Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are being increasingly employed in patients suffering from cardiac rhythm disturbances. The principal objective of this article is to familiarize radiologists with pacemakers and ICDs on chest radiographs and CT scans. Therefore, the preferred lead positions according to pacemaker types and anatomic variants are introduced in this study. Additionally, the imaging features of incorrect lead positions and defects, as well as complications subsequent to pacemaker implantation are demonstrated herein.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; *Defibrillators, Implantable/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects ; *Radiography, Thoracic ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed