Animals ; Dust ; Lung ; pathology ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Wind

OBJECTIVETo explore acute effects of SO(2) and NO(2) on mortality in the six cities of China.

METHODSSurveillance data on daily air quality, meteorology and the cause of death were collected from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009 in Beijing, Tianjin, Xi'an, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Wuhan. Generalized additive model was used to explore the relationship between the daily average concentration of SO(2) and NO(2) and daily mortality, after adjusting the effects of long-term and seasonal trend and weather conditions.

RESULTSIn Beijing, Tianjin, Xi'an, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Wuhan, the daily average concentration of SO(2) and NO(2) were in the range of 39.8-59.5 µg/m(3) and 41.4-60.1 µg/m(3) respectively; the daily mortality for non-accidental were 174.5, 101.4, 27.7, 108.4, 50.6, 17.8, cardiovascular were 86.9, 53.3, 12.8, 34.8, 16.3, 8.1 and respiratory were 18.3, 8.6, 2.6, 18.6, 9.0, 1.8 respectively. The daily average concentration of SO(2) were negatively correlated with daily average temperature in Beijing, Tianjin, Xi'an and Wuhan (the correlation coefficients were -0.66, -0.73, -0.67 and -0.39 respectively, P<0.05). The daily average concentration of SO(2) were negativeiy correlated with relative humidity in Tianjin, Shanghai and Wuhan (the correlation coefficients were -0.26, -0.46 and -0.28 respectively, P<0.05). The daily average concentration of NO(2) were negative correlated with daily average temperature in Beijing, Tianjin, Xi'an and Wuhan (the correlation coefficients were -0.27, -0.49, -0.45 and -0.38 respectively, P<0.05). When the day concentration of SO(2) increased every 10 µg/m(3), the non-accidental mortality in Tianjin and Wuhan raised 0.44%(95%CI: 0.11%-0.78%) and 0.96%(95%CI: 0.22%-1.72%) respectively. When the 1 day-lag concentration of SO(2) increased every 10 µg/m(3), the non-accidental mortality in Shanghai, Guangzhou and Wuhan raised 0.28% (95% CI: 0.02%-0.54% ), 0.41% (95% CI: 0.04%-0.79% ) and 1.14% (95% CI: 0.44%-1.84%) respectively. When the day and 1 day-lag concentration of SO(2) increased every 10 µg/m(3), the non-accidental mortality and the cardiovascular mortality at the six cities scale raised 0.40% (95% CI: 0.13%-0.67%) and 0.48% (95% CI: 0.11%-0.85%) respectively. When the day concentration of NO2 increased every 10 µg/m(3), the non-accidental mortality in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Wuhan raised 0.60% (95% CI: 0.26%-0.95%), 0.96% (95% CI: 0.29%-1.64%), 0.43% (95% CI: 0.09%-0.78%), 1.17%(95%CI: 0.69%-1.66%) and 1.23%(95%CI: 0.19%-2.28%) respectively; the cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, Tianjin, Xi'an, Guangzhou and Wuhan raised 0.83% (95% CI: 0.34%-1.32%), 1.09% (95% CI: 0.25%-1.94%), 1.98% (95% CI: 0.00%-4.01%), 1.52% (95% CI: 0.70%-2.36%) and 2.04% (95% CI: 0.54%-3.56%) respectively. When the 1 day-lag concentration of NO(2) increased every 10 µg/m(3), the non-accidental mortality in Guangzhou and Wuhan raised 0.97% (95% CI: 0.49%-1.46%) and 1.67% (95% CI: 0.66%-2.70%)respectively; the cardiovascular mortality in Guangzhou and Wuhan raised 1.06% (95% CI: 0.24%-1.89%)and 2.42% (95% CI: 0.97%-3.89%) respectively. When the day and 1 day-lag concentration of NO(2) increased every 10 µg/m(3), the non-accidental mortality and the cardiovascular mortality at the six cities scale raised 0.81% (95% CI: 0.35%-1.28%), 1.03% (95% CI: 0.40%-1.66%) respectively.

CONCLUSIONExposure to SO(2) and NO(2) was significantly associated with daily non-accidental morality and cardiovascular morality at the multi-city scale in China.

Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; China ; Cities ; Humans ; Mortality ; Nitric Oxide ; adverse effects ; Particulate Matter ; Sulfur Dioxide ; adverse effects ; Temperature ; Weather

Environmental Health ; Humans ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Weather

China ; Environmental Exposure ; Health Status ; Humans ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Weather

Air pollution is associated with numerous diseases. In recent years,researches have increasingly showed that epigenetic modifications usually occur at the early stage of diseases, and make greater contributions to the occurrence and development of diseases compared to genetic abnormalities. Thus, researches on epigenetic effects of air pollution would serve for better understanding the interaction between air pollutants and genome in the pathogenesis of disease. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the exposure to air pollution and diminish the adverse effects related, further studies are needed to identify epigenetic biomarkers of air pollution so that we can take timely and effective measures in disease prevention.
Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; Benzene ; adverse effects ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; adverse effects ; Radiation, Ionizing

Animals ; Cold Temperature ; adverse effects ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Rats

In China, the level of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution far exceeds the air quality standards recommended by the World Health Organization. Moreover, the health effects of PM 2.5 exposure have become a major public health issue. More than half of PM 2.5 -related excess deaths are caused by cardiopulmonary disease, which has become a major health risk associated with PM 2.5 pollution. In this review, we discussed the latest epidemiological advances relating to the health effects of PM 2.5 on cardiopulmonary diseases in China, including studies relating to the effects of PM 2.5 on mortality, morbidity, and risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. These data provided important evidence to highlight the cardiopulmonary risk associated with PM 2.5 across the world. In the future, further studies need to be carried out to investigate the specific relationship between the constituents and sources of PM 2.5 and cardiopulmonary disease. These studies provided scientific evidence for precise reduction measurement of pollution sources and public health risks. It is also necessary to identify effective biomarkers and elucidate the biological mechanisms and pathways involved; this may help us to take steps to reduce PM 2.5 pollution and reduce the incidence of cardiopulmonary disease.
Humans ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; China/epidemiology* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects*

Objective:To explore the impact of PM 2.5 concentration in Shanghai on the incidence of allergic rhinitis（AR） in the population, and provide strategies for early warning and prevention of AR. Methods:Collect daily average concentrations of atmospheric pollutants monitored in Shanghai from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, and clinical data of AR patients from five hospitals in Shanghai during the same period. We used a time-series analysis additive Poisson regression model to analyze the correlation between PM 2.5 levels and outpatient attendance for AR patients. Results:During the study period, a total of 56 500 AR patients were included, and the daily average concentration of PM 2.5 was（35.28±23.07）μg/m³. There is a correlation between the concentration of PM 2.5 and the number of outpatient attendance for AR cases. There is a positive correlation between the daily average number of outpatient for AR and levels of PM 2.5 air pollution（（P<0.05）） . We found that every 10 μg/m³ increase in PM 2.5, the impact of on the number of AR visits was statistically significant on the same day, the first day behind, and the second day behind, with the strongest impact being the exposure on the same day. Every 10 μg/m³ increases in PM 2.5, the number of outpatient visits increased by 0.526% on the same day（95%CI 1.000 50-1.010 04）. Conclusion:The atmospheric PM 2.5 concentration in Shanghai is positively correlated with the number of outpatient for AR, and PM 2.5 exposure is an independent factor in the onset of AR. This provides an important theoretical basis for AR.
Humans ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Incidence ; China/epidemiology* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Rhinitis, Allergic/etiology*

The situation of air pollution has become increasingly serious and its relationship with diabetes becomes a new research concern, in China. After going through a large number of epidemiological studies published in recent years, this paper reviews the relationship between major air pollutants and both blood glucose and blood lipid, related to type 2 diabetes. It also summarizes the relationships among the main pollutants of the atmosphere so as to propose the research directions in this field. Hopefully, this paper can provide reference for forming policies on air pollution, prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in the country.
Air Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced* ; Humans ; Particulate Matter ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to particulate air pollution in Chinese urban residents.

METHODSDALYs was applied to evaluate the health effects due to particulate air pollution in the residents of 656 Chinese cities, and the data of annual average concentrations of inhalable particle (PM(10)) in 2006 were collected from the state-owned air quality monitoring network.

RESULTSParticulate air pollution in Chinese urban areas in 2006, could cause (506.6 +/- 95.2) thousand premature deaths, (156.6 +/- 41.2) thousand new cases of chronic bronchitis, (12.6 +/- 5.2) million outpatient visits for internal medicine, (99.9 +/- 50.4) thousand and (72.0 +/- 8.2) thousand hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases respectively. The attributable DALYs loss in urban residents amounted up to (5.26 +/- 0.99) million person years in 2006, of which, 96.26% (506.55/526.22) were caused by premature deaths. The attributable loss of DALYs increased with more seriously PM-polluted atmosphere and larger urban population.

CONCLUSIONSubstantial adverse health effects due to outdoor particulate air pollution were observed in China urban areas, thus strengthening air pollution control still remains an imperative and urgent matter in public health perspective.

Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; China ; Cities ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Environmental Monitoring ; Health Status ; Humans ; Life Tables ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Risk Assessment