Pasteurella dagmatis is an oxidase and catalase positive, facultative anaerobic, gram-negative coccobacillus classified as a member of the family Pasteurellaceae. Pasteurella species are commonly colonizing the oropharynx of healthy domestic and wild animals including cats and dogs. These are usually pathogenic to domestic animals, but rarely to human beings. Pasteurella infection of human causes pneumonia, empyema, meningitis, peritonitis, bone and joint infection and septicemia. Recently, we experienced a case of dog-bite wounds from which Pasteurella dagmatis was isolated in a 39-year-old woman. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Pasteurella dagmatis isolated from dog-bite wounds in Korea.
Adult ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Animals, Wild ; Catalase ; Cats ; Colon ; Dogs ; Empyema ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Korea ; Meningitis ; Oropharynx ; Oxidoreductases ; Pasteurella Infections ; Pasteurella* ; Pasteurellaceae ; Peritonitis ; Pneumonia ; Sepsis ; Wounds and Injuries*

Bacteremia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Mannheimia haemolytica ; Pasteurellaceae Infections ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

A not pregnant 4-year-old Jersey cow was presented with the sudden appearance of respiratory noise, nasal discharge and moderate respiratory difficulty. Upon physical examination a snoring-like noise, extended head and neck position, exaggerated abdominal effort, bilateral nasal discharge and left prescapular lymph node enlargement were noted. Sub-occlusion of the initial portion of the respiratory tract was suspected. Radiographic and endoscopic examinations revealed a pedunculate mass on the dorsal aspect of the rhinopharynx, which was removed with endoscopically assisted electrosurgery. Histologic examination revealed a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation with eosinophilic club-like bodies surrounding small colonies of rod-shaped bacteria. Results of histochemical staining were consistent with Actinobacillus-like bacteria and a diagnosis of respiratory actinobacillosis was reached. Surgery and antibiotic therapy were resolutive, as demonstated by an endoscopic check at the second month after surgery, even without the association of the traditional iodine cure, which is regarded as the treatment of choice for actinobacillosis.
Actinobacillosis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology/surgery ; Actinobacillus/physiology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; Female ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/pathology/surgery/*veterinary ; Treatment Outcome

The molecular characteristics of 44 H. influenzae strains were isolated from children with bacterial meningitis and 37 strains were isolated from children with acute respiratory infection were investigated. Of the 37 H. influenzae isolates from nasopharyngeal aspirates (NA), the serotype of 30 isolates were nontypeable, 4 were type b, 2 were type c and one was type a. Whereas those of 44 isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were all type b. Twenty-six (70.3%) from NA and 23 strains from CSF were beta lactamase-producing, and the remaining strains were beta lactamase negative. PCR analysis to identify the resistant genes indicates 25 strains from NA and 21 strains from CSF had TEM-l-type-beta lactamase gene, 11 strains from NA and 22 strains from CSF lack all resistant genes, and each strain from NA and CSF had TEM-l-type beta lactamase gene and fts I gene with the same substitution as the low -betalactamase-negative ampicillin resistant (low-BLNAR) strain. No BLNAR strain was found. The MICs against 16 antibiotics between isolates from NA and CSF were similar except for penicillin G and ampicillin.
Haemophilus influenza ; Pediatrics ; Meningitis ; Bacterial Infections

Since the implementation of conjugate Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccine, the rate of infections caused by Hib has dramatically decreased, and the proportion of infections caused by non-type b H. influenzae has increased. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is rare; however, it should be considered as a potential complication of bacterial meningitis. Herein, we report about a child who developed CVST after being diagnosed with H. influenzae serotype f meningitis.
Bacteremia ; Central Nervous System Infections ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Haemophilus influenzae type b ; Haemophilus influenzae ; Haemophilus ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Meningitis, Haemophilus ; Sepsis ; Serogroup ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) has been one of the most common causes of invasive bacterial infections in the young children during the pre-vaccine era. The polysaccharide vaccine developed in the 1970s was composed of the capsular polysaccharide of Hib. The polysaccharide vaccine was not not effective in children younger than 2 years old those who are the highest risk group. In the 1980s, the protein conjugate vaccine was developed employing diphtheria toxoid, tetanus taxoid or outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis as carrier proteins. The protein conjugate protein is highly effective in young infants. In countries where Hib conjugate vaccine is included in routine immunization, Hib disease is almost eradicated. The incidence and spectrum of Hib disease vary among different countries. The incidence of Hib diseases among Korean infants and young children is lower compared to those of western countries; the incidence of Hib meningitis in children under 5 years of age is around 10 per 100,000 per year, compared to around 50 in the United States and 20-30 in the European countries. Immunogenicity of Hib vaccine in Korean infants is very good and the responsiveness of Korean infants to Hib vaccine vaccine is better than that of the U.S. infants, which may has implication for the apparently lower incidence of Hib disease in Korean children. Hib vaccine was introduced in the early 1990s, and has been recommended for high risk children and used as an optional vaccine among healthy infants. Hib vaccine is not included in the National Immunization Program yet, but the Committee on Infectious Disease, Korean Pediatric Society, have decided to include the Hib vaccine in the routine immunization program in 2008. Hib vaccine should be included in the National Immunization Program in the near future and a surveillance system for Hib disease should be established.
Bacterial Infections ; Carrier Proteins ; Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Diphtheria Toxoid ; Haemophilus ; Haemophilus influenzae ; Haemophilus influenzae type b ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Infant ; Influenza, Human ; Membrane Proteins ; Meningitis ; Neisseria meningitidis ; Tetanus ; United States

OBJECTIVETo characterize the incidence, epidemiologic features, etiologic agents and sequelae of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age in Nanning, Guangxi.

METHODSA population-based surveillance was conducted to evaluate children with signs and symptoms of meningitis. All hospitals, township health centers and village clinics in the surveillance area were structured to participate in the case referral and evaluation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood specimens were obtained and processed using standardized microbiologic methods.

RESULTSDuring the 26-month surveillance period, among the children under 5 years old, a total of 1272 cases who met the screening criteria of meningitis were studied. 265 of 1272 cases were identified as clinically diagnosed meningitis, with an incidence rate of 86.36 per 100 000 population. The annual incidence rate under the 38 cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis appeared to be 12.38/100 000. Staphylococcus species accounted for the largest proportion of laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis, followed by E. coli and S. pneumoniae. The highest attack rate occurred in neonates < 1 month, followed by children aged 1 - 12 months in the confirmed patients. Meningitis caused by Sp and Hi mainly occurred in children aged 1 - 12 months. All cases of meningitis due to Hi and Sp were children aged 1 - 24 months. 13.16% and 0.00% of the cases survived with complications and sequelae, and the case-fatality rate was 18.42%. 40 bacterial isolates were identified from 1193 blood cultures and 23 from 1211 cerebrospinal fluid samples, but no Neisseria meningitidis was found.

CONCLUSIONMeningitis due to Hi was first confirmed in Guangxi with the incidence of 0.98 per 100 000 population. The annual incidence rate of confirmed bacterial meningitis was 12.38 per 100 000, which was considered an important public health problem in children. Staphylococci was the predominant pathogen in confirmed bacterial meningitis.

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Meningitis, Escherichia coli ; epidemiology ; Meningitis, Haemophilus ; epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Staphylococcal Infections ; epidemiology

Protermycin, the first molecular synthetic of tetracycline and chloramphenicol, has been given trial in 28 patients: acute gonococcal urethritis 10, nongonococcal urethritis 7, acute cystitis 6, chancroid 1 and postoperative cases 4. The doses ranged from 300 to 600 me daily. From this study, it was found that Protermycin proved itself to be most effective in nongonococcal urethritis which could not be treated satisfactorily by other antibiotics. Of 28 cases, 25 showed good result. The remaining 3 cases failed to respond.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chancroid ; Chloramphenicol ; Cystitis ; Humans ; Tetracycline ; Urethritis

A clinical survey on the condyloma acuminatum in the army was carried out during the period of 16 months from July, 1976 to Dec., 1977 by means of ready-made chart and questionare. This study concems a series of 100 maIe patients treated in the ROK Army Hospital. The result can be summarized as follows: 1. 91% of the patients were between the age of 21 and 25, the commonest age being 24(31%) years. The average age was 23.6 years. 86%. of the patients experienced their first sexual contact between the age of 18 and 22, the commonest age being 20 (22%) and 2l(22%) years. The average age was 20years. 2. Predilection sites of the condyloma acuminatum were coronal sulcus (32%), perianal region(22%), glans penis(7%), urethral meatus(7%) and prepuce(4%) 3. Barmaid (58%) was the most frequently suspected sources of prsent infectian and other suspected sources were the prostitute (15%) and the lover (7%). 4. Among the 100 cases of condyloma acuminatum, 78 cases (78%) faund. their skin lesion 1 to 6 months after sexual contact and 49 cases (49%) found it within 8 months. Average incubation period was 3. 7 months. 5. Thirty two cases (32%) of condyloma acuminatum had a past history of other STD and 18 casea (18%) had other coincidently combined STD which were composed of syphilis (15%), urethritis (2%) and chancroid (1% ).
Chancroid ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Sex Workers ; Skin ; Syphilis ; Urethritis

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae), the causative agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), is a significant pathogen of the world pig industry, vaccination is potentially an effective tool for the prevention of PCP. The purpose of present study was to enhance the immunogenicity of A. pleuropneumoniae live vaccine strain HB04C- (serovar 7), which was unable to express ApxIA, and to develop effective multivalent vaccines for the respiratory pathogens based on the attenuated A. pleuropneumoniae. We introduced a shuttle vector containing intact apxIA gene into HB04C-, generating HB04C2, an A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 live attenuated vaccine strain co-expressing ApxIA. Then we investigated the biological characteristics of HB04C2. We found that the shuttle vector expressing ApxIA was stable in HB04C2, and the growth ability of HB04C2 was not affected by the shuttle vector. We observed that HB04C2 elicited detectable antibodies against ApxIA and ApxIIA when it was administrated intratracheally as a live vaccine in pigs, and all immunized pigs were protected from heterologous virulent A. pleuropneumoniae (serovar 1) challenge. In conclusion, we demonstrated that A. pleuropneumoniae live vaccine could be used as a vector for expression of heterologous antigens.
Actinobacillus Infections ; prevention & control ; veterinary ; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ; classification ; immunology ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Bacterial Vaccines ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Hemolysin Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Pleuropneumonia ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; biosynthesis ; immunology