Subglottic hemangioma is a rare condition which has the potential to cause life-threatening complications during the pediatric period. The most common presenting symptom is inspiratory and expiratory stridor, which is often exacerbated by crying and upper respiratory tract infection. The natural history of subglottic hemangioma is characterized by progressive airway obstruction during the proliferative phase for the first year, but after 1 year of age, the symptoms resolve spontaneously as the lesion regresses. We report a 50-day-old infant with subglottic hemangioma who suffered from episodes of cyanosis and persistent stridor with viral pneumonia. In addition, she had cutaneous hemangioma on her right cheek. The hemangioma was successfully controlled with just systemic steroids, because the lesion occupied 40% of total subglottic space. We concluded that if an infant with cutaneous hemangioma displays biphasic then stridor subglottic hemangioma should be included in differential diagnosis.
Airway Obstruction ; Cheek ; Crying ; Cyanosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Natural History ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Steroids

PURPOSE: Swyer-James syndrome is an uncommon abnormality characterized radiographically by a hyperluncent lobe or lung and functionally by normal or reduced volume during inspiration and air trapping during expiration. The condition typically follows certain respiratory infections in infancy or early childhood. Thus, it is a postinfectious form of bronchiolitis obliterans. Most patients have chronic cough, sputum, and abnormal breathing sounds, and present with repeated pulmonary infections. The syndrome affects pulmonary functions and may cause anatomical changes such as bronchiectasis and emphysema. We reviewed cases of Swyer-James syndrome, in order to better understand the clinical manifestations and outcomes of the disease. METHODS: The diagnostic criteria were small or normal-sized unilateral hyperlucent lung with air-trapping during expiration based on chest X-ray or CT and history of severe lung infection. A total of 12 patients were found. Medical records, radiological studies, and other clinical test results were reviewed. RESULTS: Most of the patients had chronic respiratory symptoms and signs. All patients had pneumonia or bronchiolitis as initial insult. Microbial agents were determined in six patients, of whom three were adenovirus and the others, Mycoplasma pneumoniae. They had restrictive and obstructive patterns of pulmonary function with bronchial hyperresponsiveness for methacholine. Two patients underwent lobectomy for emphysema and bullous emphysema, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, Swyer-James syndrome is a severe chronic pulmonary disease, presenting with respiratory symptoms, and functional and anatomical changes including bronchiectasis and emphysema. Further rejearch is needed to investigate initial etiologic agents and pathogenesis; further research is also needed for the care of chronic respiratory problems.
Adenoviridae ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchiolitis ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans ; Cough ; Emphysema ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lung, Hyperlucent* ; Medical Records ; Methacholine Chloride ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Sputum ; Thorax

PURPOSE: The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases is on the increase and that of obesity is on the continuous increase all over the world. There are recent studies on the association between asthma and obesity, which are still controversial. This study aimed at identifying the effect of obesity on atopy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children. METHODS: This study was conducted with 443 subjects ranging from six to 15 years of age, and consisted of 283 boys and 160 girls. They went through pulmonary function tests and methacholine challenge tests with their eosinophil counts within blood, total serum IgE levels, serum eosinophil cationic protein(ECP) levels, heights, and weights measured. After determining body mass index(BMI), BMI percentiles were determined by using a BMI percentile curve based on gender and age. After the classification on the basis of the 85th, 90th, and 95th BMI percentiles, a comparison was made in frequencies of atopy, total serum IgE, eosiniphil counts within blood, and serum ECPs as well as in frequencies of bronchial hyperresponsiveness for the total group, the boys, and the girls, respectively. RESULTS: Among the groups classified by BMI percentiles, there was no significant differences in total serum IgE, eosinophil counts within blood, and serum ECPs. There also was no significant differences in bronchial hyperresponsiveness or pulmonary functions among them. Effect of atopy and pulmonary function test variables on BMI did not show any statistical significance in boys, girls or the total group. CONCLUSION: There was domestically no association between obesity and atopy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness among children.
Asthma ; Body Mass Index ; Child* ; Classification ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Methacholine Chloride ; Obesity* ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: Atopic dermatitis is affected by genetic and environmental factors. Bronchial asthma often develops in atopic dermatitis children. Allergen sensitization may affect the frequency of asthma in preschool atopic dermatitis children. So, we performed this study to know the relationship between allergen sensitization and the frequency of asthma in preschool atopic dermatitis children. METHODS: Three-hundred twelve of the children with atopic dermatitis in preschool aged children were divided into 3 groups; Allergens ; Asthma* ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Pyroglyphidae

PURPOSE: We attempted to observe the natural course of egg allergy and to investigate the risk factors predicting the likelihood of persistence of egg allergy in infants and young children with atopic dermatitis. METHODS: A total of 125 infants with atopic dermatitis and egg allergy were enrolled in this study. Egg allergy was defined when the serum egg white-specific IgE was equal or greater than 2 U/mL by CAP-FEIA.(Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) After follow-up evaluation of serum egg white-specific IgE, they were classified into two groups: "persistent" group(egg white- specific IgE> or =2 U/mL in children younger than 2 years and > or =7 U/mL in those older than 2 years) and "non-persistent" group. Median follow-up duration was 15 months. Specific IgE levels at first visit, family histories of allergic diseases, histories of breast milk feeding and the presence of sensitization to multiple food allergens were compared between the two group. RESULTS: The numbers of the "persistent" group and the "non-persistent" group were 75(60%) and 50(40%), respectively. The "persistent" group had higher egg white-specific IgE levels at first visit, more sensitization to multiple food allergens, and more breast-feeding than the non-persistent group.(P<0.05) Family histories of allergic diseases were not significantly different between the two groups.(P>0.05) CONCLUSION: Sixty percent of infants with atopic dermatitis and egg allergies showed persistent egg allergies during the median follow-up of 15 months. Infants with higher egg white-specific IgE level and sensitization to multiple food allergens at the initial evaluation are likely to develop persistent egg allergies.
Allergens ; Child* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Egg Hypersensitivity* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Infant* ; Milk, Human ; Ovum* ; Risk Factors*

No Abstract Available.
Asthma* ; Dermatitis, Atopic*

Siglecs are sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins, subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily. They are characterized by a homologous N-terminal V-set Ig-like domain and C2 set Ig-like domains. N-terminal domains have sialic acid binding activity. In humans, 11 Siglecs have been described sialoadhesin(Siglec-1), CD22(Siglec-2), CD33(Siglec-3), MAG(Siglec-4), more recently described CD33-related Siglecs(Siglec 5-11). Siglecs express most signal via immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif(ITIM) cytoplasmic domains. The cytoplasmic tails of all Siglecs except sialoadhesin have one or more tyrosine residues within potential signaling motifs. Inhibitory function of other Siglecs such as Siglec-7 or Siglec-9 was shown in RBL-2H3 cells. Co-crosslinking of Siglec-7 or Siglec-9 and Fc epsilon R1 substantially reduced the serotonin release of RBL-7 and RBL-9 cells. Siglec-8 is expressed on human eosinophils, mast cells and basophils. Siglec-8 has two tyrosine motifs, a proximal motif and a distal motif. They have some inhibitory functions in immune system. We have observed that Siglec-8 is able to inhibit the IgE receptor-mediated beta-hexosaminidase release of RBL-2H3 cells following co-crosslinking. Co-crosslinking of Siglec-8 and Fc epsilon R1 reduced the hexosaminidase release of RBL-2H3 cells. These results show that Siglec-8 is as potent as Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 in delivering inhibitory signals to RBL-2H3 cells. Siglec-8 should be a new member of the inhibitory receptor superfamily and the membrane-proximal ITIM is essential for the inhibitory function of Siglec-8 molecules. Although these molecules present specific marker for the allergic cell types, more work is needed to understand the signaling mechanism and the role in various disease processes.
Basophils ; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Hexosaminidases ; Humans ; Immune System ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulins ; Inflammation* ; Lectins ; Mast Cells ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid ; Serotonin ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1 ; Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins* ; Tyrosine

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease often preceding the development of asthma and allergic disorders, such as food allergy or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The incidence of atopic dermatitis is increasing, and this poses a major burden on health care costs. The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis has long remained enigmatic, but much scientific effort has been invested in elucidating the genetic background and the immunological mechanisms underlying atopic dermatitis. Pathophysiology involves a complex series of interactions between resident and infiltrating cells orchestrated by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. A deficiency of antimicrobial peptides might contribute to the propensity for colonization or infection by microbial organisms seen in atopic dermatitis. New management approaches have evolved form advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of this common skin disorder.
Asthma ; Chemokines ; Colon ; Cytokines ; Dendritic Cells ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Health Care Costs ; Incidence ; Peptides ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Superantigens

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus is a very rare tumor comprising only 0.1-0.2% of primary lung cancers and characterized by mixture of mucus-secreting cells, squamous cells, and cells of intermediate type. It occurs in any age from 3 months to 78 years, but nearly half of the cases are younger than 30 years. It usually occurs in the main or lobar bronchi as a soft, vascular polypoid mass that induces bronchial obstruction, recurrent pneumonia, chronic cough, and/or hemoptysis. Although mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the bronchi are known to have malignant potential, generally appear to behave in benign fashion in children and making conservative pulmonary resection sufficient and adequate as a therapy. We describe a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of proximal left lower lobe bronchus in 10-year-old girl, nearly completely obstructing the lower lobe bronchus and partially obstructing the upper lobe bronchus.
Bronchi ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid* ; Child ; Cough* ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Pneumonia

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology; is characterized by bleeding into the alveoli and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. The clinical and paraclinical findings consist of recurrent hemoptysis, pulmonary infiltrates, and iron deficiency anemia. Examinations of sputum disclose large numbers of hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophage. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis may develop. We experienced a case of recurrent IPH in an eight and half year-old girl who had been initially admitted at the age of 12 months old for the same complaints: cough, fever, and recurrent episodes of hemoptysis and iron deficiency anemia. Hemosiderin laden macrophages were demonstrated in smears of material obtained from gastric juices. There were no specific causes for the pulmonary hemorrhage. We reported a case of IPH with sequential findings on plain chest radiograph and high resolution computed tomography.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Child ; Cough ; Female ; Fever ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Gastric Juice ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage ; Hemosiderin ; Hemosiderosis* ; Humans ; Infant ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Rare Diseases ; Sputum