Objective To investigate the status quo of general self-efficacy and professional identity of nursing students in the early stage of internship and the correlation between them,and analyze the influencing factors of professional identity. Methods From July 2016 to September of 2016,by cluster sampling method, a total of 787 female nursing students from 5 class Ⅲ grade A hospitals in Urumqi were selected as the subjects of the research and surveyed by general self-efficacy comprehensive scale and professional identity scale of nursing students in Xinjiang region. Results The nursing students' score of general self-efficacy was (40.05±6.67),and the score of professional identity was (124.69±21.88) in the early stage of internship. There was a positive correlation between general self-efficacy and professional identity (r=0.581,P<0.001). Analysis of multiple linear regression showed that the score of general self-efficacy,education degree,practical hospital and employment intention were the factors influencing the professional identity of nursing students in the early stage of internship. Conclusions Nursing students with stronger general self-efficacy have higher professional identity in the early stage of internship. It is recommended that nursing educators should take scientific and feasible interventions to enhance students' professional identity according to different characteristics of nursing students in the early stage of internship.