0.05, group 2 vs group 3 P

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in peripheral lung cancer.

METHODSThe expression of PCNA was detected by means of SABC immunohistochemistry in 45 cases of surgically and pathologically confirmed peripheral lung cancer. The correlation between PCNA expression in the tumors and the MRI findings was analyzed.

RESULTSPCNA expression was correlated to the differentiation, tumor size, lobulation, and mediastinal lymph node metastasis of the tumors (P<0.05), but not to the histological type, clinical stage, pleural retraction, spiculation, or signal feature.

CONCLUSIONCorrelations are found between MRI findings of lung cancer and abnormal expression of PCNA.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism

Background and Objectives: Stroke is the most common cause of human death and functional disability, resulting in more than 5 million deaths worldwide each year. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a kind of stem cell that are able to self-renew and differentiate into many types of tissues. Therefore, BMSCs have the potential to replace damaged neurons and promote the reconstruction of nerve conduction pathways and connective tissue. However, it remains unknown whether transplanted BMSCs promote angiogenesis or improve the tissue microenvironment directly or indirectly through paracrine interactions. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on ischemic stroke with hypertension in a rodent model and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying any benefits. Methods: and Results: Middle cerebral artery occlusion was used to establish the experimental stroke model. The area of cerebral infarction, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and increment of astrocyte were measured by TTC staining, western blot, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunocytochemistry. The results showed a smaller area of cerebral infarction and improved neurological function scores in animals treated with BMSCs compared to controls. The results of RT-qPCR and western blot assays showed higher expression of VEGF and GDNF in BMSC-treated animals compared with controls. Our study also showed that one round of BMSCs transplantation significantly promoted the proliferation of subventricular zone and cortical cells, especially astrocytes, on the ischemic side following cerebral ischemia. Conclusions Above findings support that BMSCs have therapeutic effects for ischemic stroke complicated with hypertension, which may occur via up-regulated expression of VEGF and GDNF and reduction of neuronal apoptosis, thereby promoting the recovery of nerve function.

objectiveTo explore the specific molecular mechanism of neuronal apoptosis induced by ATM inactivation. MethodsCGNs matured 7 days in vitro were cultured 8 h with 25 K， 5 K or 25 K medium containing ATM-specific inhibitors （Ku55933， 10 µmol/L； Ku60019， 15 µmol/L） for Hoechst stain and apoptosis analysis， or cultured for different lengths of time （2， 4， 8 h） to detect the protein expression levels of ATM， caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 by Western blotting. ATM and GADD45α specific siRNA was transfected into C6 cells and CGNs， and its interference efficiency was verified by q-PCR and Western blotting. CGNs matured for 5 days in vitro were transfected with ATM specific siRNA and pCMV-EGFP by calcium phosphate for 48 h， Hoechst staining and apoptosis analysis were performed. CGNs matured for 7 days in vitro were treated with 25 K medium containing ATM specific inhibitors for 8 h， transcriptome sequencing， differential expression gene identification and pathway enrichment analysis were performed. CGNs matured for 5 days in vitro were co-transfected with GADD45α specific siRNA and pCMV-EGFP by calcium phosphate for 48 h， then treated with 5 K or 25 K medium containing 15 µmol/L Ku6 for 8 h. Hoechst staining and apoptosis analysis were performed. ResultsCompared with the 25 K， CGNs nuclear pyknosis rate， cleaved Caspase-3 and ATM protein expression level were increased in the 5 K and ATM-specific inhibitor groups. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ATM and GADD45α were effectively reduced after transfection of ATM and GADD45α specific siRNA in C6 cells and CGNs. Compared with control， CGNs transfected with ATM specific siRNA showed a higher nuclear pyknosis rate. Totally 835 genes were identified to be up-regulated and 848 genes to be down-regulated in the Ku55933 treatment group； 454 genes were identified to be up-regulated and 314 genes to be down-regulated in the Ku6 treatment group； 274 genes were co-up regulated in the Ku5 and Ku60019 treatment groups， while 179 genes were co-down-regulated in the Ku5 and Ku6 treatment groups and the expression of ATM downstream target GADD45α was upregulated. The enrichment results showed that TNF signaling pathway， NF-κB signaling pathway and Apoptosis signaling pathway were significantly enriched. Compared with control， mRNA and protein expression levels of GADD45α were increased in inhibitor treatment and 5 K， while knocking down GADD45α resulted in a decrease in nuclear pyknosis rate in the Ku60019 and 5 K treatment group. ConclusionLoss of ATM activity induces GADD45α-dependent cerebellar granular neuronal apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo study the constituents migrating to blood of Qingyan formula by serum pharmacochemistry， and investigate the binding energy between these constituents and estrogen receptor （ER）， so as to confirm the pharmacodynamic material basis of Qingyan formula in rats. MethodUltra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field-orbital trap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS） was used to determine the constituents migrating to blood of Qingyan formula in rats by comparing the fingerprint differences of 70% ethanol extract of Qingyan formula， 70% ethanol extract of each single drug in this formula， blank serum and serum after administration of 70% ethanol extract of Qingyan formula， according to the retention time， relative molecular weight and the primary and secondary ion fragments provided by MS. Mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution （0-5 min， 2%-20%B； 5-10 min； 20%-50%B； 10-15 min， 50%-80%B； 15-25 min， 80%-95%B； 25-26 min， 95%-2%B； 26-30 min， 2%B）， the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1 and the injection volume was 5 μL， electrospray ionization was used with detection range of m/z 150-2 000， positive and negative ion scanning modes. Molecular docking technology was used to characterize the binding energy of constituents migrating to blood with ERα and ERβ， and to confirm the material basis of this formula. ResultAfter oral administration of Qingyan formula， 30 components were detected in serum， of which 9 were prototype components and 21 were metabolites. Nine prototype components were identified as monotropein， asperuloside， verbascoside， β-ecdysone， allantoin， deacetyl asperuloside acid， echinacoside， betaine and caffeic acid， 21 metabolites mainly included organic acids， amino acids， cholines and so on. The binding energies of the above 9 prototype components with ERα were -6.7， -8.9， -6.0， -5.7， -5.3， -4.9， -7.3， -3.3， -6.3 kcal·mol^-1 （1 kcal≈4 184 J）， and the binding energies of them with ERβ were -6.6， -7.2， -7.7， 8.0， -7.4， -5.5， -6.9， -3.6， -6.4 kcal·mol^-1， respectively. ConclusionThese nine prototype components into blood are the active ingredients of Qingyan formula that play estrogen-like role in the body， which can provide experimental basis for the formulation of quality standards and subsequent research and development of Qingyan formula.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Cuscutae Semen total flavonoids combined with Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets （TWPT） on ovarian germline stem cells of female physiological mice through neurogenic locus notch homolog （Notch） signaling pathway. MethodSixty female Kunming mice （5 weeks old） were randomly divided into normal group， Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets low-， high-dose groups （13.65 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 27.3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， 1 and 2 times clinical equivalent dose）， Cuscutae Semen total flavonoids low- and high-dose groups （150 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 300 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and combination group （13.65 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 TWPT and 150 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 Cuscutae Semen total flavonoids）， with 10 in each group. After 3 weeks of continuous administration， the uterus/brain and ovarian/brain indexes were calculated， and the pathological changes of ovarian tissue were observed under light microscope. The content of estradiol in serum was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to observe the expressions of germline stem cell markers in ovarian epithelium， including mouse vasa homologue （Mvh）， octamer-binding transcription factor 4 （Oct4）， tyrosine-protein kinase receptor （c-kit）， Nanog， Notch signaling pathway molecules， neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 （Notch1）， hes family BHLH transcription factor 1（Hes1）， and jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 （JAG1）. ResultCompared with the normal group， low and high doses of TWPT had no significant effect on the uterus/brain and ovary/brain indexes and the uterus and ovary morphologies of mice， while only the number of atretic follicles was increased （P<0.01）. The expressions of ovarian germline stem cell markers and Notch signaling pathway molecules had a decreasing trend in TWPT low-dose group， while the expressions of Mvh， c-kit， and Nanog were down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01） and the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 were also reduced （P<0.01） in TWPT high-dose group. However， the above indexes were increased in Cuscutae Semen total flavonoids low-dose group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the low does of TWPT group， the combination group had a decrease in the increased number of atretic follicles （P<0.01）， an improvement in the down-regulated expressions of Mvh and Nanog （P<0.01）， and an increase in the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionOvarian germline stem cells are the source target of the reproductive toxicity of TWPT. Cuscutae Semen total flavonoids participate in the regulation of the germline stem cell pathways to alleviate the reproductive toxicity caused by TWPT， and its mechanism of action may be related to the Notch signaling pathway.