No abstract available.
Papillary Muscles* ; Tachycardia, Ventricular*

No abstract available.
Doxorubicin* ; Membrane Potentials* ; Membranes* ; Papillary Muscles*

A 22 year-old male had a cystic mass attached to the anterolateral papillary muscle which was diagnosed using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Cardiac MRI was done to prove the nature of cystic mass. This cystic mass was successfully resected by da Vinci system without damage to the valve. Histologically this cystic mass proved to be a blood-filled cystic mass.
Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Humans ; Male ; Papillary Muscles

The tricuspid valve is not a simple but a complex structure, tricuspid valve complex. This complex is composed of tricuspid orifice, annulus, valve leaflet, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. There are flew articles about these structures. The authors studied tricuspid valve complex in 53 cases of normal korean adults, such as circumference of tricuspid annulus, the maximum diameter of the tricuspid orifice, height and breadth of the cusps, including commissures, the ratio of rough to clear zone, the number of scallops of posterior cusp, the number, length and pattern of arrangement of the several types of chordae, the number and morphological characteristics of papillary muscles.
Adult* ; Chordae Tendineae ; Heart* ; Humans ; Papillary Muscles ; Pectinidae ; Tricuspid Valve*

The influences of osmolarity on the cardiac muscle contraction were investigated in cat papillary muscles. The muscle was immersed in the modified Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate solutions containing various Ca ion concentrations and osmolarities and the resultant changes in maximum developed tension, rate of development of tension and time to maximum tension were analyzed. Following are the results. 1) Mean length of papillary muscle used was 9.3+/-0.60mm, end mean cross-sectional area was l. 73+/-0.07 mm2. Normal contraction amplitude at 5 mM Ca ion-K-R-B solution was 2. 46+/-0. 1 gram/mm. 2) Within the range of 2.5-10.0 mM Ca ion concentration, the contraction amplitude increased along with the increment of Ca concentration. 3) Osmolarity exerted dual effects on contraction; within the range of 300-400 mosm/I solution, the hypertonic solution exported a positive inotropic effect while 500 mOsm/1 solution exerted a negative inotropic effect upon papillary muscle. 4) Maximum rate of tension development increased in 350 mOsm/1 solution, but decreased in 400 mOsm/1 or more hypertonic solution. The time to maximum tension did not change within the range of 300 400 mOsm/1 osmolarity and in 500 mOsm/1 solution. 5) The difference in maxium developed tension between single and paired stimulation was 1. 99 gram/mm' at 300 mOsm/1 solution and was negligible in 450 mOsm/1 or more hypertonic solutions.
Animals ; Cats ; Hypertonic Solutions ; Myocardium ; Osmolar Concentration ; Papillary Muscles

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by inappropriate hypertrophy of the myocardium and is associated with various clinical presentations ranging from complete absence of symptoms to sudden, unexpected death. These are caused by dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract and surgical approaches were initiated. But, the complete resection of hypertrophied midventricular septum is impossible by standard, transaortic approach, because of narrow vision and limited approach. And it leads to inadequate excision, will leave residual left vetnricular outflow tract obstruction or systolic anterior motion of mitral leaflet, and limit symptomatic improvement and patient's survival. We report a case of extended septal myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of mid-septum in a child. The extended septal myectomy was performed by aortotomy and left ventricular apical incision, and made possible the complete resection of mid-ventricular septum, abnormal papillary muscles and chordae. The patient's symptom was improved and the postoperative course was uneventful.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic* ; Child ; Heart Septum ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Myocardium ; Papillary Muscles

Anesthetics, Local* ; Animals ; Papillary Muscles* ; Procaine ; Rats* ; Tetracaine

Anesthetics, Local* ; Animals ; Papillary Muscles* ; Procaine ; Rats* ; Tetracaine

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: he ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) is known as a clinically important prognostic factor of acute myocardial infarction, and it is important to understand the mechanism of ischemic MR for successful treatment of ischemic MR. However, the mechanism of ischemic MR has not been known clearly. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the role of papillary muscle ischemia and LV dysfunction in the development of ischemic MR and to relate structural and functional changes of LV with severity of ischemic MR. METHODS: Left thoracotomy was performed in ten mongrel dogs. In group 1 (n=5), first and second obtuse marginal (OM) branches were ligated, and in group 2 (n=5), second and third OM branches were ligated. Epicardial echocardiography was performed at baseline, during infusion of esmolol, and during ligation of OM branches to measure end diastolic and end systolic area, fractional area shortening of LV, incomplete leaflet closure distance and area of mitral valve, and jet area of MR. Myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed to evaluate perfusion of papillary muscle and to measure risk area during ligation of OM branches. RESULTS: 1)There was no significant difference in decrease of fractional area shortening between infusion of esmolol and ligation of OM branches, but the significant MR developed in only one dog during esmolol infusion (p=NS), and in four dogs during ligation of OM branches (p<0.05). 2)Ischemia of papillary muscle was provoked in none of group 1, but four of five dogs in group 2 (p<0.05). Ischemic MR developed in all four dogs with provocation of papillary muscle ischemia, but in none of six dogs with maintained perfusion of papillary muscle (p=0.005). 3)Only incomplete leaflet closure area was significantly related with the severity of ischemic MR (r=0.71, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ischemia of papillary muscle is the important etiologic factor in development of ischemic MR in acute posterior myocardial infarction. It will be useful to assess and restore the perfusion of papillary muscles for the treatment of ischemic MR.
Animals ; Dogs ; Echocardiography ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Papillary Muscles ; Perfusion ; Thoracotomy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The electrophysiological properties associated with favorable outcome of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia (VA) originating from the papillary muscle (PM) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of electrophysiological characteristics and predictors with the outcome of RFCA in patients with VAs originating from PM in the left ventricle (LV). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twelve (4.2%) of 284 consecutive patients with idiopathic VAs originating from LV PM were assessed. The electrophysiological data were compared between the patients in the successful group and patients in the recurrence group after RFCA. RESULTS: In 12 patients with PM VAs, non-sustained ventricular tachycardias (VTs, n=6), sustained VTs (n=4) and premature ventricular complexes (n=2) were identified as the presenting arrhythmias. Seven of eight patients showing high-amplitude discrete potentials at the ablation site had a successful outcome (85.7%), while the remaining four patients who showed low-amplitude fractionated potentials at the ablation site experienced VA recurrence. The mean duration from onset to peak downstroke (Deltat) on the unipolar electrogram was significantly longer in the successful group than in the recurrence group (58+/-8 ms vs. 37+/-9 ms, p=0.04). A slow downstroke >50 ms of the initial Q wave on the unipolar electrogram at ablation sites was also significantly associated with successful outcome (85.7% vs. 25.0%, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: In PM VAs, the high-amplitude discrete potentials before QRS and slow downstroke of the initial Q wave on the unipolar electrogram at ablation sites were related to favorable outcome after RFCA.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Catheter Ablation* ; Catheters* ; Heart Ventricles* ; Humans ; Papillary Muscles* ; Recurrence ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Ventricular Premature Complexes