Atherosclerosis plaque is the underline cause of ischemic stroke and acute coronary syndrome. In this article, the applications of molecular imaging in vulnerable plaque are reviewed.
Atherosclerosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Molecular Imaging ; methods

Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Pathology, Molecular ; methods ; Precision Medicine

Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Pathology, Molecular ; methods ; trends ; Pathology, Surgical ; methods ; trends ; Translational Medical Research

Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Genes, Neoplasm ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Pathology, Molecular ; methods ; Precision Medicine ; methods

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) refers to sudden stop of breath and heartbeat and death within one hour caused by underlying cardiac diseases. Clinical manifestation of inherited arrhythmia is lethal arrhythmia without gross cardiac lesions, which can lead to SCD. The autopsy and pathological examination are difficult to identify the cause of death. Fatal mechanism of inherited arrhythmia is the change in the genes encoding for cardiac ion channel protein, which causes the dysfunctions of cardiac electrical activity. It is very important to detect genetic mutation by the technique of molecular biology in negative autopsy. This review presents the latest research on the relation between SCD and inherited arrhythmia, and the application of molecular autopsy used in identifying SCD due to inherited arrhythmia and its candidate gene.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/pathology* ; Autopsy/methods* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology* ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pathology, Molecular

Autopsy ; China ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Molecular Biology ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; methods ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods ; organization & administration

Female ; Humans ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology* ; Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology* ; Molecular Typing/methods*

The aim of this research was to explore the most optimal method of DNA extraction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, and to improve the amplification of long fragments with the method. Three methods, one step method, phenol-chloroform extraction method, and genomic DNA purification kit method, were employed to extract DNA from twenty normal thyroid tissues which were fixed with formalin and embedded with paraffin. The highest proportionality of OD260/OD280 in the examples was obtained by phenol-chloroform extraction method, 1.703 +/- 0.086, compared to the results of the other two methods. As for the long DNA segments amplification, the achievement ratio of one step method, phenol-chloroform extraction method and genomic DNA purification kit method were 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively, by traditional PCR method, but 0%, 95% and 85% respectively by the nest PCR. We have found that the best process of extracting DNA from FFPE is digesting by proteinase K and purifying by phenol-chloroform, and it is effective to amplify long DNA segments from FFPE by nest PCR.
Base Sequence ; DNA ; isolation & purification ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paraffin Embedding ; Pathology, Molecular ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Gland ; pathology ; Tissue Fixation

Fragile X mental retardation 1 is the gene underlying fragile X syndrome (FXS). Its product, fragile X mental retardation protein, is closely involved with development of brain and neurons. PCR and Southern blotting have been the major methods for laboratory diagnosis of FXS. In this article, the progress in the molecular diagnosis of FXS is reviewed.
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein ; genetics ; Fragile X Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Pathology, Molecular ; methods

Methods for imaging the molecular or cellular profile of tissue are being developed for all forms of non-invasive cardiovascular imaging. It is thought that these technologies will potentially improve patient outcomes by allowing diagnosis of disease at an early-stage, monitoring disease progression, providing important information on patient risk, and for tailoring therapy to the molecular basis of disease. Molecular imaging is also already assuming an important role in science by providing a better understanding of the molecular basis of cardiovascular pathology, for assessing response to new therapies, and for rapidly optimizing new or established therapies. Ultrasound-based molecular imaging is one of these new approaches. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging relies on the detection of novel site-targeted microbubbles (MB) or other acoustically active particles which are administered by intravenous injection, circulate throughout the vascular compartment, and are then retained and imaged within regions of disease by ligand-directed binding. The technique is thought to be advantageous in practical terms of cost, time, and ease of use. The aim of this review is to discuss the molecular participants of cardiovascular disease that have been targeted for ultrasound imaging, general features of site-targeted MB, imaging protocols, and potential roles of ultrasound molecular imaging in cardiovascular research and clinical medicine.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Clinical Medicine ; Diagnosis ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Methods ; Microbubbles ; Molecular Imaging* ; Pathology ; Ultrasonography*