surgical technique of the free flap by inverted-Y-shape microvascular anastomosis in tissue defect repair and functional reconstruction of the limb.Methods Twenty-two flaps in 18 patients were involved in the study between June 2006 and September 2010( 12 cases for soft tissue defect repair with exposure of the tendons, bones or joints, and 6 cases for functional reconstruction;five cases were around the elbows and 13 cases were around the extremity of the lower limb). Before free flap graft, twelve cases with infective tissue defect were debrided extensively and covered with vacuum sealing drainage from 1 to 2 times and each time last 5 to 7 days until the granulation tissue growing well.Designed the free anterolateral thigh flaps with the transverse and descending branches of the lateral femoral circumflex vessels or free latissimus dorsi flaps with the subscapular and circumflex scapular vessels forming a inverted-Y-shape pedicle to repair the tissue defect or to reconstruct the limb function.The recipient artery was sectioned and the arterial tree of the flap was anastomosed to the recipient vessel by two end-to-end anastomoses.This inverted-Y-shape microvascular anastomosis could supply blood for both the free flap and the extremity of the limb.Not all of the veins of the recipient limb need to be cut off.Observed the circulation of the limb extremity, and evaluated the quality of flaps'survival.ResultsComplete flap survival was achieved in 21 flaps and without vaso-occlusive crisis;while partial flap loss in 1 case, which healed after changing dressings.The mean follow-up was 16.2 (6-36) months postoperatively,appearance of the flaps and the functions of limbs were satisfactory,and no obvious complication was found in the donor site.ConclusionThe free flap by inverted-Y-shape microvascular anastomosis is a new choice for the tissue defect repair and functional reconstruction of the limb,especially for the wound around elbow or extremity of the lower limb with one major artery destroyed.

[Objective]To assess the influence of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) reconstruction on preoperative fracture classification of intraarticular fractures by comparing 3D CT and 2D CT in preoperative fracture classification of tibial plateau fractures and acetabular fractures.[Method]A retrospective study was performed to evaluate 28 tibial plateau fractures and 19 acetabular fractures.Four attending traumatic orthopaedic surgeons used 3D CT and 2D CT respectively to evaluate fractures and rendered fracture classification.Test of agreement was performed to evaluate interobserver and intraobserver agreement about fracture classification.[Result]With the use of 3D CT images,interobserver and intraobserver reliability for fracture classification increased to perfect agreement.[Conclusion]3D CT could improve the reliability of preoperative fracture classification for tibial plateau fractures and acetabular fractures.3D CT is helpful and worthwhile for preoperative evaluation for fracture classification of intraarticular fractures.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of subacute thyroiditis by fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC).Method 3665 patients with thyroid disease were detected by FNAC method in 8 years(from Feb 1990 to Dec 1998).Results 353 cases(9 63%) of subacute thyroidits were definitely diagnosed by FNAC with vital staining.Conclusions As compared with other clinical examination including CT,ultrasonic B and radioimmunological assay.FNAC test is all the more simple,safe and valuable diagnostic method for subacute thyroiditis.

Dengue (DEN) virus is a member of the family flaviviridae which consists of a group of enveloped viruses with a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome. DEN virus infection is initiated by the binding of envelope protein E to cellular receptor,followed by replication in cytoplasm which associated with a range of induced membrane structures. Further characterization of the DEN replication complex (RC) showed the involvement of NS1, NS2A, NS3, NS4A, and NS5 proteins as the viral replicase. The DEN virion maturation is associated with the cleavage of precursor of protein C by NS2B/NS3 protease and the glucosylase-mediated N-linked oligosaccharide trimming of prM, E protein. This review summarizes recent advance in research on DEN virus life cycle, emphasizing cellular receptor, RNA replication and virion assembly.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are an emerging class of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics with unique pharmacokinetic properties. Five siRNA drugs based on two delivery systems have been approved, and an increasing number of siRNA drugs have already moved to the clinical study phase. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a useful tool and has been demonstrated to have wide ranging utility in drug development and regulatory review. However, PBPK modeling is still in its infancy in guiding the development of siRNA-based drugs in the context of its widespread use in small and large molecule areas. This article reviews the pharmacokinetic profiles of siRNA drugs, outlines the current state of PBPK model building in siRNA drug development, and describes the key parameters required for model building. This article provides insights into the future applications of PBPK models and for optimizing the key parameters when building the model for siRNA drug development.

Objective To investigate three-dimensional localization for sentinel lymph node (SLN) of breast cancer,and by which we can remove the SLNs directly.Methods The ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes of 40 patients were inspected by B-ultrasound and axillary artery and subscapular artery bifurcation point and its trend with Doppler B-ultrasound in the preoperation,then located them in the surface.We found SLNs using methylene blue as the mapping agent with endoscope during the operation,determined which lymphatic group the sentinel lymph node belonged and the spatial location and the surface projection according to the anatomical location.Results We found the three-dimensional location of SLNs in the group of 39 in 40 patients with endoscope,of which 34 cases located in central group,accounting for 87.18％ ;while 4 cases located in the subscapular group,accounting for 10.26％,and their spatial location was as follows:set the root of subscapular artery in this location as a starting point,the subscapular artery as a diameter,and made a diameter of 5cm circle to the bottom,then let the latissimus dorsi as the end,and made a quasi-cylinder through the circle to the axillary central.The height of the quasi-cylinder got up to the surface of the intercostal brachial nerve.Then set the nerve as the diameter of circle of quasi-cylinder,and the centre of circle was crosspoint of subscapnlar artery's surface projection with intercostal brachial nerve.The height of quasi-cylinder varies with somatotypes of the patients,its height was less than or equal to 5cm.What's more,the fiften enlarged lymph nodes located by B-ultrasound in the preoperation were all in the quasi-cylinder,and they were SLNs.Conclusion SLN lies in quasi-cylinder consisting of spatial location of subscapular group and central group lymph nodes.If the enlarged lymph nodes found by B-ultrasound are in above mentioned quasi-cylinder,they can be considered as the SLNs.Make a 5cm-incision parallelling the intercostal brachial nerve and intersecting the surface projection of subscapular artery in the surface of quasi-cylinder,then dissect toward the origin of the subscapular artery,you can find SLNs.