BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To explore anatomic substrate of specific wandering patterns in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by performing positron emission tomography with 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET). METHODS: Drug-naïve AD patients with wandering (n=80) and without wandering (n=262) were recruited. First, the specific pattern of wandering type was operationally classified according to specific wandering score and clinical assessment. Second, brain FDG PET was performed and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake differences of specific brain regions according to wandering patterns were compared to those of non-wanderers. RESULTS: In patients with pacing pattern, FDG PET showed significant lower FDG uptake in both middle cingulum and left putamen cluster compared to non-wanderers. The right precuneus and supplementary motor area in patients with random pattern and left calcarine sulcus, right calcarine sulcus, right middle cingulum, and right post central gyrus in patients with lapping pattern had significantly lower FDG uptake compared to non-wanderers. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that wandering in patients with AD had three distinct patterns. These specific patterns showed significant lower FDG uptake in specific brain areas compared to non-wanderers.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Brain ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Motor Cortex ; Occipital Lobe ; Parietal Lobe ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Putamen ; Somatosensory Cortex

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the spontaneous brain activity alterations in liver transplantation (LT) recipients using resting-state functional MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cirrhotic patients as transplant candidates and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. All patients repeated the MRI study one month after LT. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values were compared between cirrhotic patients (both pre- and post-LT) and HCs as well as between the pre- and post-LT groups. The relationship between ALFF changes and venous blood ammonia levels and neuropsychological tests were investigated using Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS: In the cirrhotic patients, decreased ALFF in the vision-related regions (left lingual gyrus and calcarine), sensorimotor-related regions (left postcentral gyrus and middle cingulate cortex), and the default-mode network (bilateral precuneus and left inferior parietal lobule) were restored, and the increased ALFF in the temporal and frontal lobe improved in the early period after LT. The ALFF decreases persisted in the right supplementary motor area, inferior parietal lobule, and calcarine. The ALFF changes in the right precuneus were negatively correlated with changes in number connection test-A scores (r = 0.507, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LT improved spontaneous brain activity and the results for associated cognition tests. However, decreased ALFF in some areas persisted, and new-onset abnormal ALFF were possible, indicating that complete cognitive function recovery may need more time.
Ammonia ; Brain* ; Cognition ; Fibrosis ; Frontal Lobe ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motor Cortex ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Occipital Lobe ; Parietal Lobe ; Rabeprazole ; Somatosensory Cortex

The desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma is very rare cerebral tumor. It has been known to be characterized by its voluminious size, intense desmoplasia and the frequent presence of astrocytic and ganglioglionic differentiation. Also, It is usually presented in infantile period and predilected in the frontal and parietal lobes. We treated a huge desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma(8?7?6cm) on the right frontotemporo-parietal area with only gross total resection. It includes solid mass & several cysts and shows the areas of the proliferation of spindle cells exhibiting storiform pattern in dense desmoplastic stroma and the areas composed of spindle shaped glial component.
Ganglioglioma* ; Parietal Lobe

The authors present a case of intracerebral ependymal cyst involving the left parietal lobe. The cyst had no communication with ventricular system or subarachnoid space. The clinicopathological features, radiological findings and surgical treatments are discussed including a review of literatures.
Parietal Lobe ; Subarachnoid Space

PURPOSE: The ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) is responsible for regulation of consciousness. In this study, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we attempted to reconstruct the thalamocortical projections between the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the frontoparietal cortex in normal subjects. METHODS: DTI data were acquired in 24 healthy subjects and eight kinds of thalamocortical projections were reconstructed: the seed region of interest (ROI) - the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the eight target ROIs - the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. RESULTS: The eight thalamocortical projections were reconstructed in each hemisphere and the pathways were visualized: projections to the prefrontal cortex ascended through the anterior limb and genu of the internal capsule and anterior corona radiata. Projections to the premotor cortex passed through the genu and posterior limb of the internal capsule and middle corona radiata; in contrast, projections to the primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex ascended through the posterior limb of the internal capsule. No significant difference in fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and fiber volume of all reconstructed thalamocortical projections was observed between the right and left hemispheres (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: We reconstructed the thalamocortical projections between the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the frontoparietal cortex in normal subjects. We believe that our findings would be useful to clinicians involved in the care of patients with impaired consciousness and for researchers in studies of the ARAS.
Anisotropy ; Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Consciousness ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Extremities ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans* ; Internal Capsule ; Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei* ; Motor Cortex ; Parietal Lobe ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Somatosensory Cortex ; Thalamus

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Functional dyspepsia (FD) remains a great clinical challenge since the FD subtypes, defined by Rome III classification, still have heterogeneous pathogenesis. Previous studies have shown notable differences in visceral sensation processing in the CNS in FD compared to healthy subjects (HS). However, the role of CNS in the pathogenesis of each FD subtype has not been recognized. METHODS: Twenty-eight FD patients, including 10 epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), 9 postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), and 9 mixed-type, and 10 HS, were enrolled. All subjects underwent a proximal gastric perfusion water load test and the regional brain activities during resting state and water load test were investigated by functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: For regional brain activities during the resting state and water load test, each FD subtype was significantly different from HS (P < 0.05). Focusing on EPS and PDS, the regional brain activities of EPS were stronger than PDS in the left paracentral lobule, right inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, postcentral gyrus, precuneus, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, caudate nucleus, and bilateral cingulate cortices at the resting state (P < 0.05), and stronger than PDS in the left inferior temporal and fusiform gyri during the water load test (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to HS, FD subtypes had different regional brain activities at rest and during water load test, whereby the differences displayed distinct manifestations for each subtype. Compared to PDS, EPS presented more significant differences from HS at rest, suggesting that the abnormality of central visceral pain processing could be one of the main pathogenesis mechanisms for EPS.
Brain ; Broca Area ; Caudate Nucleus ; Classification ; Dyspepsia ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Parahippocampal Gyrus ; Parietal Lobe ; Perfusion ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Sensation ; Somatosensory Cortex ; Visceral Pain ; Water

The values for regional cerebral blood flow at rest were obtained from 60 right handed normal Korean adults(48 males, 12 females) with an age range of 24 to 69 years. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Mean rCBF were Fg ; 74.8+/-13.3ml/100g/min., Fw ; 19.2+/-3.1ml/100g/min, Wg ; 44.0+/-5.4% and CBF(inf) ; 39.8+/-7.6ml/100g/min. 2) In normal regional flow distributions throughout each hemisphere, values of Fg, Fw and CBF(inf) were higher in the frontal lobes and lower in the parietal lobes. A trend for higher values for Wg was seen in occipital and temporal lobes and lower values in the frontal lobes of both hemispheres. 3) When normal limits of the interregional variety values were predicted as mean ICV+2 SD(p<0.05), those values were Fg ; 12%, Fw ; 12%, CBF(inf) ; 10%, FFg ; 4% and Wg ; 10% of mean hemispheric rCBF. 4) There was a significant progressive decline of parameters of Fg, CBF(inf) and Wg with advancing age.
Adult* ; Frontal Lobe ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Parietal Lobe ; Temporal Lobe

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nicergoline is an ergoline derivative that is used to treat cognitive deficits in cerebrovascular disease and various forms of dementia. Although therapeutic effects of nicergoline have been established, little is known about its effects on cerebral perfusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to examine the role of nicergoline in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of AD patients using technetium-99m hexa-methyl-propylene-amine-oxime single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS: Sixteen patients with early AD underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment including cognitive testing and SPECT scans before and after nicergoline treatment. Nicergoline (30 mg twice daily) was administered for an average duration of 1.5 years. Clinical and cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), CDR-Sum of Boxes, Global Deterioration Scale, Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and Geriatric Depression Scale. RESULTS: Nicergoline treatment induced changes in the severity of dementia, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and depressive symptoms, which were not statistically significant. During the follow-up, the patients showed significant increases in their relative rCBF in the superior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and postcentral gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: Nicergoline treatment improves perfusion of the frontal and parietal regions in early AD patients. It is possible that the increased perfusion in the superior frontal gyrus may be related to the mechanisms that delay or prevent progressive deterioration of cognitive functions in AD.
Activities of Daily Living ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; Dementia ; Depression ; Ergolines ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Nicergoline* ; Parietal Lobe ; Perfusion* ; Pilot Projects* ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Somatosensory Cortex ; Therapeutic Uses ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

The incidence of tinnitus is very high, which can affect the patient's attention, emotion and sleep, and even cause serious psychological distress and suicidal tendency. Currently, there is no uniform and objective method for tinnitus detection and therapy, and the mechanism of tinnitus is still unclear. In this study, we first collected the resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) data of tinnitus patients and healthy subjects. Then the power spectrum topology diagrams were compared of in the band of δ (0.5-3 Hz), θ (4-7 Hz), α (8-13 Hz), β (14-30 Hz) and γ (31-50 Hz) to explore the central mechanism of tinnitus. A total of 16 tinnitus patients and 16 healthy subjects were recruited to participate in the experiment. The results of resting state EEG experiments found that the spectrum power value of tinnitus patients was higher than that of healthy subjects in all concerned frequency bands. The
Attention ; Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Parietal Lobe ; Tinnitus

Oligodendrolioma constitutes 3-12% of intracranial gliomas and is a slowly growing, benign tumor. Though uncommon in childhood and adolescenee, most tumors are idertified in the adult with peak at the age of 40 years. It has a predilection for frontal lobe and shows characteristic microscopic findings. Calcareous deposits arre demonstrated radiologically in 40-60%. The authors have experienced a case of large oligodendroglioma arising from the right parietal lobe in child and reviewed the literatures.
Adult ; Child* ; Frontal Lobe ; Glioma ; Humans ; Oligodendroglioma* ; Parietal Lobe