INTRODUCTIONPathological gambling has been defined as a persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behaviour that disrupts personal, family and work life. The present study reports on the sociodemographic features, gambling activity, comorbidity and legal problems in a sample of 150 pathological gamblers who sought treatment from the Community Addiction Management Programme (CAMP), Singapore over a 4-year period from 2002 to 2006.

MATERIALS AND METHODSData were collected on 150 consecutive subjects who sought treatment at CAMP. Patients were administered a semi-structured interview to elicit demographic data, age of onset, family history, onset games and types of games ever played, largest debt incurred due to gambling, triggers, illegal activities and suicidal attempts by their counsellor. Patients were then assessed by the clinicians to establish the primary and comorbid diagnoses.

RESULTSThe mean age of the subjects was 42.5 [standard deviation (SD) 10.2] years. The majority of them were males (87.3%) and of Chinese origin (97.3%). The most common comorbid disorders were mood disorders (n = 22, 14.7%), substance abuse (n = 11, 7.3%) and alcohol abuse or dependence (n = 7, 4.7%). Sixteen (10.7%) subjects had a history of suicidal attempts which had been precipitated by gambling-related issues.

CONCLUSIONSPathological gambling in our subjects appears to be associated with significant comorbidity and financial problems. These are the preliminary findings and further research is needed regarding the phenomenology, profile, course and response to treatment of pathological gambling disorders.

Adult ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Gambling ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mood Disorders ; epidemiology ; Singapore

BACKGROUND: The trans-tracheal rapid insufflation of oxygen (TRIO) device is less commonly used and is an alternative to trans-tracheal jet ventilation for maintaining oxygenation in a “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” (CICO) scenario. CASE: We report the successful use of this device to maintain oxygenation after jet ventilator failure in a parturient who presented with the CICO scenario during the procedure for excision of laryngeal papilloma. CONCLUSIONS: A stepwise approach to the airway plan and preparation for an event of failure is essential for good materno-fetal outcomes. The TRIO device may result in inadequate ventilation that can lead to hypercarbia and respiratory acidosis. Hence, it should only be used as a temporizing measure before a definitive airway can be secured.
Acidosis, Respiratory ; Airway Management ; Airway Obstruction ; Anesthesia, Obstetrical ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation ; Insufflation ; Oxygen ; Papilloma ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

BACKGROUND: The trans-tracheal rapid insufflation of oxygen (TRIO) device is less commonly used and is an alternative to trans-tracheal jet ventilation for maintaining oxygenation in a “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” (CICO) scenario.CASE: We report the successful use of this device to maintain oxygenation after jet ventilator failure in a parturient who presented with the CICO scenario during the procedure for excision of laryngeal papilloma. CONCLUSIONS A stepwise approach to the airway plan and preparation for an event of failure is essential for good materno-fetal outcomes. The TRIO device may result in inadequate ventilation that can lead to hypercarbia and respiratory acidosis. Hence, it should only be used as a temporizing measure before a definitive airway can be secured.

INTRODUCTIONTraditional Chinese Medicine or Traditional Complementary Medicine (TCM) is commonly used in our culture. There are several concerns regarding its use in patients undergoing conventional treatments for breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of TCM use among our breast cancer patients, and to identify patients who were most likely to choose TCM.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 300 patients on active follow-up with Breast Service at Tan Tock Seng Hospital were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.

RESULTSA total of 35% (104 of 296) of patients reported using TCM. The majority of the patients were introduced to TCM by family and friends following the diagnosis of breast cancer. All except 3 patients continued with recommended conventional therapy although most did not inform their clinicians of TCM use. None of the patients reported any serious adverse events and 75% of them perceived a benefit from TCM use. Younger patients and those of Chinese ethnicity were more likely to use TCM (P <0.01 and P = 0.03 respectively). There was no significant difference in the dialect group, religious beliefs and educational level between the 2 groups (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONTCM use is common among our breast cancer patients, particularly the younger women. However, most patients do not inform their clinicians of TCM use while on recommended conventional therapies. It is therefore important for clinicians to initiate discussions regarding TCM use in order to be aware of potential unwanted drug interactions.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Medical Oncology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; utilization ; Middle Aged

Objective: To examine the wound healing properties of eicosane, pentadecane and palmitic acid by evaluating in term of anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis. Methods: Anti-microbial activities of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated by carrying out disk diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. Growth rate of tested bacteria was also evaluated for 8 h in conjunction with the sample drugs. Besides, U937 cell lines were used as model study for realtime mRNA genes expression studies of TNF-α and IL-12 under the treatment. Proliferation, migration and collagen content synthesis were carried out on human dermal fibroblast. Results: None of the sample drugs possessed significant inhibition of bacteria tested in this study both in disk diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. In contrary, significantly low expressed mRNA gene expression levels of TNF-α and IL-12 were found under the treatment of respective drugs. Meanwhile in proliferation, migration and hydroxyproline content analysis, all the sample drugs showed no significant positive stimulation. Conclusions: This study therefore explains that apart from their potential in downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, these three compounds which were examined individually may not be good candidates in promoting wound healing.