Objective: To explore the application of the 3D precise digital technology in restoring structural defects of the orbital region. Methods: Structural defects of the orbital region concerning on osseous structure and soft tissue were restored in one stage or stages using EH composite artificial bone prosthesis with complex three-dimensional structure. The fabrication of EH composite artificial bone prosthesis was based on CT scanning and 3D reconstruction of the skull with computer aided data analysis and design. The appearance, degree of satisfaction and the complications were evaluated in postoperative regular follow-up. Results: Five cases of structural defects in the orbital regions presenting bone defect and soft tissue abnormality, received treatments in the department from January 2016 to September 2017. The cases consist of one patient with dysplasia following surgical treatment, three with post-traumatic and one with Treacher-Collins syndrome. With the application of individualized EH composite artificial bone fabricated by aforementioned method, all the repair materials presented the ideal three-dimensional structure and coincided well with the defects, and soft tissue restoration of 2 cases was performed in one stage or by stages. Appearance and symmetry of the 5 cases was significantly improved, without complications of infection, rejection, exposure or graft tissue necrosis. All the patients were satisfied with the results. Conclusions In consideration of the capacity to fabricate accurate individualized repair materials, the three-dimensional digital technology plays an important role in the treatment of structural defects in the orbital region, especially the reconstruction of the bony contour. The simple orbital deformities can be treated with the repair materials and correction of soft tissue. For special orbital deformities, attention should be paid to bone structure repair, eye socket reconstruction and filling of orbital contents sequentially.

Objective:To investigate the effect and reasonable strategy of shuffling fat in the treatment of eyelid stick-bone scar cicatricial depression and atrophy.Methods:A retrospective analysis consisted of patients admitted in Plastic Surgery Hospital, CAMS from March 2017 to May 2019, and the inclusion criteria was depressive and atrophic deformities caused by eyelid stick-bone scar. By performing subcutaneous liposuction on the abdomen, the harvested fat was further mechanically refined into shuffling fat. Single serialized shuffling fat injection with a 3-month interval was performed in the orbital region. Approximately 3 months after fat transplantation, symptomatic treatment was performed due to complications of upper eyelid ptosis or ectopic, and fat injection combined with the orbicularis oculi muscle flap was carried out to repair the lower eyelid atrophic deformity. Follow up regularly after the operation to observe the occurrence of complications. Six months after the end of treatment, the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) was used to assess scars, and the doctor-patient comprehensive score was used to assess patient satisfaction.Results:A total of 6 patients with stick-bone scar in the eyelid area were enrolled including 4 males and 2 females, aged 24-53 years old, with an average of 37 years old. The causes of defects included 4 cases of trauma, 2 cases after maxillary osteomyelitis treatment. Duration of disease ranged 1.5-50.0 years, average 14.2 years. Scars were located in the regions of upper eyelid in 4 cases and lower eyelid in 2 cases. Area of depressed region ranged 0.5 cm×2.0 cm-1.5 cm×3.0 cm. After mechanical refinement, the fat texture was more delicate and even. Injection of shuffling fat with the single volume of 0.6 to 1.3 ml was performed 3 to 4 times (average 3.25 times) on the upper eyelid and average 2 times on the lower eyelid, respectively. During the post-operative 6 months, the appearance of all patients was significantly improved, the volume of soft tissues of the eyelid was significantly increased, the pliability and elasticity of the scar tissue was ameliorated, and no complications occurred. The scores of patient scar assessment scale (PSAS) and observer scar assessment scale (OSAS) were (7.0±1.0) and (6.7±1.1), respectively, and the doctor-patient comprehensive score was 4-5 (average 4.5).Conclusions:For upper eyelid, shuffling fat injection has a good therapeutic effect on depressive and atrophic deformity caused by the stick-bone scar by increasing the tissue volume; for lower eyelid, it is necessary to combine the orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap on the basis of shuffling fat transplantation to further increase the support structure for better appearance.

Autologous fat grafting is a commonly used technique to repair soft tissue defects. After more than a hundred years of development, the "precision medicine" technology of autologous fat grafting in terms of processing method, adjuvant therapy, donor site injection levels, preoperative design, and effect evaluation has become more mature. Autologous fat grafting has fully entered a new era of individualized precision medicine.

Objective:To investigate the effect and reasonable strategy of shuffling fat in the treatment of eyelid stick-bone scar cicatricial depression and atrophy.Methods:A retrospective analysis consisted of patients admitted in Plastic Surgery Hospital, CAMS from March 2017 to May 2019, and the inclusion criteria was depressive and atrophic deformities caused by eyelid stick-bone scar. By performing subcutaneous liposuction on the abdomen, the harvested fat was further mechanically refined into shuffling fat. Single serialized shuffling fat injection with a 3-month interval was performed in the orbital region. Approximately 3 months after fat transplantation, symptomatic treatment was performed due to complications of upper eyelid ptosis or ectopic, and fat injection combined with the orbicularis oculi muscle flap was carried out to repair the lower eyelid atrophic deformity. Follow up regularly after the operation to observe the occurrence of complications. Six months after the end of treatment, the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) was used to assess scars, and the doctor-patient comprehensive score was used to assess patient satisfaction.Results:A total of 6 patients with stick-bone scar in the eyelid area were enrolled including 4 males and 2 females, aged 24-53 years old, with an average of 37 years old. The causes of defects included 4 cases of trauma, 2 cases after maxillary osteomyelitis treatment. Duration of disease ranged 1.5-50.0 years, average 14.2 years. Scars were located in the regions of upper eyelid in 4 cases and lower eyelid in 2 cases. Area of depressed region ranged 0.5 cm×2.0 cm-1.5 cm×3.0 cm. After mechanical refinement, the fat texture was more delicate and even. Injection of shuffling fat with the single volume of 0.6 to 1.3 ml was performed 3 to 4 times (average 3.25 times) on the upper eyelid and average 2 times on the lower eyelid, respectively. During the post-operative 6 months, the appearance of all patients was significantly improved, the volume of soft tissues of the eyelid was significantly increased, the pliability and elasticity of the scar tissue was ameliorated, and no complications occurred. The scores of patient scar assessment scale (PSAS) and observer scar assessment scale (OSAS) were (7.0±1.0) and (6.7±1.1), respectively, and the doctor-patient comprehensive score was 4-5 (average 4.5).Conclusions:For upper eyelid, shuffling fat injection has a good therapeutic effect on depressive and atrophic deformity caused by the stick-bone scar by increasing the tissue volume; for lower eyelid, it is necessary to combine the orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap on the basis of shuffling fat transplantation to further increase the support structure for better appearance.

Autologous fat grafting is a commonly used technique to repair soft tissue defects. After more than a hundred years of development, the "precision medicine" technology of autologous fat grafting in terms of processing method, adjuvant therapy, donor site injection levels, preoperative design, and effect evaluation has become more mature. Autologous fat grafting has fully entered a new era of individualized precision medicine.

In this study, the crude polysaccharides was extracted from Shengfupian and purified by Sevag deproteinization. Then, the purified neutral polysaccharide fragment was obtained by the DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 co-lumn. The structure of polysaccharides was characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ion chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Shengfupian polysaccharides, LPS was used to induce inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. The expression of the CD86 antibody on surface of M1 cells, the function of macrophages, and the content of NO and IL-6 in the supernatant were examined. An immunodepression model of H22 tumor-bearing mice was established, and the immunomodulatory activity of Shengfupian polysaccharides was evaluated based on the tumor inhibition rate, immune organ index and function, and serum cytokine levels. Research indicated that Shengfupian polysaccharides(80 251 Da) was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, and fructose with molar ratio of 0.004∶0.018∶0.913∶0.065. It was smooth and lumpy under the scanning electron microscope. In the concentration range of 25-200 μg·mL~(-1), Shengfupian polysaccharides exhibited little or no toxicity to RAW264.7 cells and could inhibit the polarization of cells to the M1 type and reduce the content of NO and IL-6 in the cell supernatant. It could suppress the phagocytosis of cells at the concentration of 25 μg·mL~(-1), while enhancing the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells within the concentration range of 100-200 μg·mL~(-1). The 200 mg·kg~(-1) Shengfupian polysaccharides could alleviate the spleen injury caused by cyclophosphamide, increase the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, and decrease the level of TNF-α in the serum of mice. In conclusion, Shengfupian polysaccharides has anti-inflammatory effect and weak immunomodulatory effect, which may the material basis of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia for dispelling cold and relieving pain.
Animals ; Mice ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Polysaccharides/chemistry* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry* ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared

There are many kinds of processed products of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP), but their differences in toxicity and efficacy have not been identified. The minimum premature ventricular contraction (PVC) method was used to evaluate the biological toxicity of eight processed products. The results showed that the minimal toxic dose (MTD) of an ethanol extract of Shengfupian (SFP) was 0.16 g·kg^-1, which was much lower than that of Heishunpian (HSP), Baifupian (BFP), Baofupian (BAP), Paofuzi (PFZ) or Zhengfupian (ZFP), with MTDs ranging from 2.64 to 5.75 g·kg^-1. No cardiotoxicity was detected with Chaofupian (CFP) and Paotianxiong (PTX). A novel +dp/dt_max assay for acute heart failure in rats was developed to evaluate the cardiac activity. It was found that all eight processed products had cardiac effects, with Shengfupian showing the strongest cardiotonic effect and the ability to restore damaged cardiac function to normal within 15 minutes of injection. Heishunpian, Baifupian and the three other products displayed moderate activity, while Paofuzi and Paotianxiong were the weakest. An LC-MS/MS method was utilized to determine the content of 13 alkaloids in water extracts. The results demonstrated that hypertoxic aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine could not be detected, higenamine was only present in Shengfupian, and salsolinol was about 4-56 times higher in Shengfupian than in other products. A correlation analysis showed that salsolinol had the best correlation with the cardiotonic index, with a correlation coefficient as high as 0.817, while the three monoester alkaloids failed to correlate with the cardiotonic effect. Higenamine and salsolinol were cardiotonic, while the 11 other components had no cardiotonic activity. This study establishes methods for precise evaluation of cardiotoxicity and cardiac activity, reveals the toxicity and efficacy of common processed products, and identifies the key quality markers for cardiac activity, providing scientific support for the quality evaluation and clinical application of processed products of aconite.

Objective:To analyze the odorous components and their contents in raw products, wine-processed products, vinegar-processed products and wheat bran-processed products of Periplaneta americana. Method:Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used to extract the volatile components from different processed products, the chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the relative contents of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method. Result:A total of 41, 32, 40 and 47 components were respectively identified from raw, wine-processed, vinegar-processed and wheat bran-processed products of P. americana, involving a total of 13 common components. Conclusion:The odorous components in the raw products are mainly derived from aldehydes, alcohols, amines, hydrocarbons and other volatile substances. Odorous components can be reduced effectively and flavoring substances can be increased by wine, vinegar and wheat bran processing. This study provides a scientific basis for the further study of correcting odor of P. americana, it also provides a reference for analysis and correction of odor of animal medicines.

Aconite is a valuable drug and also a toxic material, which can be used only after detoxification processing. Although traditional processing methods can achieve detoxification effect as desired, there are some obvious drawbacks, including a significant loss of alkaloids and poor quality consistency. It is thus necessary to develop a new detoxification approach. In the present study, we designed a novel one-step detoxification approach by quickly drying fresh-cut aconite particles. In order to evaluate the technical advantages, the contents of mesaconitine, aconitine, hypaconitine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine, neoline, fuziline, songorine, and talatisamine were determined using HPLC and UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Multivariate analysis methods, such as Clustering analysis and Principle component analysis, were applied to determine the quality differences between samples. Our results showed that traditional processes could reduce toxicity as desired, but also led to more than 85.2% alkaloids loss. However, our novel one-step method was capable of achieving virtually the same detoxification effect, with only an approximately 30% alkaloids loss. Cluster analysis and Principal component analysis analyses suggested that Shengfupian and the novel products were significantly different from various traditional products. Acute toxicity testing showed that the novel products achieved a good detoxification effect, with its maximum tolerated dose being equivalent to 20 times of adult dosage. And cardiac effect testing also showed that the activity of the novel products was stronger than that of traditional products. Moreover, particles specification greatly improved the quality consistency of the novel products, which was immensely superior to the traditional products. These results would help guide the rational optimization of aconite processing technologies, providing better drugs for clinical treatment.
Aconitum ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Alkaloids ; adverse effects ; analysis ; toxicity ; Animals ; Cardiovascular Agents ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; standards ; toxicity ; Desiccation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; standards ; toxicity ; Male ; Maximum Tolerated Dose ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods