As a series of systematic classification of paramphistomes, the worms in the rumen and reticulum were collected on 214 Korean cattle slaughtered at Jeonju abattoir from January 1986 to April 1987 and were classified by means of morphology. Afterwards, the karyotype of Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) was detected by means of modified air-drying method from germ cells of the worms. The results were summarized as follows: In the chromosome number of 254 P. cervi, the haploid cell was n=9 and the diploid 2n=18. The meiotic divisions were observed frequently; 1,924 haploid and 32 diploid cells were reliable. Nine pairs of mitotic chromosomes were homologous in the metaphase stage, and the chromosomes were composed of five medium-sized metacentrics (m), subtelocentrics (st) or submetacentrics (sm) and four small-sized subtelocentrics(st) or submetacentrics(sm). Meiotic metaphase was composed of five medium and four small chromosomes in size. As a series of C-banding method, C-band was showed in centromeric region from all of the haploid germ cells. Whereas chromosome No. 3 and 5 included heterochromatin on the tip region, chromosome No. 4 on the distal region and No. 6 proximal region. And chromosomes No. 2 and 8 showed a remarkable C-band distinguished from other chromosomes.
parasitolgy-helminth-trematoda ; Paramphistomum cervi ; karyotype

As a series of systematic classification of paramphistomes, in the first step, paramphistomes in the rumen and reticulum were collected on 170 Korean cattles (2-3 years age, male) slaughtered at Jeonju abattoir from July 1984 to September 1985 and were classified by means of morphology of the worms. Afterwards, the karyotype of Paramphistomum explanatum (Creplin, 1849) which is the common in Korean cattle was detected by means of modified air-drying method from testis cells of the worm. The following is a brief summary of the leading facts gained through the experiment. Most of the cattle slaughtered at the abattoir were infected with paramphistomes. The 5 species of the worms were detected on 170 Korean cattle and the worm burden per head was from 2 to 784 (on the average 170) worms, 120(70.59 percent) heads out of them involving 2-100 worms. In 28,900 individuals of paramphistomes obtained on 170 Korean cattle, appearance rates of various worms were as follows : 49.74 percent in P. explanatum, 48.08 percent in P. cervi, 0.98 percent in Orthocoelium orthocoelium, 0.89 percent in Fischoederius cobboldi and 0.14 percent in Cotylophoron cotylophorum. The chromosome number of 620 P. explanatum in the haploid and diploid cells was n=9 and 2n=18, and abundant cells in meiotic division were observed; 1,420 haploid and 38 diploid cells were reliable. Nine pairs of mitotic chromosomes were homologous and the chromosomes were composed of five medium-sized metacentrics (m), subtelocentrics (st) or submetacentrics (sm)and four small-sized subtelocentrics (st) or submetacentrics (sm), while meiotic metaphase chromosomes were composed of five medium and four small-sized. The haploid of the testis cells showed C-band in the centromeric region from 8 of them, whereas the remaining chromosome No. 5 included heterochromatin on the tip region, and chromosomes No. 3 and No. 7 showed a remarkable C-band distinguished from other chromosomes.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; karyotype ; chromosome ; Paramphistomum explanatum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; Orthocoelium orthocoelium ; Fischoederius cobboldi ; Cotylophoron cotylophorum

The trematode Paramphistomum cervi empolyed in this experiment was obtained from the reticulum of cattle slaughtered at the local abbatoir. The worms were selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each about ten of intact worms were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation mixture consisting of 50 cc of Krebs-Ringer phosohate buffer (pH 7.4) to which were added universally labeled C(14)-glucose and non-radioactive carrier glucose concentration of 200 mg per cent. The worms were allowed to incubate for 3 hours in the incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central wall of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). Glycogen samples isolated from worms were analysed for the tissue concentration and their radioactivities in order to determine the turnover rate of glycogen pool. The glucose uptake rate was determined by analysing the difference of the glucose concentration in a medium before and after incubation period. Radioactivities of these series of experiments were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantitative analysis of C(14)-glucose utilized by Paramphistomum cervi was summerized as the following. The glucose uptake rate by Paramphistomum was a mean value of 2.32+/-0.27 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. and total CO(2) production rate by the worms averaged 10.85+/-0.41 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. The relative specific activities of respiratory CO(2) averaged 49.72+/-13.20 per cent. Thus, a mean of 49.72 per cent of total CO(2) production rate was originated from the glucose in the medium, therefore the rate of CO(2) production derived from medium glucose was mean of 5.24+/-2.16 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. Thus, the average value of 37.46+/-5.28 per cent of glucose utilized by the worms from the medium glucose was oxidized to respiratory CO(2). The tissue concentration of Paraphismum was a mean of 41.56+/-5.82 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt or 4.16+/-0.72 per cent/g , and the turnover rate of glycogen pool yielded with a mean of 0.12+/-0.014 percent/hr or 0.06+/-0.04 mg/hr/g of wet wt. Therefore, a mean value of 16.75+/-4.84 per cent of glucose was incorporated to the glycogen. These data account for that at least 54.21 per cent of the utilized glucose by the worms participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO(2) and the synthetic process into glycogen. According to the above data of the experiment, it is suggested in the metabolic process of glucose by the Paramphistomum that the synthetic process into the glycogen is less active than the oxidative process into the resppiratory CO(2).
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paramphistomum cervi ; autoradiography ; biochemistry ; glucose ; metabolism ; CO(2) ; glycogen

The adult trematodes, Fasciola hepatica, Eurytrema pancreaticum and Paramphistomum cervi, employed in this experiment were obtained from the cattle slaughtered at the local abbatoir. The worms selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each about ten of intact F. hepatica, fourty of E. pancreaticum, and twenty of P. cervi were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation medium consisting of 10 cc. of Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer(pH 7.4) The incubation medium was added C(14)-1-acetate and non-radioactive carrier Na-acetate so as to contain acetate concentration of 50 mg per cent . The worms were allowed to incubate for 5 hours in the Dubnoff metabolic shaking incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central well of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). The lactate and pyruvate appearance rates were determined by analyzing the lactate and pyruvate concentration in a medium after incubation. The glycogen samples isolated from worms were analyzed for the tissue concentration and their radioactivities in order to determine the turnover rate of glycogen pool. Radioactivities of these series of experiments were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantitative analysis of C(14)-acetate utilized by F. hepatica, E. pancreaticum and P. cervi were compared and discussed in this report. According to these data of the experiment, it is suggested that the fatty acid such as acetate may play a part of their oxidative process into the respiratory CO2 and the synthetic process into glycogen in the above species of trematodes.
parasitology ; helminth ; trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; acetate ; metabolism ; biochemistry ; CO(2) ; glycogen ; Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer

By an application of Sigma-Frankel methods, two transaminase systems, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, were found to operate at a mesurable rate in 2 species of nematodes(Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaridia galli), 5 species of trematodes (Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Paramphistomum cervi and Paragonimus westermani) and 5 kinds of cestodes (Diphyllobothrium mansoni, Dipylidium caninum, Taenia pisiformis, Cysticercus cellulosae and Cysticercus pisiformis). A comparison was made of the transamination reactions in nematodes and those of trematodes and cestodes. And the significance of transaminase in these parasites is discussed in relation to protein synthesis and its utilization.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-trematoda-cestoda ; transaminase ; biochemistry ; spectrophotometry ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Ascaridia galli ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; Paragonimus westermani ; Diphyllobothrium mansoni ; Dipylidium caninum ; Taenia pisiformis ; Cysticercus cellulosae ; Cysticercus pisiformis

Unidimensional and two dimensional paper choromatogram were prepared of 10 kinds of parastic helminths. Fourteen amino acids were identified from the acid hydrolysed tissue proteins of A. lumbricoides(cuticle and musculature), A. galli, F. hepatica, E. pancreaticum, P. cervi, T. solium, and M. expansa. They were glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, methione, valine, leucine, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, proline and histidine. In hydrolysates of A. lumbricoides(female genital organ) and C. sinensis, 13 amino acids were recovered. Twelve amino acid from A. lumbricoides(intestinal tract), 9 from P. westermani, and 6 from H. nana were also identified in the tissue hydrolysates.
parasitology ; helminth ; nematoda ; trematoda ; cestoda ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Ascaridia galli ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Paragonimus westermani ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; Taenia solium ; Moniezia expansa ; Hymenolepis nana ; paper chromatography ; biochemistry ; glycine ; alanine ; serine ; threonine ; methione ; valine ; leucine ; aspartic acid ; ysine ; arginine ; tyrosine ; proline ; histidine