History, 20th Century ; Pediatrics ; history

Child ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; history ; Pharmacology, Clinical ; history ; Societies, Medical ; history

Child ; Gastroenterology ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; history ; Societies, Medical ; history

Child ; Hematology ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; history ; Societies, Medical ; history

Child ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nephrology ; history ; Pediatrics ; history ; Societies, Medical ; history

Child ; China ; Endocrinology ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; history

Child ; China ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Nephrology ; history ; Pediatrics ; history ; Societies, Medical ; history

The history of fetal surgery features an absolute dependency upon the possibility of diagnosis before birth. Powerful new imaging methods, the techniques of sampling amniotic fluid and fetal tissue, and modern molecular genetics for the prenatal diagnosis of various congenital diseases have removed the veil of secrecy from the fetus. Even though most prenatally detected congenital malformations can be managed after maternal transport, a few simple anatomic defects require fetal surgery, albeit with predictably poor results. The understanding of intrauterine physiology and pathophysiology in several congenital malformations has been worked out in animal model study, and the natural history of congenital defects revealed by prenatal observations on human fetuses. Selection criteria for intrauterine intervention have been developed. Over the last two decades, surgical techniques for open and endoscopic fetal surgery have been defined and anesthesia and tocolysis for fetal surgery improved. As we enter the 21st century, this field of surgery will surely expand.
Animal ; Europe ; Fetus/*surgery ; History of Medicine, 16th Cent. ; History of Medicine, 19th Cent. ; History of Medicine, 20th Cent. ; History of Medicine, Ancient ; Human ; Pediatrics/*history ; Surgery/history ; United States

PURPOSE: Nodular duodenitis is defined as two or more erythematous nodules in the duodenum, with surrounding inflammation and with or without apical erosions. But the clinical features and natural history of nodular duodenitis remain largely undefined, therefore we examined clinical, endoscopic and pathologic features of nodular duodenitis in children to find about its natural history, relationship between endoscopic and pathologic findings, relationship between Helicobacter pylori and nodular duodenitis as well as clinical response to antisecretory therapy. METHODS: Forty-nine children presented with chronic abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, vomiting and indigestion showed nodular duodenitis on gastroduodenoscopic examinations at the Department of pediatrics of Hangyang University Hospital from January 1995 to August 1997. Endoscopic and pathologic findings were graded and the correlation coefficient between endoscopic and pathologic grades were analyzed. Clinical responses to therapy were compared between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated and non H. pylori-associated children. RESULTS: The chief most common complaint was chronic abdominal pain and this disease was most commonly developed in females and in school-aged children. In endoscopic examinations, Grade 1 was the most commonly noted, while in pathologic examinations, Grade 2 was most common. The correlation coefficient between endoscopic and pathologic findings was 0.278 (P= 0.053). Clinical symptoms were improved by H2-blocker or anti-H. pylori therapy in most patients. CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation between endoscopic and pathologic grades. H. pylori infection may be an etiologic factor of nodular duodenitis in some cases.
Abdominal Pain ; Child* ; Diarrhea ; Duodenitis* ; Duodenum ; Dyspepsia ; Female ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Natural History ; Pediatrics ; Vomiting

Kienbock's disease is very rare in pediatrics. The treatment of Kienbock's disease is controversial and depends on an understanding of the natural history of the disease. The methods proposed vary from conservative treatment to surgical treatment such as radial shortening or scaphotrapezoidal joint fixation, but there are few therapeutic guidelines for paediatric Kienbock's disease. We encountered a 14-year-old male with Lichtman stage IIIB disease and treated him with conservative management. We report this rare case of advanced paediatric Kienbock's disease with good clinical results at the 2-year follow-up along with a review of the relevant literature.
Adolescent ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Natural History ; Osteonecrosis* ; Pediatrics