A new diamond-based variable spring-mass model has been proposed in this study. It can realize the deformation simulation for different organs by changing the length of the springs, spring coefficient and initial angle. The virtual spring joined in the model is used to provide constraint and to avoid hyperelastic phenomenon when excessive force appears. It is also used for the calculation of force feedback in the deformation process. With the deformation force feedback algorithm, we calculated the deformation area of each layer through screening effective particles, and contacted the deformation area with the force. This simplified the force feedback algorithm of traditional spring-particle model. The deformation simulation was realized by the PHANTOM haptic interaction devices based on this model. The experimental results showed that the model had the advantage of simple structure and of being easy to implement. The deformation force feedback algorithm reduces the number of the deformation calculation, improves the real-time deformation and has a more realistic deformation effect.
Algorithms ; Computer Simulation ; Feedback ; Models, Biological

Objective To explore the status of college students’ attachment and locus of control, and explore their relationship. Methods A total of 198 college students were surveyed adopting Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory and Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Questionnaire. Results The distribution of college student′s attachment type was not balanced,the proportion of dismissing type,security type, fearful type, preoccupied type accounting for 43. 9%,31. 3%,21. 7%,3. 1% respectively. The scores of internality, chance and powerful others were (27. 59 ± 5. 44),(17. 92 ± 6. 66),(17. 70 ± 7. 32) respectively. Attachment avoidance correlated negatively with internality(r= -0. 259,P<0. 01), and positively with chance and powerful others(r=0. 206,0. 221,P<0. 01);besides there was a positive correlation between attachment anxiety and chance,powerful others(r=0. 378, 0. 410,P<0. 01). Attachment avoidance had prediction on internality(R2 =0. 067,P<0. 01). Attachment anxiety had prediction on chance and powerful others(R2 =0. 143,0. 168,P<0. 01). Conclusion College students’ at-tachment has significant effects on locus of control.

The current situation of medical information was analyzed by displaying the co-appearance of countries and time, top 5 journals and co-appearance of subject headings in papers on medical information published in 1995-2014 with the papers on medical informatics covered in ISI Web of Science Database as an sample , in order to promote the study and provide reference for the related persons and institutions .

A mathematical model of competition-type lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was developed to describe the dynamic process of LFIA.The competition-type LFIA was divided into two categories: TwA-competition-type LFIA and TnA-competition-type LFIA.On the basis of the developed model, the COMSOL software was exploited to simulate the dynamic process of LFIA.The simulation result demonstrated the relationships between the concentrations of substances on the test and control lines and the influence factors.In particular, the influence factors in the TwA-competition-type LFIA included the concentrations of target analyte A (0-20 mol/L) and reporter particle P (0.01-100 mol/L), and the position of the test line (5-20 mm).On the other hand, the influence factors in the TnA-competition-type LFIA included the concentrations of target analyte A (0-20 mol/L) and reporter particle P (0.01-100 mol/L), and the porosity.Experiment result showed that the developed model could be used to explore the influence of the parameters on the test results, and optimize the performance of LFIA.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of SNPscan and Sanger sequence which are both used to detect the common deafness gene mutations in non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) in Gansu Province.Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from Dongxiang, Yugu and Baoan people with moderately severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in Gansu province to extract genomic DNA.SNPscan was used to detect the 115 mutations in the common pathogenic GJB2 gene, SLC26A4 gene and mtDNA gene.Results We used the SNPscan to screen the mutation of GJB2 gene,mtDNA A1555G and mtDNA C1494T, SLC26A4 gene of sensorinural deafness patients from Gansu Province.The mutation rate of these three genes was 23.18% (35/151), and the mutation rate of Dongxiang, Yugu, Baoan was 21.31% (26/122), 54.54% (6/11), 16.67% (3/18), respectively.Compared with the Sanger sequence, the results were statistically insignificant(P>0.05).The detection rates in the three genes of SNPscan were 11.26% (17/151), 1.32% (2/151) and 0.66% (1/151),respectively , and the detection rates of Sanger sequence were 9.93% (15/151), 1.32% (2/151) and 0.66% (1/151) ,respectively.The results of the two methods were compared.The results were statistically insignificant (P>0.05).Time, cost and flux, SNPscan method is superior to Sanger sequencing.Conclusion Compared with the Sanger sequence, SNPscan is more lighter in workload, less time-consuming, higher-throughput, lower cost, and can get more meaningful mutations and reduce the false negative rates.

Objective:To analyze the repeatability of keratometry and astigmatism values measured by the OPD-Scan Ⅲ and the agreement of the parameters measured by OPD-Scan Ⅲ and Pentacam.Methods:A diagnostic test study design was adopted.Fifty patients (100 eyes) with refractive errors, aged from 21 to 35 years old, were selected from Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University during August 2018.Spherical equivalent, astigmatim degree and axis were measured by Autorefraction.Corneal biometric measurements were measured three times continuously with the above two instruments.Keratometry values at the flat axis (K1), keratometry values at the steep axis (K2), astigmatim degree, axis, vector parameters J0 (Jackson cross cylinder at 0°or 180°) and J45 (Jackson cross cylinder at 45°) were recorded.Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for repeatability analysis.Wilcoxon signed rank test, Spearman correlation analysis and Bland-Altman graphs were employed to analyze the comparability.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University (No.SLER2018112). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any examination.Results:The ICC of K1, K2, astigmatism, astigmatic axis, J0 and J45 measured by OPD-Scan Ⅲ were all greater than 0.900; the ICC of the astigmatism measured by Pentacam was 0.896, and the ICC of the other parameters measured by Pentacam were greater than 0.900; The values of K2, astigmatism, J0 and J45 measured by OPD-Scan Ⅲ were greater than those measured by Pentacam, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The values of K1, K2, astigmatism degree, axis, J0 and J45 measured by OPD-Scan Ⅲ were positively correlated with those measured by Pentacam (r s=0.981, 0.982, 0.900, 0.737, 0.921, 0.703, all at P<0.01). The 95% agreement of limits (LOA) of K1, K2, astigmatism, axis, J0 and J45 measurement difference between OPD-Scan Ⅲ and Pentacam were -0.52-0.50 D, -0.39-0.59 D, -0.37-0.48 D, -17.29°-20.38°, -0.12-0.24 D and -0.22-0.28 D, respectively. Conclusions:OPD-Scan Ⅲ has high credibility in measuring corneal refractive power and astigmatism degree, but its 95% LOA of astigmatism axis is too large to be accepted clinically.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of GJB2 ,SLC26A4 and mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA m .1555A>G(mtDNA 1555A>G) mutations in Hui ethic group patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) from Northwest China .Methods A total of 420 peripheral blood samples were collected from unrelated Hui ethic group probands with NSHL in Northwest China .Amplified the target gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) af-ter extracting genomic DNA from whole blood .The mtDNA 1555A>G mutation was detected by PCR -Alw26I di-gestion ,then direct sequencing was used to the positive samples of mtDNA 1555A> G ,the coding region of GJB2 gene ,exon 8 and 19 of SLC26A4 gene .Results There were 11(2 .62% ) cases caused by mtDNA 1555A>G homo-zygous mutation in 420 patients with NSHL .There were 41(9 .76% ) cases including homozygote and compound het-erozygote ,caused by GJB2 gene mutation ,which was the most frequent deafness -related gene .The allel frequency of c .235delC accounted for 6 .90% ,as well as the most frequent(51 .33% ) mutational pattern in GJB2 gene .There were 20 patients(4 .76% ) were found carring two allel mutations in SLC26A4 gene .The allel frequency of c .919 -2A>G was 5 .0% ,accounting for a total of 68 .85% in all base alterations of SLC26A4 gene ,which was the major mutant form of SLC26A4 gene .Conclusion GJB2 gene is the most common deafness -gene in Hui ethnic group pa-tients with NSHL from Northwest China ,while c .235delC is the main mutant form ,and c .919-2A>G is the hot-spot mutation of SLC26A4 gene .Through this study we can provide the molecular epidemiology basis for Hui ethnic group patients with NSHL from Northwest China in genetic diagnosis ,genetic counseling and therapy by associated testing of three frequent hearing loss genes .

Objective To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of GJB2 mutations in Uygur,Hui, Kazak and Kirgiz ethnic patients with non-syndromic hearing loss(NSHL)from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.Methods With the permission,we collected 565 patients with moderately severe to profound sen-sorineural hearing loss,including Uygur,Hui,Kazak and Kirgiz ethnic minorities from 14 cities of Xinjiang.Pe-ripheral blood samples were obtained to extract genomic DNA.The SNP classification technology was for common pathogenic GJB2 gene mutations.ResuIts The pathogenic allele frequency of GJB2 gene were 10.16%(87/856 ), 15.85%(13/82),10.16%(13/128),1.56%(1/64)in the NSHL patients of Uygur,Hui,Kazak and Kirgiz minori-ties,respectively.And these differences were statistically significant (χ2 =8.140,P=0.043).c.235delc was only found in the Uygur and Hui with the allele frequency of 5.14 %(44/856)and 13.41 %(11/82),respectively.And c.35delG was found in Uyhur,Hui,Kazak and Kirgiz with allele frequencies were 3.15% (27/856),1.21% (1/82),8.59%(11/128)and 1.56% (1/64),respectively.ConcIusion GJB2 gene mutations had a higher incidence in Xinjiang NSHL patients,GJB2 gene mutation spectrum had differences in Uygur,Hui,Kazak and Kirgiz,c. 235delC the hotspot mutation region in Uygur and Hui nationalities NSHL patients,while c.35delG is the hotspot mutation region in NSHL patients of Uygur,Kazak and Kirgiz ethnicities.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors and related countermeasures of malnutrition in patients with chronic liver failure (CLF) .Methods:The convenient sampling method was used to select 80 CLF patients admitted to Hangzhou First People's Hospital from March 2019 to March 2021. The clinical data of CLF patients were collected and patients were divided into the malnutrition group (57 cases) and the non-malnutrition group (23 cases) according to the presence or absence of malnutrition. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of malnutrition in CLF patients, and to propose corresponding nursing strategies.Results:The incidence of malnutrition in 80 CLF patients was 71.25%. Between malnutrition group and non-malnutritrion group, there were statistical differences in age, smoking, body mass index (BMI) , disease course, etiological composition, Child-Push classification, number of adverse events, triceps skin fold thickness (TSF) , arm muscle circumference (AMC) , gastrocnemius muscle circumference (GC) , prealbumin (PA) and albumin (ALB) ( P<0.05) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, smoking, etiology, Child-Push classification and number of adverse events were the influencing factors of malnutrition in CLF patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:There are many influencing factors of malnutrition in CLF patients, and medical staff should warn the relevant factors and give targeted predictive nursing interventions to reduce the risk of malnutrition in patients.

Purpose/Significance To analyze relevant patented technologies,and to provide experience for medical and commercial health insurance institutions to break through the data interaction blocking point and construct a multi-level medical security system.Method/Process The patentometrics method is used to analyze the data interaction patent technology between medical and health insurance institutions from four aspects:time trend,regional distribution,category distribution and text clustering.Result/Conclusion China should pay attention to the role of data interaction in deepening cooperation between medical and insurance institutions,improve the declaration,authorization,application and protection of high-quality patents,pay attention to cross-border integration and technology-driven,and innovate patent layout to meet technological development and social needs.