Background: Facial feminization surgery and malarplasty require information concerning facial features in the malar area. Such information varies as a function of sex and race. The objectives of this study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the location of malar prominence across sexes in the Southeast Asian population, and identify sex-specific differences in malar prominence using a combination of two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) CT. Methods: The location of malar prominence was evaluated in 101 Thai adults, consisting of 52 men and 49 women. This study used both 2D CT and 3D CT to achieve greater accuracy, in which 2D CT was used to measure malar distance, malar summit width, facial width, and malar summitto-facial width ratio whereas 3D CT was used to evaluate the positional relationship between the zygomatic summit and four reference points of the zygoma. Results: The malar summit was positioned more laterally in males (p< 0.01) and was more projected in females (p= 0.01). The other 2D-parameters were wider in males. The ratio between the malar summit width and facial width showed similar results for both sexes. The vertical dimension did not show any statistically significant differences; however, a higher summit position was observed in males. Conclusion The zygomatic summit is positioned more laterally in males and is more projected in females. However, the ratio was similar, which indicates that the male cranium is larger in size. Based on the results in this study, when facial feminization surgery or malarplasty is performed on a Southeast Asian patient, the malar bone should be reduced horizontally and moved forward for better outcomes.

Background: Facial feminization surgery and malarplasty require information concerning facial features in the malar area. Such information varies as a function of sex and race. The objectives of this study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the location of malar prominence across sexes in the Southeast Asian population, and identify sex-specific differences in malar prominence using a combination of two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) CT. Methods: The location of malar prominence was evaluated in 101 Thai adults, consisting of 52 men and 49 women. This study used both 2D CT and 3D CT to achieve greater accuracy, in which 2D CT was used to measure malar distance, malar summit width, facial width, and malar summitto-facial width ratio whereas 3D CT was used to evaluate the positional relationship between the zygomatic summit and four reference points of the zygoma. Results: The malar summit was positioned more laterally in males (p< 0.01) and was more projected in females (p= 0.01). The other 2D-parameters were wider in males. The ratio between the malar summit width and facial width showed similar results for both sexes. The vertical dimension did not show any statistically significant differences; however, a higher summit position was observed in males. Conclusion The zygomatic summit is positioned more laterally in males and is more projected in females. However, the ratio was similar, which indicates that the male cranium is larger in size. Based on the results in this study, when facial feminization surgery or malarplasty is performed on a Southeast Asian patient, the malar bone should be reduced horizontally and moved forward for better outcomes.

Background: Road traffic incidents, particularly those involving motorcycles, pose a significant public health concern, especially in low-income countries. This study aims to investigate the incidence and patterns of head and neck injuries, as well as to analyze factors contributing to these injuries. Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken utilizing the medical records of motorcycle incident patients derived from the provincial injury surveillance data collected between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021, at a single center. The study encompasses data on age, sex, rider classification, types and quantities of alcohol ingested, helmet employment, Glasgow Coma Score, Injury Severity Score, and classifications of head and neck injuries. The incidence rate of head and neck injuries correlated with motorcycle incidents will be delineated. Subsequently, a logistic regression analysis was conducted to discern the factors associated with head injury severity. Results: The study examined motorcycle incident trauma in 1,413 patients. The incidence of head and neck injuries was 20%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the age of more than 60 years, non-helmeted riding, and alcohol consumption as significant factors for head injuries, with odds ratios of 1.86, 1.76, and 4.17, respectively. Conclusion This study emphasizes the protective role of helmets in reducing head injuries and highlights potential associations between alcohol consumption and the severity of head injuries. These findings may be utilized to advocate for improvements in road safety policies and reduce healthcare costs related to motorcycle accidents.

Background: Road traffic incidents, particularly those involving motorcycles, pose a significant public health concern, especially in low-income countries. This study aims to investigate the incidence and patterns of head and neck injuries, as well as to analyze factors contributing to these injuries. Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken utilizing the medical records of motorcycle incident patients derived from the provincial injury surveillance data collected between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021, at a single center. The study encompasses data on age, sex, rider classification, types and quantities of alcohol ingested, helmet employment, Glasgow Coma Score, Injury Severity Score, and classifications of head and neck injuries. The incidence rate of head and neck injuries correlated with motorcycle incidents will be delineated. Subsequently, a logistic regression analysis was conducted to discern the factors associated with head injury severity. Results: The study examined motorcycle incident trauma in 1,413 patients. The incidence of head and neck injuries was 20%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the age of more than 60 years, non-helmeted riding, and alcohol consumption as significant factors for head injuries, with odds ratios of 1.86, 1.76, and 4.17, respectively. Conclusion This study emphasizes the protective role of helmets in reducing head injuries and highlights potential associations between alcohol consumption and the severity of head injuries. These findings may be utilized to advocate for improvements in road safety policies and reduce healthcare costs related to motorcycle accidents.

Background: Road traffic incidents, particularly those involving motorcycles, pose a significant public health concern, especially in low-income countries. This study aims to investigate the incidence and patterns of head and neck injuries, as well as to analyze factors contributing to these injuries. Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken utilizing the medical records of motorcycle incident patients derived from the provincial injury surveillance data collected between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021, at a single center. The study encompasses data on age, sex, rider classification, types and quantities of alcohol ingested, helmet employment, Glasgow Coma Score, Injury Severity Score, and classifications of head and neck injuries. The incidence rate of head and neck injuries correlated with motorcycle incidents will be delineated. Subsequently, a logistic regression analysis was conducted to discern the factors associated with head injury severity. Results: The study examined motorcycle incident trauma in 1,413 patients. The incidence of head and neck injuries was 20%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the age of more than 60 years, non-helmeted riding, and alcohol consumption as significant factors for head injuries, with odds ratios of 1.86, 1.76, and 4.17, respectively. Conclusion This study emphasizes the protective role of helmets in reducing head injuries and highlights potential associations between alcohol consumption and the severity of head injuries. These findings may be utilized to advocate for improvements in road safety policies and reduce healthcare costs related to motorcycle accidents.