PURPOSE: Recent reports suggest the association of human papilloma virus (HPV) with retinoblastoma. This study was performed to elucidate whether HPV infection is related to retinoblastoma among Koreans. METHODS: A total of 54 cases diagnosed with retinoblastoma were enrolled from Seoul National University Children's Hospital and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center. Presence of human papilloma viral DNA was detected by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded retinoblastoma tissues using both probes against high- and low risk HPV types. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 22.0 months (range, 1.1 to 98.0 months), and the mean age at enucleation was 27.8 months (range, 1.5 to 112.7 months) among the 54 patients with retinoblastoma. HPV was not detected in any of the retinoblastoma samples using either high risk or low risk HPV probes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study, being the first study in the Korean population, proposes that HPV infection may have no causal relationship with retinoblastoma in Koreans.
Child, Preschool ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Eye Infections, Viral/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Papillomaviridae/*genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retinal Neoplasms/complications/pathology/*virology ; Retinoblastoma/pathology/*virology

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical performance of APTIMA human papillomavirus (AHPV) assay and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay in screening for cervical disease, especially in women with atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). METHODS: A total of 411 women diagnosed with ASC-US or LSIL were referred and further triaged by HC2 test. Prior to colposcopy, liquid-based cytology specimens were collected for the AHPV assay. Sensitivity and specificity were established based on the histological findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). RESULTS: In all 411 subjects, the positive detection rate of AHPV assay was 70.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.4 to 75.2), which was significantly lower than the positive detection rate of 94.9% obtained using HC2 test (95% CI, 92.3 to 96.8). Only one CIN 3-positive case was detected among the 120 AHPV-negative women, which was then confirmed by Pap smear test to be LSIL. The sensitivities of AHPV and HC2 for CIN 3 were similar (94.1% and 100%, respectively). However, AHPV showed a significantly higher specificity than HC2 test (30.2% and 5.3%, respectively; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: AHPV assay is effective in identifying CIN 3-positive cases because of its high specificity and lower false-negative rate. The use of AHPV for the triage of ASC-US and LSIL might help to reduce the referral rate of colposcopy during cervical cancer screening.
Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; China/epidemiology ; Colposcopy/methods ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests/*methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Triage ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; Young Adult