The present study was performed with morphological and molecular analysis (cox1 and nad1 mitochondrial genes) to identify the proglottids of spirometrid tapeworm found in the stool of an African lion, Panthera leo, in the Serengeti plain of Tanzania. A strand of tapeworm strobila, about 75 cm in length, was obtained in the stool of a male African lion in the Serengeti National Park (34° 50′ E, 02° 30′ S), Tanzania, in February 2012. The morphological features of the adult worm examined exhibited 3 uterine coils with a bow tie appearance and adopted a diagonal direction in the second turn. The posterior uterine coils are larger than terminal uterine ball and the feature of uteri are swirling rather than spirally coiling. The sequence difference between the Spirometra species (Tanzania origin) and S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680) was 9.4% while those of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) differed by 2.1% in the cox1 and nad1 genes. Phylogenetic tree topologies generated using the 2 analytic methods were identical and presented high level of confidence values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in the cox1 gene. The morphological and molecular findings obtained in this study were nearly coincided with those of S. ranarum. Therefore, we can know for the first time that the African lion, Panthera leo, is to the definitive host of this tapeworm.
Adult ; Cestoda ; Humans ; Lions ; Male ; Panthera ; Parks, Recreational ; Spirometra ; Tanzania ; Trees ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Atrial Fibrillation ; LEOPARD Syndrome* ; Panthera*

No abstract available.
Tigers

LEOPARD syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disease with multiple congenital anomalies. LEOPARD is an acronym for Lentigines, Electrocardiographic conduction defects, Ocular hypertelorism, Pulmonary stenosis, Abnormalities of the genitalia, Retardation of growth, and Deafness. The disorder is caused by mutations in the PTPN11 gene or RAF1 gene. Here we report two typical cases of LEOPARD syndrome with lentigines, electrocardiograph abnormality, ocular hypertelorism which were proven to be the results of genetic mutations. Moreover, one 12-year-old boy showed growth retardation, deficiency in testosterone; the other 5-year-old girl had undergone implantation of a cochlear device and was diagnosed as having hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which has been managed with a beta blocker. Each patient showed a PTPN11 gene mutation: Thr468Met in exon 12 and Tyr279Cys in exon 7, respectively.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Deafness ; Electrocardiography ; Exons ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Lentigo ; LEOPARD Syndrome ; Panthera ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

LEOPARD multiple congenital anomaly syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. LEOPARD is an acronym for Lentigines, Eletrocardiographic conduction defects, Ocular hypertelorism, Pulmonary valve stenosis, Abnormalities of the genitalia, Retardation of growth, and Deafness. Clinical diagnosis is primarily based on multiple lentigines, typical facial features, and the presence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and/or cafe-au-lait macules. We report a typical case of LEOPARD syndrome with PTPN11 gene mutation associated with lentigines, electrocardiograph abnormality, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonary valve stenosis, growth retardation, and sensorineural hearing loss.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Deafness ; Electrocardiography ; Genitalia ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Hypertelorism ; Lentigo ; LEOPARD Syndrome ; Panthera ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Intercostal abdominal hernia in the 11th intercostal space was identified in a leopard cat. Although mild leukopenia was found in laboratory examinations, no remarkable abnormality was revealed in medical imaging. To investigate abdominal organs, diagnostic laparoscopy was performed after hernia repair. In laparoscopic view, closure of the herniation site and a lesion with whitish discoloration in the liver (left medial lobe) were observed. Subsequently, laparoscopic liver biopsy was performed against the affected hepatic tissue. Histologically, the sample was diagnosed as mild hepatic lipidosis. Laparoscopy is considered useful for abdominal visceral examination and liver biopsy in a leopard cat patient.
Animals ; Biopsy ; Cats* ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Hernia, Abdominal* ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Laparoscopy* ; Leukopenia ; Lipidoses* ; Liver ; Panthera*

Leopard attacks on humans are reported most often from the Indian subcontinent. The bite wounds are complex injuries infected with polymicrobial inoculum and may present as punctures, abrasions, lacerations or avulsions. The presentation and acceptable treatment of these injuries vary according to the wound. We hereby describe the clinical presentation and treatment of a male victim with leopard bite injuries on the head and neck region. As bite injuries are commonly found on and around the face, maxillofacial surgeons should be familiar with the therapy. Through thorough clinical and radiological examination, it is essential to prevent missing any hidden injuries, which can easily turn lethal. To benefit the rural population, more health facilities need to be established in remote areas.
Animals ; Bites and Stings/therapy* ; Facial Injuries/therapy* ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Neck Injuries/therapy* ; Panthera

Leopard syndrome, a feature of a syndrome, is a acronym of Lentiginosis, Electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, Ocular hypertelorism, Pulmonic stenosis, Abnormal genitalia, Retardation of growth, and Deafness. It is one of the autosomal dominant neurocutaneous traits accompanied by neurologic abnormality. We have experienced a case of Leopoard syndrome associated with 46,XX pure gonadal dysgenesis, which was diagnosed by laparoscopic biopsy, karyotyping, and dermatologic consultation. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures. In our knowledge, this very rare case is presented for the first time in Korea.
Biopsy ; Deafness ; Electrocardiography ; Genitalia ; Gonadal Dysgenesis* ; Gonads* ; Hypertelorism ; Karyotyping ; Korea ; Lentigo ; LEOPARD Syndrome* ; Panthera* ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

LEOPARD syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited multiple congenital anomaly syndrome with high penetrance and a markedly variable expression. LEOPARD is an acronym of lentigines, electrocardiographic conduction defects, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonary stenosis, abnormalities of the genitalia, retardation of growth, and deafness. We report a typical case of LEOPARD syndrome which developed in an 11-year-old girl who had symptoms of lentigines, EKG abnormality, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonary stenosis, growth retardation, and sensorineural hearing loss.
Child ; Deafness ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Genitalia ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Lentigo ; LEOPARD Syndrome* ; Panthera* ; Penetrance ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most frequent clinical manifestations of patients who suffer with multi-systemic genetic disorders. HL in association with other physical stigmata is referred to as a syndromic form of HL. LEOPARD syndrome (LS) is one of the disorders with syndromic HL and it is caused by a mutation in the PTPN11 or RAF1 gene. In general, 5 year old children who undergo cochlear implantation usually show a marked change in behavior regarding sound detection within the first 6 months of implant use, but word identification may not be exhibited for at least another 6-12 months of implant use. We herein report on a 5-year-old girl with LS. Her clinical manifestations including bilateral sensorineural HL, which indicated the diagnosis of LS. We confirmed the diagnosis by identifying a disease-causing mutation in the PTPN11 gene, which was a heterozygous missense mutation Ala461Thr (c.1381G>A). She underwent cochlear implantation (CI) without complications and she is currently on regular follow-up at postoperative 1 year. This is the first reported case of CI in a patient with LS in the medical literature.
Child ; Christianity ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; LEOPARD Syndrome ; Mutation, Missense ; Panthera