The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of the fast food and beverage intake on sociality and anger expression of adolescents. Questionnaires were distributed to the adolescents of 599 middle and high school students in Busan. According to the results, the preference-intake frequency analysis (PEA) on fast food grid, high preference and high intake frequency were 'dukbokki', 'chicken' and 'mandu' and low preference and high intake frequency were 'ramyon', 'gimbab. PEA on beverage grid, high preference and high intake frequency were 'milk dairy product', 'fruit juice', 'isotonic beverage' and low preference and high intake frequency were 'carbonate drink'. The intake frequency of 'pizza', 'sandwich', 'udong', and 'dukbokki' had a positive relationship with sociality. 'Hamburger', 'chicken', 'french fry', 'gimbab', 'mandu', and 'ramyon' showed a positive relationship with anger-out. The intake frequency of 'carbonated drink' had a negative relationship with anger-control, but 'green tea' showed a positive relation with it. 'Carbonate drink', 'isotonic beverage', 'coffee', and 'milkshake' had a negative relationship with anger-out. The explanation power (R2) of intake of fast food and beverage on sociality was 0.019~0.038, and 'carbonated drink' and 'coffee' had a negative influence on sociality. The explanation power (R2) of intake of fast food and beverage on anger expression was 0.011~0.041, and 'carbonated drink' had a negative influence on angercontrol. 'Hamburger', 'carbonated drink', and 'coffee' showed a positive influence on anger-out. From these results, it was necessary to develop the practical eating-out habits program on proper fast food and beverage choice for adolescents.
Adolescent ; Anger ; Beverages ; Fast Foods ; Humans ; Peas

As a rule, eccrine spiradenoma occurs as a solitary intradermal nodule measuring 1 to 2 cm in diameter. Occasionally, there are several nodules, and rarely, there are numerous small nodules in a zosteriform pattern or large nodules, up to 5 cm, in a linear arrangement. We report herein an interesting case of eccrine spiradenoma in which multiple large nodules in a linear arrangement were observed. A 41-year-old female presented with a 17-year history of multiple pea to large bean-sized painful and tender subcutaneous nodules which show the linear distribution along her right arm. The diagnosis of eccrine spiradenoma was made by clinical and histopathological findings and all her subcutaneous nodules were removed by surgical method.
Adult ; Arm ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Peas

N-Methylhydrasteine hydroxylactam and 1-methoxyberberine chloride, both alkaloids, extracted from Corydalis longipes have been assayed for their activities against two powdery mildews. The spore germination of Erysiphe cichoracearum on detached leaf of balsam(Impatiens balsaminia) following pre- and post-inoculation treatments by their mixture has shown high efficacy against the pathogen at 100, 200 and 300 microg/ml. The mixture was also effective at both pre- and post-inoculation treatments at 500, 1000, 1500 microg/ml doses against E. pisi causing pea powdery mildew in pea(Pisum sativum) under field conditions. The significant efficacy of the mixture of two compounds against spore germination on detached leaves of balsam and also under field conditions in pea warrants its inclusion in trials against some other diseases under field conditions.
Alkaloids* ; Corydalis* ; Germination ; Peas* ; Plants* ; Spores

A cutaneous angiitis showing evidence of leukocytoclastic angiitis in a 17 year old girl is presented. The patient showed multiple pinhead to pea sized erythematoue papular lesions on both legs, right axillary region, left upper chest, palms and especially around the ankles, The lesions did not fade on diascopy and caused mild pruritus and were slightly tender. The lesions had been present for about six months. The definition, classification, pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects of cutan- eous angiitis are reviewd.
Adolescent ; Ankle ; Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Peas ; Pruritus ; Thorax ; Vasculitis*

Multiple glomus tumors, although rare, have usually been unassociated with pain. A case of multiple nontender glomus tumor is reported in 16-year old male. The tumor was 15 soft, slightly bluish purple pea sized subcutaneous nodules on right forearm. Diagnosis was confirmed by the clinical and histological features.
Adolescent ; Diagnosis ; Forearm ; Glomus Tumor* ; Humans ; Male ; Peas

Idiopathic calcinois of the scrotum which was described by Shapiro et al. in 1970 is a rare cutaneous disorder and it seems that this is tbe first case reporting in Korean literature. A 26-year old male was well until age 25 when a few, small nodule developed on the scrotal area and, thereafter, have increased in the numbers and size of the nodules progressively. The skin lessions showed multiple, yellowish, firm, round, smooth nodul ranging in size from that of the head of a pin to that of a pea. Clinica,lly they seemed to be steatoma, but histologic findings showed several islands of calcified amorphous material without: any evidence of residual cysts. He appeared to be in good general health and had an apparently normal skin except for hie scrotum.
Adult ; Calcinosis* ; Head ; Humans ; Islands ; Male ; Peas ; Scrotum* ; Skin

Cervical tab is one of rare developmental anomalies of the brachial apparatus which appears as firm, protruding papule or nodule on the neck along the line of anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A 5 year-old male patient developed a pea sized, movable, semi-solid mass on the lower portion of right sternocleidomastoid muscle area. On microscopic examination, well-marginated oval shaped cartilage was present. Individual cells in the lacunae had ample cytoplasm and eccentric nucleus. Verhoeff-van Gieson stained section of the mass showed cartilage with a rich elastic network in the matrix, most heavily concentrated about the chondrocyte. We report a rare case of cervical tab manifesting as a skin-colored nodule on the sternocleidomastoid muscle area.
Cartilage ; Child, Preschool ; Chondrocytes ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Peas

We present a case of eccrine spiradenoma occurring on the trunk in a 33 year old woman. She developed a pea sized, pinkish tender nodule on the anterior chest 8 years ago. On histologic examination, there were several lobules surrounded by thin connective tissue septa in dermis. The lobules themselves consisted of small dark staining cells and large pale-staining cells, forming solid cords or ducts.
Adult ; Connective Tissue ; Dermis ; Female ; Humans ; Peas ; Thorax

Repeated administration of amphetamine (AMPH) produces behavioral sensitization, a proposed model for the escalation of drug use characteristic of human addicts. beta-Phenylethylamine (PEA) is an endogenous trace amine found in mammalian brain and resembles AMPH both structurally and behaviorally. Previously, it has been reported that chronic PEA administration produces behavioral sensitization to the challenges of AMPH. However, these data were obtained with very high amount of PEA for a relatively long period of time. Further, the effect of PEA challenge on the expression of behavioral sensitization developed by AMPH pre-exposures has not been tested yet. Thus, we examined in the present experiment the expression of behavioral sensitization with AMPH challenge after a mild chronic PEA treatment. Rats were repeatedly administered with systemic injections of saline, beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) (10 or 50 mg/kg), or amphetamine (AMPH) (1.5 mg/kg). When challenged a week after the last pre-injection, rats pre-exposed to either PEA or AMPH showed behavioral sensitization to AMPH (1.0 mg/kg), while these effects were not observed to PEA (50 mg/kg) itself. These results demonstrate that repeated exposure to PEA produces behavioral sensitization to AMPH challenge, while PEA challenge has no effect on the expression of behavioral sensitization developed by AMPH pre-exposures, suggesting that PEA may play a role in the development of locomotor sensitization to AMPH, but not in the expression of it.
Amphetamine ; Animals ; Brain ; Humans ; Peas ; Phenethylamines ; Rats ; Schizophrenia

The effect of methanolic extract of cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale) shell extract was seen on conidial germination of Erysiphe pisi and powdery mildew development in pea (Pisum sativum). Maximum conidial germination inhibition of E. pisi on glass slides was observed at 300 ppm. Similar effect on floated pea leaves was observed after 48 h at the same concentration. Conidial germination on intact untreated pea leaves was also assessed on II and IV nodal leaves while IV and II nodal leaves were treated with the extract and vice versa. There was tremendous reduction in conidial germination on all the nodal leaves. The disease intensity of pea powdery mildew was significantly reduced by methanolic extract of cashewnut shells. Maximum reduction was observed with 200 ppm where 39% disease intensity was recorded in comparison to 96.53% in the control. The phenolic acid content of pea leaves following treatments with this extract varied and no definite pattern was observed. Out of several phenolic compounds, namely, gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, only gallic acid was found to be present consistently in all the treatments with varied amounts.
Anacardium ; Gallic Acid ; Germination ; Glass ; Hydroxybenzoates ; Methanol ; Peas ; Phenol