High-density channels are often used to acquire electroencephalogram (EEG) spatial information in different cortical regions of the brain in brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. However, applying excessive channels is inconvenient for signal acquisition, and it may bring artifacts. To avoid these defects, the common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm was used for channel selection and a selection criteria based on norm-2 is proposed in this paper. The channels with the highest M scores were selected for the purpose of using fewer channels to acquire similar rate with high density channels. The Dataset III a from BCI competition 2005 were used for comparing the classification accuracies of three motor imagery between whole channels and the selected channels with the present proposed method. The experimental results showed that the classification accuracies of three subjects using the 20 channels selected with the present method were all higher than the classification accuracies using all 60 channels, which convinced that our method could be more effective and useful.
Algorithms ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Physiological

Acoustic analysis is one of the important branches of biometric recognition technology widely used now. The mainly aim of the technology is to recognize the identity of person and judge the content of speech or diagnose the illness automatically according to the features extracted from the speaker's waveforms. All these features are related with the characteristics of speaker's physiological, pathological and psychological action. Speaker recognition study has its 50-year old history already, but acoustic analysis in diagnosing disease has been founded since 1970s. This paper introduces the main concept and research background of this diagnosing system generally and discusses the problems generated during processing. At last the prospect for the applications of acoustic analysis is forecasted.
Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Physiological ; Signal Detection, Psychological ; Speech ; physiology ; Speech Acoustics ; Speech Disorders ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

To treat the problem of identification performance and the complexity of the algorithm, we proposed a piecewise linear representation and dynamic time warping (PLR-DTW) method for ECG biometric identification. Firstly we detected R peaks to get the heartbeats after denoising preprocessing. Then we used the PLR method to keep important information of an ECG signal segment while reducing the data dimension at the same time. The improved DTW method was used for similarity measurements between the test data and the templates. The performance evaluation was carried out on the two ECG databases: PTB and MIT-BIH. The analystic results showed that compared to the discrete wavelet transform method, the proposed PLR-DTW method achieved a higher accuracy rate which is nearly 8% of rising, and saved about 30% operation time, and this demonstrated that the proposed method could provide a better performance.
Algorithms ; Biometric Identification ; methods ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Patient Identification Systems ; Pattern Recognition, Physiological

OBJECTIVETo explore the specifificity of Tongli (HT 5) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) paired acupionts in aspects of Deqi sensation and brain activation patterns during electroacupuncture.

METHODSIn this study, 15 healthy subjects were enrolled. All participants suffered two kinds of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations randomly: Examination A received electro-acupuncture (EA) at the bilateral Tongli (HT5) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) acupoints (ACU), and examination B received EA at bilateral non-acupoints (NAP). The subjects reported the feeling of Deqi at each examination later respectively. A multi-voxel pattern analysis method and Statistical Program for Social Sciences were used to analyze the data.

RESULTSThe ACU group (Exam A) reported fullness, heaviness, numbness, soreness and throbbing of signifificantly greater intensity than the NAP group (Exam B). In addition, there was no statistical signifificance between two groups in aching, tingling, deep pressure, sharp pain, dull pain, warmness and cold. Meanwhile, fMRI data revealed differences between two groups in discriminating accuracy of brain somatosensory cortex and language-related cortices.

CONCLUSIONSNeedling HT 5 and GB 39 may modulate language function through a complex brain network, suggesting that it may be benefificial to the recovery of language function in patients with aphasia.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Brain ; pathology ; Electroacupuncture ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Physiological

The innate immune system is essential for the initial detection of invading viruses and subsequent activation of adaptive immunity. Three types pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immune cells play a pivotal role in the first line of host defense system. PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors(RLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs). PRRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to initiate and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Three types PRRs have their own features in ligand recognition and cellular location. Activated PRRs deliver signals to adaptor molecules (MyD88, TRIF, IRAK, IPS-1), which act as important messengers to activate downstream kinases (IKK complex, MAPKs, TBK1, RIP-1) and transcription factors (NF-kappaB, AP-1, IRF3), which produce effected molecules including cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory enzymes, and type I interferons. This review focuses on discussing PRRs signaling pathways and achievements in this field in order to provide beneficial strategies for human life and immune diseases prevention.
Animals ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Virus Diseases ; immunology ; metabolism ; virology ; Virus Physiological Phenomena

No abstract available.
Face ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Human ; Sociology, Medical ; Facial Expression ; Facial Muscles ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Species Specificity

Heart sound is a physiological parameter with individual characteristics generated by heart beat. To do the individual classification and recognition, in this paper, we present our study of using wavelet transform in the signal denoising, with the Mel-Frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) as the feature parameters, and propose a research of reducing the dimensionality through principal components analysis (PCA). We have done the preliminary study to test the feasibility of biometric identification method using heart sound. The results showed that under the selected experimental conditions, the system could reach a 90% recognition rate. This study can provide a reference for further research.
Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Heart Sounds ; physiology ; Humans ; Individuality ; Pattern Recognition, Physiological ; physiology ; Principal Component Analysis ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

This study explored the possibility of using event-related potentials (ERP) for the measurement of picture-recognition memory and examined its correlation with the Chinese Wechsler Memory Scale-revised (WMS-RC) in patients with memory disorder caused by severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). The subjects included 20 sTBI patients with memory disorder and 22 healthy individuals. Memory function was measured by using WMS-RC. Behavioral and ERP responses were recorded on-line during performance on a battery of picture recognition and the responses were analyzed off-line for recognition memory effects. Mean memory quotient (MQ) of patients with sTBI was significantly lower than that of the control group. Mean reaction time (RT) was significantly longer and the mean correctness rate (CR) of picture recognition was significantly lower in sTBI group than that of the controls. In controls, the main components of average ERP of picture recognition includes two positive-going waves, designated as P(170) and P(500), that appear 170 ms and 500 ms after stimulation when the subject could later successfully recall and recognize the pictures. P(500) amplitude of target stimulus was significantly higher than that of non-target stimulus. Compared to controls, P(500) responses of sTBI group were significantly delayed in latency (P<0.001) and lower in amplitude (P<0.001). P(500) latency showed significant negative correlation with MQ and the scores of "addition", "visual recognition", "picture recall", "visual reproduction" and "tactile memory" in WMS-RC. ERP of picture recognition provides a neurophysiological approach to directly assess memory impairment, and P(500) may serve as a helpful index for memory disorder caused by sTBI in forensic practice.
Brain Injuries/*complications ; Case-Control Studies ; Evoked Potentials/*physiology ; Memory Disorders/*etiology ; Memory Disorders/*physiopathology ; Pattern Recognition, Physiological/*physiology ; Wechsler Scales ; Young Adult

The method of event-related potentials (ERP) was used to study the gender difference in face recognition. The stimuli in the experiment were 10 upright and 10 inverted face photos. The subjects, half female and half male, were asked to judge whether the face was upright or inverted. The results showed that the N170 wave forms were observed in the occipito-temporal regions and they were found exhibiting brain's right hemispheric dominance. The stimuli of different gender photos were noticed to have no significant impact on the N170 wave forms, but there were significant differentce in the amplitude and latency period of N170 between different gender participants. Moreover, there was marked difference in the latency period of the male participants watching the same gender face and different gender face. Similar results were not found in the ERP's latency period of female participants.
Adult ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Face ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Form Perception ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; physiology ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult

A modified "cross-modal delayed response" paradigm was used to investigate whether the visual mismatch negativity can be elicited by cartoon facial expressions, and to define the mechanism underlying automatic processing of facial expressions. Subjects taking part in the tests were instructed to discriminate the type of the tones they heard as quickly and accurately as possible, and to act merely when they heard the response imperative signal. Neutral, happy and angry faces were presented during intervals between a tone and a response imperative signal. Visual mismatch negativity (VMMN) was obtained by subtracting the event - related potential (ERP) elicited by neutral faces from that elicited by happy faces or angry faces. The angry-related VMMN was more negative than happy-related VMMN, and both were more negative in the left than in the right cerebral hemisphere. The results indicated that VMMN can be elicited by the cartoon facial expressions, and the facial expressions can be processed automatically.
Adult ; Brain ; physiology ; Cartoons as Topic ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; physiology ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Visual Perception ; physiology ; Young Adult