Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a clinico-pathologic entity caused by increased proliferation and activation of benign macrophages with haemophagocytosis throughout the reticulo-endothelial system. Virus-associated HLH is a well-recognised entity. Although majority of parvovirus B19 associated HLH does not require any specific treatment and carries good prognosis, outcome of children is worse than adults. We report here a case of HLH associated with acute parvovirus B19 infection in a young healthy patient with underlying hereditary spherocytosis, with bone marrow findings typical of parvovirus infection. Although this patient had spontaneous recovery of cell counts, he succumbed due to complication from prolonged ventilation. Unexpectedly, his immunoglobulin levels were inappropriately normal despite on-going ventilator associated pneumonia, which reflects inadequate humoral immune response towards infection.
Parvovirus

No abstract available.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis* ; Parvovirus*

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms responsible for the disturbed hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) include the expansion of abnormal clones, defects in cellular differentiation and the perturbation in the production of hematopoietic regulatory factors. Recently, viral infection such as immunodeficiency virus is known to induce myelodysplasia. And viral infection evokes the production of several cytokines. Therefore, abnormal production of cytokine may be a potential candidate for the pathogenesis of MDS after viral infections such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human parvovirus B19. METHODS: We investigated bone marrow aspiration slides from 17 patients with MDS referred for the bone marrow study, over a period from January, 1992 to April, 1996. To clarify the contribution of EBV and human parvovirus B19 infections to the pathogenesis of MDS, DNA-PCR for EBV and human parvovirus B19 was used. RESULTS: The EBV and human parvovirus B19-PCR results were all negative in 17 patients with MDS. CONCLUSIONS: EBV and human parvovirus B19 infections may not be associated with the major pathogenesis of MDS.
Bone Marrow ; Clone Cells ; Cytokines ; Hematopoiesis ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans* ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Parvovirus ; Parvovirus B19, Human*

Humans ; Parvoviridae Infections ; virology ; Parvovirus B19, Human ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology

Clinical characteristics of papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome consist of a purpuric erythema affecting the hands and feet in a gloves and stocking distribution. It is sometimes associated with fever and oral lesions. The disease is self-limiting and resolves within 1 to 2 weeks. Serological studies have shown that there is an association with parvovirus B19 infection in most patients affected by this syndrome. We report a case of gloves and socks syndrome in a 21-year-old female. She had a 4-day history of papular-purpuric eruptions of the hands and feet in a gloves-and-socks distribution. She also complained of fever(up to 39C) during the first 2 or 3 days of clinical onset. The oral mucosa was normal and there were no palpable lymph nodes. Laboratory and histopathological findings were non-specific. However, human parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in the serum by a polymerase chain reaction. Systemic manifestations were transient and disappeared within a few days, whereas the skin lesions resolved gradually over a period of 2 weeks.
DNA ; Erythema ; Female ; Fever ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mouth Mucosa ; Parvovirus ; Parvovirus B19, Human ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin ; Young Adult

Genotype ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; Humans ; Parvoviridae Infections ; complications ; virology ; Parvovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Parvovirus B19, Human ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVE: The association of parvovirus B19 infection with many rheumatologic disease, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, polymyositis has been suggested, although the exact relationship between the infection and these disorders is not understood. Several cases of fibromyalgia have been reported after parvovirus B19 infection, but systemic investigation of parvovirus B19 infection in Korean patients with fibromyalgia has not been performed. This study was designed to investigate the clinical significance of human parvovirus B19 infection in Korean patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Serum from 54 patients with fibromyalgia and 61 age and sex matched healthy controls were tested for IgM and IgG anti-parvovirus B19 antibodies by two different commercially available ELISA kits and presence of parovovirus B19 DNA was measured by PCR. RESUTLS: IgM antibodies to parvovirus B19 were detected 1 fibromyalgia patient in one assay and 1 patient in the other assay. No controls had positive IgM antibodies. No difference was seen between fibromyalgia patients and controls with the IgG andtibodies to parvovirus B19 in two different assays. Parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in 3 fibromyalgia patients, but not in controls. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that fibromyalgia could be triggerd by parvovirus B19 infection, but parvovirus B19 is unlikely to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Korean patients with fibromyalgia.
Antibodies ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; DNA ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibromyalgia* ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Parvovirus ; Parvovirus B19, Human* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymyositis ; Sjogren's Syndrome

BACKGROUND: The pathogenic human parvovirus B19 is the etiologic agent of erythema infectiosum and causes other events including aplastic crisis,hydrops fetalis and fetal loss.Recently,it has been reported in many articles that human parvovirus B19 infection is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).In contrast to these reports from the United Kingdom,Germany,Japan and China,different results were reported that there is no association between human parvovirus B19 and the pathogenesis of RA in Northern Ireland,Finland and France.This study aimed to investigate the association between human parvovirus B19 and RA in Korea. METHODS: Sera from 104 patients with RA,40 with osteoarthritis (OA)and 32 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)were tested for IgG and IgM of human parvovirus B19 by ELISA (Biotrin),respectively. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences among RA,OA and SLE patients in both anti-human parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM (p>0.05).Human parvovirus B19 IgM was positive in only four RA patients and negative in all SLE and OA patients. CONCLUSION: Human parvovirus B19 infection showed no association with RA in Korea,which is different from reports from other countries,especially Japan and China which are our neighbors.We thought that this result was due to the ethnic or national differences of baseline titer of anti-human parvovirus B19.Therefore anti-human parvovirus B19 test for RA patients is not necessary in Korea.In conclusion,we suggest that the indication and interpretation of anti-human parvovirus B19 testing in RA patients should be applied differently for each nation.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; China ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Erythema Infectiosum ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Japan ; Korea* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Osteoarthritis ; Parvovirus ; Parvovirus B19, Human*

BACKGROUND: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is one of the smallest DNA viruses and shows great resistance to most disinfectants. Therefore, it is one of the common contaminant pathogens present in blood and plasma products. Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a newly identified parvovirus, which is also prevalent in parenteral transmission. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of B19V and PARV4 DNA among patients with hemophilia in Birjand County in eastern Iran. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study comprising nearly all people with hemophilia in this region. Whole blood samples were taken after patient registration and sent for plasma isolation. After nucleic acid extraction, B19V was detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction, PARV4 DNA was then detected using sensitive semi-nested PCR. RESULTS: In total, there were 86 patients with hemophilia, with mean age 28.5±1.5 years. Of these, 90.7% were men and 9.3% women; 84.9% had hemophilia A and 7.0% had hemophilia B. We found 11 patients (12.8%) were positive for B19V DNA and 8 were positive (9.3%) for PARV4 DNA. The prevalence of B19V was higher in middle-aged groups rather than younger people, whereas PARV4 infection was more common in younger patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of B19V and PARV4 infection in this high-risk group of patients with hemophilia. Due to the clinical significance of the B19 virus, imposing more precautionary measures for serum and blood products is recommended.
Disinfectants ; DNA ; DNA Viruses ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Hemophilia A* ; Hemophilia B ; Humans* ; Iran ; Male ; Parvovirus B19, Human* ; Parvovirus* ; Plasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program for the wild animals in rabies risk regions of Korea has been conducted since 2000. Evaluation of ORV program under field condition and information concerning the incidence of exposure to canine distemper and canine parvovirus (CPV) are needed in wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). Ninety four sera of wild raccoon dogs were screened for antibodies against rabies, canine distemper virus (CDV) and CPV in Korea. The overall prevalence of antibodies against rabies virus (RABV), CDV and CPV in wild raccoon dogs was 35.1%, 89.4% and 24.5%, respectively. Comparisons of sero-prevalences of RABV, CDV and CPV were assayed in two regions (Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do). The Gyeonggi-do (36.4%) showed higher sero-positive rate against CPV than Gangwon-do (20.8%). In contrast, Gangwon-do (41.7% and 97.2%) showed higher sero-positive rates against RABV and CDV than Gyeonggi-do (13.6% and 63.6%). These results indicate that there was severe circulation of CDV and CPV among wild raccoon dogs in the two regions of Korea. Furthermore, raccoon dogs showing a protective antibody titer (0.5 IU/ml) were 15.9%, suggesting that new rabies control program such as trap-vaccination-release (TVR) should be launched urgently in rabies risk regions.
Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Antibodies ; Distemper ; Distemper Virus, Canine ; Incidence ; Korea ; Parvovirus ; Parvovirus, Canine ; Prevalence ; Rabies ; Rabies virus ; Raccoon Dogs ; Raccoons ; Vaccination