At nasopharyngeal carcinoma high-prevalence area,serum EB virus antibody screening is main method to improve the early diagnosis rate,then further improve the survival rate of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.But there is still wedknesses on nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening protocol.For example misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis are major problems.More intensive screening studies should been done to improved early diagnosis rate.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy has been proved to be the standard treatment for early breast cancer patients with negative axillary lymph node. The study related to the tracer has become one of the hottest topics in breast cancer research. At present, the biopsy is often performed using the tracer of isotope, blue dye or both of them. However, some deifciencies of the 2 tracers restrained their applications, which resulted that the rate of the procedure is limited to only about 60% of patients in developed countries and less than 5% of patients in China and other developing countries. In recent years, a variety of new tracers have emerged, such as indocyanine green, contrast-enhanced ultra-sound using microbubbles, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. In this article, we introduced the characteristics of these 3 substances and reviewed the related research on the new tracers. In conclusion, the new tracers are still in the preliminary stage of research, and further research is needed for clinical application.

ObjectiveTo detect the mRNA expression levels of RORγt and Foxp3 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) of children with atopic dermatitis(AD),and to explore their possible roles in the development of AD.MethodsSixty-three children with AD and 54 age-matched normal children were eligible for this study.Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was carried out to measure the mRNA expressions of RORγt and Foxp3 genes in PBMCs of these subjects.ResultsThe relative expression levels of Foxp3 and RORγt mRNA were significantly higher in children with AD compared with the normal controls (2.4060 ± 0.3355 vs.1.1852 ± 0.4189,t =17.50,P＜ 0.01; 6.9130 ± 0.2046 vs.2.7501 ± 0.2518,t =98.63,P ＜ 0.01 ).A statistical increase was observed in the level of RORγt mRNA in children with severe AD compared with children with mild and moderate AD(7.1203 ± 0.1056 vs.6.8046 ± 0.1731 and 6.8655 ± 0.3671,t =6.61,5.23,both P ＜ 0.01).No significant difference was noted in the expression of RORγt mRNA between children with mild and moderate AD,or in the Foxp3 mRNA expression among children with mild,moderate and severe AD.The severity of AD was positively correlated with the level of RORγt mRNA (r =0.62,P ＜ 0.01 ),but uncorrelated with the level of Foxp3 mRNA(r =0.04,P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsThe high expressions of RORγt and Foxp3 genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD,and the severity of AD is positively correlated with the expression intensity of RORγt gene.

The mainstay of nonpharmacological therapy of chronic heart failure patients is low sodium diet. This paper introduced the modified and unmodified influencing factors of patient compliance to low-sodium diet in chronic heart failure patients in order to provide new clues for the development of patient compliance.

Objective:To do confirmatory factor analysis to prove structure validity of Mental Health Scale for Primary School Students.Method:Data was collected from 2030 primary school students and was analyzed by LISREL 8.0 program. Result:The subscales of Mental Health Scale for Primary School Students had good structure validity, the sample data fit for the hypothesized model. Except that for Interpersonal Relationship subscale, the indexes of other subscales (Learning subscale, self subscale and adjustment subscale) fit for the model with all coefficients over 0.9, these indexes were GFI?AGFI?NFI?NNFI?CFI?IFI. For the total scale, four latent variables had loaded to the observed items significantly, the whole scale had perfect fit between the observed data and hypothesized structure.Conclusion:Mental Health Scale for Primary School Students has good psychometric quality and can be used for Chinese primary school pupils.

Objective:To observe the differences in the dynamic change of the EB virus antibody between general population and first-degree relatives (FDR) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients during follow-up study one year after initial screening and discuss the difference among the nasopharyngeal carcinoma detections. Methods: Serologic data of all subjects that participated in the fol-low-up study were collected. Changes in EB virus antibodies were investigated and correlation of these changes with gender and age level was analyzed. Differences in the nasopharyngeal cancer detection rate of different populations were also compared. Results:NA1/IgA negative conversion rate was higher in the family group than in the control group (χ2=20.28, P<0.001). This rate was also higher in both male and female family groups than in the male and female control groups (χ2=22.59, P<0.001;χ2=4.03, P<0.05, respectively). NA1/IgA positive conversion rate was lower in the family group than in the control group (χ2=7.79, P<0.05). Likewise, this rate was lower in both male and female family groups than in the male and female control groups (χ2=9.46, P<0.05;χ2=0.74, P=0.39, respective-ly). VCA/IgA negative conversion rate was higher in the family group than in the control group (χ2=1.90, P<0.001). This rate was also higher in the male and female family groups than in the male and female control groups (χ2=7.50, P<0.05; χ2=no expression, P=0.108, determined by Fish exact test, respectively). VCA/IgA positive conversion rate was higher in the family group than in the control group (χ2=0.10, P=0.70). This rate was again higher in both male and female family groups than in the male and female control groups (χ2=0.02, P=0.90,χ2=0.51, P=0.48, respectively). Ten cases from the control group manifested nasopharyngeal carcinoma;the same disease was not observed in the family group. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the family group, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=1.05, P=0.31). Conclusion:a. Reactivation of the EB virus is not closely linked with genetic factors. b. The detection rate of NPC in FDR was lower compared with the general population after initial screening;thus, the rule of selective follow-up is not applicable for FDR.

The intestinal permeability is crucial for human health,and the changes of intestinal permeability may cause variety of diseases,which is widely concerned.This article reviews the latest research progress in the relationship between intestinal permeability and diseases,the main influencing factors of intestinal permeability and its common testing methods,which may provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of related diseases.

Interventions of expressive writing in cancer patients are mainly implemented in foreign countries. This paper reviews the proposal and development, implementation methods and mechanisms of expressive writing, and its effect on health outcomes of cancer patients, which indicates the population sensitivity and cultural sensitivity.In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the intermediary variables, objective index and the analysis of the writing text in order to fully explain the mechanism and identify the social psychological needs of cancer patients at different stages. Future research can focus on sensitive populations, explore intermediary variables, incorporate objective indicators, optimize intervention methods, and explore the best intervention model for localization.

Objective To systematically analyze the current situation of case‐control studies published on Chinese nursing ac‐ademic journals and provide references for future researches .Methods All literatures related to case‐control studies published on Chinese nursing academic journals were retrieved from CNKI ,CBM ,Wangfang databases ,and VIP by computer .The literatures were analyzed by bibliometrics method .Results Totally 77 literatures published in 17 journals were retrieved .The number of liter‐atures revealed an increasing tendency .T he content of these literatures involved 11 nursing fields ,such as medicine nursing ,surgery nursing ,and fundamental nursing .29 .9% of studies were supported by research grants .On the other side ,authors were located in 18 provinces ,autonomous regions and municipalities .Meanwhile ,most of them were from developed regions and worked in medical institutions .Conclusion The method of case‐control studies have gradually gained recognition of Chinese nursing researchers . However ,the number of case‐control studies were still small .Nursing researchers should be encouraged to conduct case‐control studies actively and apply this kind of method in more extensive fields of nursing .

A cadmium column reduction-azo dyes spectrophotometric method based on micro sequential injection lab-on-valve was established for the determination of total nitrogen in seawater. The experimental parameters were optimized, and the interference experiment was carried out. The results showed that the interference of the main components and salinity in sea water could be eliminated by using a series of standard solution prepared by national standard seawater with certain salinity. The concentration of total nitrogen in seawater was linear with the absorbance in the range of 0 . 03-1 . 00 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0. 9993. When determining the national standard seawater at nitrogen concentration of 0. 20 mg/L, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 4. 9%, the detection limit was 0. 010 mg/L, and the recoveries were 99. 5%-101 . 1%. There were not significance differences between the results of this method and national standard method in the t-test analysis. The method is suitable for the determination of total nitrogen in seawater.