Using nested PCR with the specific primers for gag gene and the sequencing data from blood samples of HIV patients, we demonstrated that subtype E is also very common in the Northern area of Vietnam. This method can be applied for the cloning of HIV genes and molecular epidemiology of HIV-l in Vietnam.
HIV ; Genes ; Patients ; Classification

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to revise the KPCS-1 and to standardize the three patient classification systems for general ward, ICU and NICU. The actual utilization of the KPCS-1 score and each nursing activity was evaluated and the relationships between KPCS-1 score and nursing related variables were reviewed. METHODS: The 47,711 KPCS-1 scores of 6,931 patients who discharged from 1st to 30th April 2017 were analyzed and the statistical significance between KPCS-1 score and nursing related variables was reviewed by Generalized Estimating Equation. The revision of the KPCS-1 was carried out by Partial Least Square model. The 3 patient classification systems (KPCS-1,KPCSC and KPCSN) were standardized by professional reviews. RESULTS: KPCS-1 was a valid instrument to express nursing condition adequately and was revised as a new version which has 34 nursing activity items. The names and terminologies of pre-existing 3 patient classification systems developed by KHNA were standardized as KPCS-GW, KPCS-ICU, KPCS-NICU. CONCLUSION: KPCS-1 was a valid instrument to represent diverse nursing conditions precisely and was revised as a 34-item KPCS-GW. The terminologies of the other patient classification systems by KHNA were standardized as KPCS-ICU and KPCS-NICU.
Classification ; Humans ; Nursing ; Patients' Rooms

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to classify the elderly in long-term care facilities using the Resource Utilization Group(RUG-III) and to examine the feasibility of a payment method based on the RUG-III classification system in Korea. METHOD: This study measured resident characteristics using a Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set(RAI-MDS) and staff time. Data was collected from 530 elderly residents over sixty, residing in long-term care facilities. Resource use for individual patients was measured by a wage-weighted sum of staff time and the total time spent with the patient by nurses, aides, and physiotherapists. RESULT: The subjects were classified into 4 groups out of 7 major groups. The group of Clinically Complex was the largest (46.3%), and then Reduced Physical Function(27.2%), Behavior Problems (17.0%), and Impaired Cognition (9.4%) followed. Homogeneity of the RUG-III groups was examined by total coefficient of variation of resource use. The results showed homogeneity of resource use within RUG-III groups. Also, the difference in resource use among RUG major groups was statistically significant (p<0.001), and it also showed a hierarchy pattern as resource use increases in the same RUG group with an increase of severity levels(ADL). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the RUG-III classification system differentiates resources provided to elderly in long-term care facilities in Korea.
Aged ; Female ; Health Resources/*utilization ; Homes for the Aged/*economics ; Humans ; Korea ; Long-Term Care/*economics ; Male ; Nursing Homes/*economics ; Patients/*classification ; *Prospective Payment System

The definition of a "good" psychiatrist has varied over the past decades due to changing roles of psychiatrists. Studies on the qualities of "good" psychiatrists have been completed in many countries. However, no such study has been undertaken in Korea. In Korea, recent growing interest in psychiatry demands the identification of qualities for a good psychiatrist. The purpose of this study was to define the qualities of a good psychiatrist in Korea, subsequently facilitating the improvement of psychiatric training programs. The questionnaire was based on a Singaporean survey with the permission from the original authors. Respondents were divided into patient group and psychiatrist group. The 40-item questionnaire contained items grouped into four themes: Professional, Personal Values, Academic Executive and Relationship. Of the four themes, both patient and psychiatrist groups considered Professional as the most important, whereas Academic Executive as the least important. The mean scores for all items of each theme in the patient group were higher than those in the psychiatrist group, reflecting higher expectations for good psychiatrist in the patient group. Patients emphasized Relationship more than psychiatrists did. It is concluded that a good psychiatrist in Korea can be defined as "a good communicator and listener with a professional manner, who respects confidentiality and has good doctor-patient relationships."
Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patients/*psychology ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Physicians/*psychology ; Psychiatry/*classification ; Republic of Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translating

The Kaeseong Industrial District (KID) is a special economic zone that is being managed in partnership by North Korea and South Korea. The Kaeseong Industrial District Medical Clinic (KIDMC) was founded to deliver healthcare services to South Korean workers staying at the KID. The purpose of this study is to understand the clinical manifestations of the patients who visited the KIDMC from January 2013 to November 2014. All data were collected by analyzing the medical records of the patients. Gender, age, vital signs, and causes of visits were collected. The causes of visits to the clinic were categorized according to the Korean Standard Classification of Causes of Death and Disease, 6th edition. Information about the patients who underwent emergency evacuation from the KID to South Korea was reviewed in depth. The number of patients included in this study was 1,199. The total number of clinic visits was 2,548 and 3,873 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The most common reason for a visit was respiratory problems (34.99%). During the study period, 103 patients underwent emergency evacuation from the KID during the study period. The most common reason for evacuation was trauma (20.39%). The mean time of emergency evacuation from the KIDMC to the southern office of Customs, Immigration and Quarantine was 176 minutes. We concluded that the KIDMC must obtain medical equipment and human resources for patients with various health conditions. Furthermore, equipment and medical staff should be obtained, and a system established, for fast, safe evacuation. We expect that this study provides information that would be valuable for such efforts.
Ambulatory Care ; Cause of Death ; Classification ; Delivery of Health Care ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emigration and Immigration ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Medical Staff ; Quarantine ; Transportation of Patients ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: The existing triage systems for trauma at prehospital field sites have limitations when applied to various nontraumatic conditions at hospitals and show disagreement in inter- or intra-rater assessments. The purpose of study was to develop a simple and objective triage tool which could be applied to both traumatic and non-traumatic patients and would reduce the rate of disagreement in inter- or intra-rater assessments by using a computerized system. METHODS: A prospective study was designed to evaluate the characteristics and the outcomes of patients who visited Korea University Emergency Medical Center between April 1 and May 31, 2002. The observed parameters were age, sex, AVPU scale, mode of visit, and vital signs including blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature. The patient's outcome, which reflected the severity of condition, was expressed on the basis of progress, including home discharge, admission to general ward, and admission to intensive care unit (ICU) or death. RESULTS: Of the 3,242 patients enrolled in the study, 724 were traumatic patients, and 2518 were non-traumatic patients. The accuracy rate between the actual and the calculated classification of a patient's outcome for all patients was 66.2% for discharge, 64.1% for admission to general ward, 30.6% for admission to ICU or death. The corresponding numbers for non-traumatic patients were 70.3%, 70.6%, 32.1%, and those for traumatic patients were 61.3%, 52.5%, 29.8%. CONCLUSION: The Computerized Triage System provides a useful guideline to classify patients into two groups (discharge vs admission), especially in non-traumatic conditions, but it has limitations for classifying into critically ill patients.
Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Classification ; Critical Illness ; Discriminant Analysis ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Patients' Rooms ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory Rate ; Triage* ; Vital Signs

On 26 December 2004, a huge tsunami struck the coasts of South Asian countries and it resulted in 29,729 deaths and 16,665 injuries in Sri Lanka. This study characterizes the epidemiology, clinical data and time course of the medical problems seen by a Korean disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) during its deployment in Sri Lanka, from 2 to 8 January 2005. The team consisting of 20 surgical and medical personnel began to provide care 7 days after tsunami in the southern part of Sri Lanka, the Matara and Hambantota districts. During this period, a total of 2,807 patients visited our field clinics with 3,186 chief complaints. Using the triage and refer system, we performed 3,231 clinical examinations and made 3,259 diagnoses. The majority of victims had medical problems (82.4%) rather than injuries (17.6%), and most conditions (92.1%) were mild enough to be discharged after simple management. There were also substantial needs of surgical managements even in the second week following the tsunami. Our study also suggests that effective triage system, self-sufficient preparedness, and close collaboration with local authorities may be the critical points for the foreign DMAT activity.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asia, Southeastern ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Geography ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; International Cooperation ; Korea ; Male ; *Medical Assistance ; Middle Aged ; *Natural Disasters ; Patients/classification/*statistics & numerical data ; *Relief Work ; Retrospective Studies ; Sri Lanka