No abstract available.
Papillary Muscles* ; Tachycardia, Ventricular*

No abstract available.
Doxorubicin* ; Membrane Potentials* ; Membranes* ; Papillary Muscles*

A 22 year-old male had a cystic mass attached to the anterolateral papillary muscle which was diagnosed using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Cardiac MRI was done to prove the nature of cystic mass. This cystic mass was successfully resected by da Vinci system without damage to the valve. Histologically this cystic mass proved to be a blood-filled cystic mass.
Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Humans ; Male ; Papillary Muscles

The tricuspid valve is not a simple but a complex structure, tricuspid valve complex. This complex is composed of tricuspid orifice, annulus, valve leaflet, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. There are flew articles about these structures. The authors studied tricuspid valve complex in 53 cases of normal korean adults, such as circumference of tricuspid annulus, the maximum diameter of the tricuspid orifice, height and breadth of the cusps, including commissures, the ratio of rough to clear zone, the number of scallops of posterior cusp, the number, length and pattern of arrangement of the several types of chordae, the number and morphological characteristics of papillary muscles.
Adult* ; Chordae Tendineae ; Heart* ; Humans ; Papillary Muscles ; Pectinidae ; Tricuspid Valve*

The influences of osmolarity on the cardiac muscle contraction were investigated in cat papillary muscles. The muscle was immersed in the modified Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate solutions containing various Ca ion concentrations and osmolarities and the resultant changes in maximum developed tension, rate of development of tension and time to maximum tension were analyzed. Following are the results. 1) Mean length of papillary muscle used was 9.3+/-0.60mm, end mean cross-sectional area was l. 73+/-0.07 mm2. Normal contraction amplitude at 5 mM Ca ion-K-R-B solution was 2. 46+/-0. 1 gram/mm. 2) Within the range of 2.5-10.0 mM Ca ion concentration, the contraction amplitude increased along with the increment of Ca concentration. 3) Osmolarity exerted dual effects on contraction; within the range of 300-400 mosm/I solution, the hypertonic solution exported a positive inotropic effect while 500 mOsm/1 solution exerted a negative inotropic effect upon papillary muscle. 4) Maximum rate of tension development increased in 350 mOsm/1 solution, but decreased in 400 mOsm/1 or more hypertonic solution. The time to maximum tension did not change within the range of 300 400 mOsm/1 osmolarity and in 500 mOsm/1 solution. 5) The difference in maxium developed tension between single and paired stimulation was 1. 99 gram/mm' at 300 mOsm/1 solution and was negligible in 450 mOsm/1 or more hypertonic solutions.
Animals ; Cats ; Hypertonic Solutions ; Myocardium ; Osmolar Concentration ; Papillary Muscles

Anesthetics, Local* ; Animals ; Papillary Muscles* ; Procaine ; Rats* ; Tetracaine

Anesthetics, Local* ; Animals ; Papillary Muscles* ; Procaine ; Rats* ; Tetracaine

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by inappropriate hypertrophy of the myocardium and is associated with various clinical presentations ranging from complete absence of symptoms to sudden, unexpected death. These are caused by dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract and surgical approaches were initiated. But, the complete resection of hypertrophied midventricular septum is impossible by standard, transaortic approach, because of narrow vision and limited approach. And it leads to inadequate excision, will leave residual left vetnricular outflow tract obstruction or systolic anterior motion of mitral leaflet, and limit symptomatic improvement and patient's survival. We report a case of extended septal myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of mid-septum in a child. The extended septal myectomy was performed by aortotomy and left ventricular apical incision, and made possible the complete resection of mid-ventricular septum, abnormal papillary muscles and chordae. The patient's symptom was improved and the postoperative course was uneventful.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic* ; Child ; Heart Septum ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Myocardium ; Papillary Muscles

BACKGROUND: The synthetic narcotic sufentanil has been used in clinical practice for anesthetic induction and maintenance. But there is little information concerning its direct effects on heart. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the direct effects of sufentanil on contracture of ventricular myocardium. METHODS: Isometric contraction of isolated right ventricular papillary muscle of rabbit was measured under 0.2 Hz electrical stimulation in Krebs solution. Peak developed force(F), maximum rate of rise of developed force(+dF/dt(max)), maximum rate of fall of developed force(-dF/dt(max)) were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in frequency of isometric contraction from the 100% baseline value in time-matched control group. Sufentanil, in concentration of 0.01-0.1 mM, increased F, and -dF/dt(max) was decreased especially in concentration of 0.1 mM but not +dF/dt(max) Fo +dF/dt(max) and -dF/dt(max) were statistically different from time-matched control group in concentration of 0.1 mM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that sufentanil has mild contracture effect on ventricular muscle of rabbit directly.
Analgesics ; Contracture ; Electric Stimulation ; Heart ; Isometric Contraction ; Myocardium ; Papillary Muscles ; Rabbits* ; Sufentanil*

The cellular cardiac effects of protamine, the cationic polypeptide employed to reverse heparin anticoagulation, were examined in vitro to define its mechanisms of action. Isometric contractile force and action potential (AP) characteristics after rest (RS) and at frequencies up to 3 Hz were recorded in guinea pig ventricular papillary muscle. The actions of protamine (10-300 ug/ ml) were compared to those of heparin (10, 30 units/ml), and to heparin (10 units/ml) neutralized with equivalent (100 ug/ml) or excess (200 ug/ml) protamine. The effects of protamine were also examined using muscle rapid cooling contractures (RCCs to assess intracellular Ca(z+) stores). Protamine (100-300 ug/ml) depressed contractions by 35-65% at 3 Hz, whereas contractions were enhanced 150-500% at lower rates (RS-0.5 Hz), with a concommitant rise in resting force. Protamine caused a resting depolarization from -84 to -72 mV and depressed AP amplitude. In contrast, heparin minimally altered contractile or AP characteristics. In 26 mM K(+)-solution with 0.1 uM isoproterenol, 30-300 ug/ml protamine caused dose-dependent depression of late peaking force development and slow AP prolongation. After 15 minutes rest, when RCCs were not normally elicited, rest RCCs became prominent in 100-300 ug/ml protamine. Effects of heparin with 100 ug/ml excess protamine were similar to those of 100 ug/ml protamine alone. In conclusion the loss of normal force-frequency relation, partial depolarization, rise in resting tension, and appearance of rested state RCCs suggest that unbound protamine can lead to excess intracellular Ca(2+), mediated by an alteration in memebrane ionic conductances.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Contracture ; Depression ; Electrophysiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heparin ; Isoproterenol ; Papillary Muscles