Humans ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; Paraquat ; toxicity

Acute Disease ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; Paraquat ; toxicity

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Charcoal ; therapeutic use ; Enema ; Milk ; Paraquat ; toxicity

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Paraquat ; toxicity

Humans ; Lung ; ultrastructure ; Paraquat ; toxicity ; Pulmonary Edema ; pathology ; Research Report

Acute Disease ; Esophageal Stenosis ; chemically induced ; Herbicides ; toxicity ; Humans ; Paraquat ; toxicity ; Poisoning

OBJECTIVETo investigate the different effect of three methods of blood purification for paraquat poisoning patients:hemoperfusion (HP), hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis (HP + HD), hemoperfusion combined with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (HP + CVVH).

METHODS72 cases of paraquat poisoning patients were divided into three groups after giving conventional therapy HP group, HP + HD group, HP + CVVH group. Compared the rate of decline concentrations of paraquat in blood, the liver and the kidney damage between before and after blood purification and contrast the mortality in three groups after different method of blood purification.

RESULTSThe rate of decline concentrations of paraquat in blood of the HP + HD group and HP + CVVH group were both significantly greater than the HP group, but this result of HP + HD group has no significant difference compared with HP + CVVH group; Among the three groups of patients after 72 hours, the degree of dysfunction of liver of the HP + HD group and HP + CVVH group were both significantly lower than the HP group, whilely the degree of dysfunction of kidney of the HP + HD group was significantly lower than the HP group and the HP + CVVH group. The survival time of the HP + HD group and the HP + CVVH group were significant linger than the HP group, but the comparison among the three groups had no significant difference in mortality.

CONCLUSIONThree blood purification methods can effectively remove paraquat absorbed into the blood, and the hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis or continuous veno-venous hemofiltration can effectively reduce the degree of damage of liver and kidney and also can prolong survival time, but did not significantly improve the survival rate of patients.

Hemofiltration ; methods ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Paraquat ; blood ; toxicity ; Renal Dialysis ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cytokines ; blood ; drug effects ; Humans ; Paraquat ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of paraquat on induction of cell damage and miR-133b expression in PC12 cells.

METHODSCytotoxicity of PC12 cells was measured by MTT assay, following the PC12 cells treatment with 50, 100, or 300 µmol/L paraquat. Cell apoptosis was examined by the method of Annexin V-FITC/PI in flow cytometry (FCM) and the relative level of miR-133b expression was measured by real time RT-PCR, following the PC12 cells treatment with 100 or 300 µmol/L paraquat.

RESULTSSurvival rate of PC12 cells treated with 100 or 300 µmol/L paraquat was lower than that of the vehicle control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), in the dose dependent pattern. Apoptotic rate of PC12 cells treated with 100, 300 µmol/L paraquat was higher than that of the vehicle control group (P < 0.05). The relative level of miR-133b expression of PC12 cells treated with 300 µmol/L paraquat was higher than that of the vehicle control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSParaquat may cause cell damage and induce apoptosis in PC12 cells, and induce miR-133b expression.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Paraquat ; toxicity ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of exposure of paraquat and maneb on the behavior, the morphology and electrical activity of the Substantia nigra and striatum, and to discuss the relationship between this two pesticides and Parkinson's disease.

METHODS37 rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: control group (n = 11), paraquat (10 mg/kg) group (n = 13) and combinative group of paraquat (10 mg/kg) and maneb (30 mg/kg) (n = 13), and were exposed twice a week for 6 weeks by intraperitoneal injection. The behavior of animals in the declined-plane, the vertical-grid and the open-field test were observed. The morphology of substantia nigral neurons were investigated by HE pathology. The spontaneous discharge of striatum neurons were recorded after exposure.

RESULTSCompared to the control group and the pre-exposure group, both the numbers of animals sliding down from the declined-plane and the latency of rats' moving on the vertical-grid significantly increased, and the animals' autonomic movement decreased significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). After the combinative exposure, the neurons of the Substantial nigra pars compacta (SNPc) were progressively impaired, the cell density of the paraquat group [(82.17 ± 12.91) n/mm(2)] and the combined group [(41.15 ± 6.44) n/mm(2)] were lower than that in control group (143.10 ± 20.85 n/mm(2)] (P < 0.01). In the paraquat group (5.97 ± 7.30 Hz) and the combined group [(6.95 ± 9.87) Hz], the average discharge rates of the striatum neurons were increased significantly compared to the control group [(1.78 ± 5.05) Hz] (P < 0.01). The bursting discharge was increased significantly in the combined group (22.3%) compared to the control group (9.8%) and the paraquat group (5.6%) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe co-exposure of paraquat and maneb could induce similar symptoms to Parkinsonism syndrome of rats such as rigidity, moving reduction and etc, and the combined exposure had a certain enhanced effect compared to alone paraquat exposure. The combinative exposure of paraquat and maneb could cause neural loss in SNPc and it is involved with the enhanced electrophysiological activity in striatum. The synergy toxicity of paraquat and maneb in nigrostriatal system is related to Parkinson's disease.

Animals ; Corpus Striatum ; drug effects ; Male ; Maneb ; toxicity ; Paraquat ; toxicity ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; chemically induced ; Pesticides ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substantia Nigra ; drug effects