PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate parents' perception and behaviors in the case of a child safety accident. METHODS: The participants were 254 parents of children under 12 years old. Data were collected from October 12 to November 25, 2016 using self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean score for parental perception and behaviors showed a high score of 3.12±0.30. In addition, the top three categories were drug management (3.45±0.54), prevention of burns (3.34±0.52), and vehicle safety (3.34±0.44). The overall difference in categories of perception and behaviors about child safety accidents according to demographic characteristics of participants, was developmental age (F=5.616, p=.004). Most of the categories had significant correlation with other categories. CONCLUSION: Findings in this study show parental perception and behaviors were relatively high. It is recommended that safety education for parents should be done for a healthy life for their children.
Burns ; Child* ; Education ; Humans ; Parents

This study compared the perception, necessity, and satisfaction of free school foodservice among parents of students with and without access to free school foodservice. The sample included parents of students with access to free school foodservice (FSF group, 250 parents) or paid school foodservice (PSF group, 250 parents) in Taean, Chungnam. With regard to perception of school foodservice, 30% of PSF parents responded that it is a necessary part of school education, whereas 52% of FSF parents considered it as a part of national welfare service; this difference was significant (P<0.001). In terms of positive remarks, most parents in the PSF group highlighted convenience whereas the FSF group answered that their children were penalized; this difference was significant (P<0.001). In addition, 94% of PSF parents and 96.8% of FSF parents indicated that school foodservice is necessary. In terms of the perception of the free school foodservice, more FSF parents (96.4%) than PSF parents (84.4%) answered that they knew free school foodservice well; this difference was significant (P<0.001). With regard to target recipients of the free school foodservice, most parents in the PSF group said that needy students should be selected, whereas the FSF group said that all students should be eligible; this difference was significant (P<0.001). Acceptance of free school foodservice in the FSF group (34.4%) was significantly higher than that in the PSF group (23.2%). Satisfaction with free school foodservice was 3.5 points in the FSF group, which was significantly higher than the 2.9 points in the PSF group (P<0.001). In summary, parents of students with access to free school foodservice showed more positive perception and higher satisfaction than parents of students with paid school foodservice. This study recommends that parents' suggestions be considered and further perception and responses on free school foodservice be investigated.
Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Education ; Humans ; Parents*

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to explore knowledge, barriers, and self-efficacy in relation to pain management practice, and to identify factors influencing pain management practice in pediatric nurses. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 237 pediatric nurses from a metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using t-test or analysis of variance and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: The mean percentage of correct answers on the children's pain management knowledge scale was 58.8%. Child and parent related factors were the main barriers for pain management. Self-efficacy to assess children's pain across developmental stages was particularly low. Pain management practices for assessing pain and non-pharmacological interventions were relatively low. Factors significantly affecting children's pain management practice were current conditions of work department and self-efficacy in pain management, and these factors accounted for 37.5% of the variance in pain management practice. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that an integrative education program needs to be developed to improve self-efficacy in children's pain management practice. Moreover, good communication, building cooperative relationships with children and parents, and a more active role by pediatric nurses are required to carry out more effective pain management.
Child ; Education ; Humans ; Pain Management* ; Parents

The purposes of this study were to survey the present situation of nutrition education in junior/senior high school, to analyze the difference between the favorite subjects on students and the existing subject done by dietitians on nutrition education, and then to identify the subjects of nutritional education for junior/senior high school students. Self-administered questionnaires were given to dietitians and students and 142 of the 200 dietitians (71.0%) and 479 of the 564 students (84.9%) responded to the questionnaire on the nutritional education. According to the survey results, 76.1% of school dietitians currently were doing nutrition education for students while the other 23.9% didn't have such education programs even though they recognized the necessity strongly. The target of nutrition education was student rather than parents or teacher generally and the principal measuring method for nutrition education effect was 'change of plate waste and leftover'. It was found that significant difference in the collector and source of nutritional education information between junior and senior high school dietitians (p < .05). About ninety-eight percentage of dietitians felt that nutrition education should keep pace with meal service and this meant that almost respondent recognized the necessity of nutrition education for students. Because the most serious one among operational problems of nutrition education program was lack of enough time owing to too many affairs as dietitian, junior and senior high schools should support so that dietitians would share enough time for nutrition education. And also, a gap was existed between actual and favorite subjects on nutrition education. Significant differences existed in the following subjects; 'basic concept of food and nutrition', 'disease and nutrition', 'food culture in the world', 'cooking and culinary art', 'food of the 24 divisions of the year in the lunar calendar', 'food waste and environmental issue', 'food habit and food behavior', 'exercise and nutrition' (p < .001), 'table manner', 'food and individual sanitation', 'recommended dietary allowance' (p < .01) and 'menu planning' (p < .05). Finally, 24 subjects of nutritional education were selected based on the survey results. These subjects would be expected to be able to contribute the effective and interesting nutrition education program for junior and senior high school students.
Education* ; Humans ; Meals ; Nutritionists ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study measured the effects of a taste education program developed in Korea on food neophobia and willingness to try novel foods in school children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: One-hundred and twenty school children (aged 7-9 years) residing in Seoul participated in 12 sessions of a taste education program for 3 months. The Korean taste education program was adapted from "Les classes du goût" by J. Puisais and modified to suit a Korean education environment. The study subjected school children to pre- and post-programs on food neophobia and willingness to try novel foods (WTNF), in addition to children's food neophobia in their parents. A total of 101 survey data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. RESULTS: Regarding the effects of taste education, scores of food neophobia significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the posttest, mean (m) score (4.10 ± 1.19) decreased compared to the pretest (4.39 ± 1.00), and WTNF significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the pretest (m) score (0.48 ± 0.33) compared to the pretest (0.32 ± 0.34). This result indicates verification of the study hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS: Food neophobia scale (FNS), an index that measures personal food preference [1,2], showed a very weak correlation with behavioral willingness to taste novel foods (WTNF). Therefore, it is expected that the two scales measure different things. However, considering that the traits of food neophobia are not easily changed, the taste education program was administered in a remarkably effective manner.
Child* ; Education* ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Korea ; Parents ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: Motivational factor is a unique contributor to the typically poor academic performance of children with ADHD. However, few study has directly intervened learning motivation in children with ADHD. We conducted this study to explore the direct effects of the learning motivation improvement program applied to children with ADHD. METHOD: The program was designed in order to increase an interest-inducing educational intervention, an academic skills integration, a basic learning activity(reading, writing, and math), and children's self-esteem. We conducted the program twice a week(total 10 sessions) and assessed learning motivation, learning attitude, self-esteem, academic performance, and problem behaviors of participating children. RESULTS: After the program, teachers reported improvement in learning motivation. In addition, parents notified significant reduction of problem behaviors. Children reported improvement in a few domains of learning motivation and learning attitude. CONCLUSION: While learning motivation is regarded as an important factor in education, there have been few studies considering this issue in both educational and psychiatric fields. The learning motivation improvement would be needed in both field in order to reduce the deficits in academic performance in children with ADHD.
Child* ; Education ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Learning* ; Motivation* ; Parents ; Writing

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the eco-foodservice perception and satisfaction of 344 elementary school parents in Jeju surveyed from February 1~12, 2010, with the aim of providing basic data for quality improvement of eco-foodservice in Jeju. METHODS: The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, chi2-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients, using the SPSS Win program (version 12.0). RESULTS: Regarding awareness of eco-friendly food materials of subjects, average score was 3.52 points (out of 5 scales) and 'difference between eco-friendly and general agricultural products (3.76)' showed the highest score whereas 'assurance standard and label of eco-friendly agricultural products (3.31)' showed the lowest score. In terms of the recognition of eco-foodservice implementation, 75.0% of parents were aware of it. Regarding the eco-foodservice satisfaction of the subjects, average score was 3.88 points (out of 5 scales) and food safety (3.98 points) showed the highest score whereas food taste (3.70 points) showed the lowest score. The eco-foodservice perception of subjects showed positive correlation with their eco-foodservice satisfaction. CONCLUSION: It is necessary for the government and the local government to provide continuing education for school parents in order to enhance their perception of eco-friendly food materials. In addition, systematic and appropriate government support is needed in order to ensure internal stability of eco-foodservice.
Education, Continuing ; Food Safety ; Humans ; Local Government ; Parents* ; Quality Improvement

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify differences in the life transition process of parents caring for children with autism according to parents' socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS: Participants were 194 parents caring for children with autism. Data were collected from December 2013 to February 2014 through self-report questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 20.0. RESULTS: Mean scores for despairing or accepting phases were higher than those for denying or wandering phases in the life transition process. According to parents' gender, educational level, and job, there were some significant differences in the denying and wandering phases. Differences in denying phase by education (p=.033), job (p=.004) were significant. Respondents with higher educational level, and having a job showed a lower level of denying than other respondents. Wandering phase differed significantly by gender (p=.009) and job (p=.001). Mothers and those who did not have a job showed a higher level of wandering than fathers and those who had a job. However, there was no difference in the despairing or accepting phases. CONCLUSION: The life transition phase of parents with autistic children needs to be assessed to provide differentiated and intensive support program and help them move to the accepting phase.
Autistic Disorder* ; Child* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Fathers ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parents*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify cell phone addiction in school-age children and factors influencing addiction. METHODS: The participants were 163 parents of elementary school students in the 1st to 4th grades. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires completed by the parents, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 IBM program. RESULTS: Of the children, 86.5% were reported as being average users, 9.2%, at risk users, and 4.3%, at high risk users. Cell phone addiction in the children was significantly different according to games played by the children and parents' monthly income. Significant factors influencing cell phone addiction in the children were children's self-control, games played by the children, parents' cell phone addiction and parental control for children's cell phone use, explaining 24% of variance in cell phone addiction. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that cell phone addiction in school-age children is influenced by parent-related factors as well as personal factors. Therefore approaches to education programs on cell phone use in school-age children should include parent-related factors as well as personal factors of the children.
Behavior, Addictive ; Cellular Phone* ; Child* ; Education ; Humans ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study intends to investigate gender role identity and egalitarianism consciousness among adolescents and to determine the relationship between the two factors. METHOD: Data were collected from 376 middle and high school students in U City. Tools used were the Korean Sexual Role Identity (Kim, J. H., 2005) and the Gender Egalitarianism Consciousness among Adolescents (Kim, 2002). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between boys and girls in gender role identity. Boys' gender role identity was different according to school grade (t=-3.19, p=.00), frequency of mother's hugging (t=-2.28, p=.02) and girls' according to religion (t=-2.24, p=.03), mother's job (F=3.59, p=.02), father's education level (F=3.20, p= .04), mother's education level (F=3.24, p=.04), family harmony (F=7.28, p=.00), and frequency of mother's hugging (t=-2.41, p=.02). There was significant difference in egalitarianism consciousness according to gender (t=-12.70, p=.00). Boys' egalitarianism consciousness was different according to school type (t=.02, p=.00) and father's education level (F=4.97, p=.02), and girls' according to school grade (t=-4.21, p=.00), school type (t=-3.12, p=.00), father's level of education (F=3.78, p=.02), decision maker of important domestic matter (F=4.95, p=.00) and frequency of mother's hugging (t=2.53, p=.01). In Girls, sexual role identity and gender egalitarianism consciousness were significantly correlated with each other (r=.01, p=.04). CONCLUSION: Through the study, it was found that boys' concern for sexual equality of was remarkably lower than girls. Therefore, it is necessary to offer curriculums for boys and to start social education for parents.
Adolescent* ; Consciousness* ; Curriculum ; Education ; Female ; Gender Identity* ; Humans ; Parents