The pharmacokinetics of orally administered pefloxacin were studied to evaluate the bio-enhancing effect of the herbal bio-enhancer, trikatu, in mountain Gaddi goats (n = 6). The findings of the study revealed a decreased plasma concentration (p > 0.05) of pefloxacin following trikatu administration during the absorption phase (10, 15, 20 min post pefloxacin administration). In contrast, the plasma concentrations of pefloxacin were significantly higher at 4, 6, 8 and 12 h (during the elimination phase) of the pefloxacin administration. The findings of the investigation revealed higher values for the area under the curve, the area under the first moment of the plasma drug concentration time curve, the mean residential time, the total duration of pharmacological action and bioavailability. Trikatu treatment, however, significantly reduced the elimination half life (t(1/2beta)) and zero time intercept of the elimination phase. The apparent volume of distribution based on the total area under the plasma drug concentration curve [(Vd((area))] and the apparent volume of distribution based on the zero time plasma concentration intercept of the elimination phase [Vd((B))] were significantly higher in trikatu treated animals indicating a better penetration of the drug. Based on the MIC of 0.8 microgram/ml of pefloxacin, a priming dose of 6.0 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2.21 mg/kg is required to be administered at 8 h intervals. For practical purposes in goats this would mean a priming dose of 6 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg given by the oral route, to be repeated at 8 h intervals.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Cross-Over Studies ; Ginger ; Goats/*metabolism ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Pefloxacin/*administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics ; Phytotherapy/*veterinary ; Piper ; Piper nigrum ; Plant Extracts/*pharmacology

The authors report a case of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus gastro-intestinal infection and bacteremia with poly-arthritis, mainly of the hip, in a French patient simultaneously suffering from cirrhosis of the liver. The outcome was eventually favorable, however only after a trial of ineffective pefloxacin-gentamicin therapy. The authors suggest: (i) gentamicin should not be given alone in C. fetus subsp. fetus infections, and (ii) pefloxacin should not be given if antibiotic sensitivities data are not available. The inconclusive reliability of disk diffusion tests for C. fetus subsp. fetus should be recognized.
Antibiotics, Combined/*administration & dosage ; Arthritis, Infectious/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Bacteremia/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Campylobacter Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Campylobacter fetus/*drug effects ; Case Report ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Gentamicins/administration & dosage ; *Hip Joint ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Pefloxacin/*administration & dosage