Parents ; Parenting ; Adolescent ; Emotions ; psychology

Emotions ; Humans ; Infant ; Mental Health ; Mothers ; psychology ; Parenting ; psychology ; Sleep

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of a maternal education program based on the temperament theory on the temperamental goodness-of-fit between mother and child. METHOD: The research method was a nonequivalent, control group, non-synchronized design and the experimental period was from May 10, 2004 to July 24, 2004. The subjects were mothers who had children 3-4 years old who registered in eight kindergartens or infant schools in M city. Among the total 94 subjects, 47 were allocated as an experimental group and 47 were a control group. Using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program, the data was analyzed by a Chi-square test, and t-test. RESULT: 1. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group significantly decreased in scores for perceived children's behavior problems in comparison to the control group(t=-4.01, p<.001). 2. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group did not significantly decrease in scores for parenting stress in comparison to the control group(t=-.85, p=.40). 3. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group did not significantly decrease in scores for rejective parenting behaviors in comparison to the control group(t=-1.32, p=.19). CONCLUSION: A maternal education program based on the temperament theory is a useful intervention to decrease perceived children's behavior problems.
*Temperament ; Parenting/*psychology ; Mothers/*education/psychology ; *Mother-Child Relations ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Child Behavior Disorders/psychology ; Adult

OBJECTIVES: To study the moderating effect of mother-child relationship in the association between maternal parenting stress and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. METHODS: Using a stratified cluster sampling method, 2 049 preschool children were surveyed from November to December 2021, who sampled from 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, Anhui Province. The emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children were assessed with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of maternal parenting stress and mother-child relationship with children's emotional and behavioral problems. The PROCESS Macro was used to analyze the moderating effect of conflicted and dependent mother-child relationships in the association between maternal parenting stress and emotional and behavioral problems in these preschool children. RESULTS: Among these preschool children, maternal parenting stress was positively correlated with the scores of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems subscales and total difficulty scores (P<0.001); intimate mother-child relationships were negatively correlated with the scores of conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems subscales and total difficulty scores (P<0.001); conflicted and dependent mother-child relationships were positively correlated with the scores of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems subscales and total difficulty scores (P<0.001). After controlling for relevant confounding factors, conflicted mother-child relationship (β=0.05, P=0.001) and dependent mother-child relationship (β=0.04, P=0.012) were found to have a moderating effect on the association between maternal parenting stress and total difficulty scores in these preschool children. CONCLUSIONS Negative mother-child relationships play a moderating role in the association between maternal parenting stress and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. Prevention of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children should focus on reducing maternal parenting stress and improving negative mother-child relationships.
Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Problem Behavior/psychology* ; Parenting/psychology* ; Emotions ; Mother-Child Relations ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Mothers/psychology*

PURPOSE: The study was done to investigate effects of a parent empowerment program using MBTI (Myers-Brigs Type Indicator) on self-esteem, parent-child communication, and parenting sense of competence in mothers of elementary school students. METHODS: Research design was a quasi-experimental research with pre- and post-test. Participants were 26 mothers recruited from mothers of elementary school students. The program was provided to the experimental group for 60 minute sessions once a week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact probability test, χ² test, and t-test with SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: The first hypothesis was verified as the score for self-esteem in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (t=3.14 p<.001). The third hypothesis was verified as the score for parenting sense of competence in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (t=2.58 p<.017). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the parent empowerment program applying MBTI enhances self-esteem and parenting sense of competence in mothers of elementary school children. Therefore, this program is an appropriate strategy for community mental health nurses to use to improve parent empowerment.
Child ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Mental Health ; Mothers* ; Parenting ; Parents* ; Power (Psychology)* ; Research Design

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the parenting experience of mothers of premature infants in order to provide basic data for educational solutions and desirable directions. METHODS: Q-methodology was used as it provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item. The participants were 33 mothers of premature infants who sorted 34 selected Q-statements which were then classified into the shape of a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Subjectivity on parenting experience among the mothers was analyzed using the pc-QUANAL program. RESULTS: Four types of parenting experience were identified. Type I was named 'struggling', type II, 'self blame', type III, 'information collecting', and type IV, 'self-introspection'. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs are needed for mothers of premature infants based on the four types of parenting experience.
Adult ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; *Infant, Premature ; Interviews as Topic ; Mothers/*psychology ; *Parenting ; Q-Sort ; Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: Demands for comprehensive and intensive treatment programs for treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who suffer from serious impairment in various psychosocial areas are increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of developing new types of camp programs focused on improving social adjustment of children and helping parents effectively manage their children's problem behaviors. METHODS: Fifteen children diagnosed as ADHD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (mean age 9.5 years) and their parents participated in this program. Eight consecutive camps were held at two-week intervals, from Jun 2007 to Oct 2007 in an adolescent training center located at Chungtaesan, in Korea. Each camp program included social skills training in the classroom and outdoor activities in the forest for children, as well as parent training for mothers. In addition, after the sixth camp, we conducted one parental session for fathers and a three-day booster family camp three months later. Finally, eleven families adhered to the program. RESULTS: All children, parents, and therapists rated questionnaires or checklists at baseline, intra-, and post-treatment. Parenting burden rated using the Parenting Stress Index showed a significant decrease, from 57.89 to 46.22 (p=.019). And, overprotection rated using the Parenting Bonding Instrument showed a significant decrease, from 16.56 to 12.44 (p=.046). However, no significant improvement in children's behavioral and emotional problems was observed. CONCLUSION: In this study, the consecutive ADHD family camp program was effective for empowerment of parental competency, but not for general improvement of children's behavioral and emotional symptoms.
Adolescent ; Checklist ; Child ; Fathers ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents ; Power (Psychology) ; Social Adjustment ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: In this action research mixed research methods combining quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to examine a parent empowerment program for married immigrant women. METHODS: Data were collected from 14 women who participated in the action research. The 1st and 2nd sessions consisted of problem definition, planning, observation . evaluation and reflection. The parent empowerment program for married immigrant women was developed through theses steps, and quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed in order to examine the effects of the program and the participant' empowerment experiences. Quantitative data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test, and qualitative data using content analysis. RESULTS: The parent empowerment program was effective in enhancing married immigrant women's parenting efficacy and parenting attitude. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that, participants' empowerment experiences were: "learn information on parenting", "live stately with assertion my of opinions", "become confident in giving care", "as learner appreciating that children also try to be nice" and "family relations have improved". CONCLUSION: These results indicate the program is effective in enabling married immigrant women to find a 'positive I' so that they become aware of their identity as parents and help in their roles as parents.
Child ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Health Services Research ; Humans ; Parenting ; Parents ; Power (Psychology)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the parenting of mothers with infants and preschoolers in an effort to determine types of parenting. METHODS: The 32 participating mothers were interviewed and from the content of the interviews, their parenting was analyzed. Statements were categorized and analyzed according to the selected procedure. RESULTS: The parenting of mothers was classified into positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement, including 55 significant statements and 14 categories. Positive reinforcement was categorized as frequent skin contact, giving pleasure, spending a lot of time with children, improving children's self-esteem, being sensitive to children's needs, realistic discipline, developing independence, listening to children, and understanding and respecting children's feelings. Negative reinforcement was categorized as overprotection, inconsistent attitude, negligence, negative educational behavior, and emphasis on obedience. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that systematic education should be provided for mothers to increase their ability to provide good parenting. It is expected that the findings of this study would be useful in the development of efficient educational programs.
Child ; Child Rearing* ; Child* ; Education ; Humans ; Infant* ; Malpractice ; Mothers* ; Parenting ; Parents ; Pleasure ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Skin

PURPOSE: The study was conducted to explore the parenting experience of mothers who have defected from North Korean. METHODS: Nineteen mothers who defected from North Korean were recruited in Hanawon and data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Grounded theory methodology developed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) was adapted for theoretical sampling and analysis. Interviews were recorded with consent and transcribed verbatim. RESULTS: The core category was discovered to be 'pursuing positive parenting'. Phenomenon was identified as 'acting out of frustration' and this series of processes was categorized as having four stages: 'harsh reality', 'moving forward', 'seeking transition' and 'internalization'. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that their parenting experiences were in a transition process and, thus, it is critical to develop positive parenting intervention programs as a way to promote the empowerment of these mothers in parenting to help them support themselves and their children.
Child ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents ; Power (Psychology) ; Child Health