Objective To study the shielding effect of equivalent thickness and size of lead glasses on eye lens of interventional radiologists.Methods Based on the human voxel phantom and MCNPX software,doses to eye lens of radiologists were simulated under different conditions of wearing lead glasses and beam projections,and measurements were performed with anthropomorphic phantom placed with eye lens dosimeters to verify simulation results.Results The results showed that the dose to eye lens reduced by a factor from 3 to 9 when the equivalent thickness of glasses ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 mm Pb with a len size of 20 cm2.The dose reduction factors (DRF) not only depended on the lead equivalent,but also on the beam projection of X-rays.However,the increase in DRF was not significant whenever the lead equivalent of glasses was larger than 0.35 mm.Furthermore,the DRF was proportional to the size of glass lens from 6 to 30 cm2 with the same lead equivalent.The simulation results were in well agreement with the measured ones.Conclusions For more reasonable and effective protection of the eye lens of interventional radiologists,a pair of glasses with a lead equivalent of 0.5 mm and large-sized lens is recommended.

Objective To observe the effects of wild jujube seed decoction(WJSD) on ultrastructure and astrocytes expression in the brain cortex of old model rats with blood-deficiency and Yin and sleep deprivation(SD)after SD. Methods Ultrastructural changes in cortical parts of the experiment rat were observed by transmission electron microscopy , immunohistochemical staining was used to detect star-shaped glial cells marker-glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) expression after SD induced by made-self multiple platform method (MMPM), senescence induced by D-galactose, and Yin and blood-deficiency induced by cyclophosphamide and hydrocortisonum. Results Compared to environmental control group((9.8 ± 2.5), (0.11 ± 0.02) ) , syndrome model group (( 20.4 ±4.4), (0.20 ±0.011) ) rats had obvious ultrastructural changes and stronger expression of GFAP in cortical parts (t = 7.63,3.18, P ＜ 0. 01), while those of W J SD of high and low dose group ((14.4 ± 3.9), (15.5 ± 6.4),(0.14 ±0.02)(0.14±0.02)) rats showed weaker(t=6.32,5.24,2.31,2.45, P＜0.05). Conclusion WJSD of large and small lose group could improve the rats neurons pathological changes,WJSD downward adjusting the expression of GFAP may be one of the mechanisms of treatment on insomnia with blood-deficiency and Yin in the old.

Objective To introduce the competing risk model into outcome prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of seniors and to explore influencing factors for the prognosis of MCI to Alzheimer' s disease (AD).Methods Data were collected from six follow-up visits to 600 seniors from communities in Taiyuan city,which were conducted at an interval of six months from October 2010 to May 2013.MCI state was defined as the transient state,AD and death before AD as two absorbing states (death before AD in which was regarded as a competing risk event),building the competing risk model to identify the model parameters,and to explore influencing factors on MCI prognosis to AD.In the meantime,the 3-year MCI-AD transition probability was estimated based on the multi-state Markov model.Results Based on screening with the multivariate competing risk model analysis,factors such as higher age (estimate HR=1.56,95％CI:1.01-2.39),female gender (HR=1.72,95％CI:1.02-2.92),higher education(HR=0.64,95％CI:0.41-1.00),reading frequently (HR=0.57,95％CI:0.32-0.99),hypertension (HR=3.43,95％CI:1.08-10.85) and high SBP(HR=1.67,95％CI:1.04-2.66),were statistically significant for transition from MCI to AD in three years.3-year MCI-AD transition probability was 10.7％(95％CI:8.6％-13.2％).Conclusion Age,gender,education,reading and blood pressure were the influencing factors for the prognosis of MCI to AD.Competing risk model was advantageous in studying longitudinal data with multiple potential outcomes.

Objective To study the time extended for getting emergency intervention in different modes of transportation and factors influencing the modes of transportation of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods A total of 564 consecutive patients with STEMI admitted from September 2013 to June 2016 were enrolled in the study.The clinical data about time consumed for getting emergency intervention and modes of transportation were collected.Results According to the mode of transportation,patients were divided into three groups:emergency care system (EMS) transportation group (n =96),self-transportation group (n =206) and referral group in which the patients were sent in from other hospitals (n =262).EMS transportation group had significantly shorter total ischemic time before emergency treatment than self-transportation group (229 rin vs.418 min,P ＜ 0.05) and referral group (229 min vs.512 rin,P ＜ 0.05),and significantly shorter length of pre-hospital time than self-arrival group (55 min vs.110 min;P＜0.05) and referral group (55 min vs.372 min;P＜0,05).The referral group had longer pre-hospital time and the self-transportation group had longer door-to-balloon time,but there was no difference in total ischemic time between the self-arrival and referral group (Z =-1.882,P =0.068).Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze influence factors in mode of transportation:(1) patients characterized with high school or university education,profession of civil service,and their transportation distance more than 30 km were greater in number than referral group (P ＜ 0.05);(2) patients identified with senior middle school education,staff member of public sectors or company,their transportation distance less than 30 km,and with killip grade above Ⅱ were more likely to have EMS transport (P ＜ 0.05);(3) patients defined as businessmen without taking out new rural cooperative medical insurance,taking up transportation distance less than 80 km,and subjecting to killip grade Ⅰ had a higher proportion of individuals of this kind taking self-transportation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mode of transportation is an important factor that affects the time extended to get emergency intervention.Education level,occupation,medical insurance type,transportation distance,killip grade are associated with modes of transport.

Objective:To investigate the application value of totally laparoscopic trans-abdominal-hiatal approach in the radical resection of Siewert type Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of esophago-gastric junction (AEG).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 45 patients with Siewert type Ⅱ AEG who were admitted to the Affiliated Hangzhou First People′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from May 2017 to December 2020 were collected. There were 28 males and 17 females, aged from 35 to 85 years, with a median age of 64 years. All patients underwent radical resection of AEG by totally laparoscopic trans-abdominal-hiatal approach with gastrointestinal anastomosis using proximal gastrectomy with double-tract anastomosis or total gastrectomy with esophagojejunointestinal anastomosis and digestive reconstruction using transdiaphragmatic-hiatal superior overlap esophagojejunostomy. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative situations; (2) postoperative histopathological examination; (3) follow-up and survival situations. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect survival of patients and tumor recurrence and metastasis up to March 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as Mean± SD and measure-ment data with skewed distribution were presented as M(range). Results:(1) Surgical and post-operative situations: all 45 patients underwent radical resection of AEG by totally laparoscopic transabdominal-hiatal approach successfully, including 35 cases undergoing total gastrectomy with esophagojejunointestinal anastomosis and 10 cases undergoing proximal gastrectomy with double-tract anastomosis. The total operation time, time of lower mediastinal lymph node dissection, time of superior overlap esophagojejunostomy, volume of intraoperative blood loss, time for initial out-of-bed activities, time to first flatus, time to initial liquid diet intake, time to drainage tube removal of the 45 patients were (235±32)minutes, (25±8)minutes, (45±10)minutes, (70±13)mL, (20±8)hours, (2.3±0.2)days, (2.6±0.8)days and (6.2±1.1)days, respectively. Eleven of 45 patients under-went postoperative complications and none of patient died during perioperative period. The post-operative duration of hospital stay of 45 patients was (10±3)days. (2) Postoperative histopatho-logical examination: all 45 patients had negative upper surgical margin. The length of proximal margin, tumor diameter, total number of lymph lodes harvested and number of lower mediastinal lymph nodes harvested were (2.5±0.5)cm, (2.9±0.8)cm, 35.0±4.0 and 2.4±0.8, respectively. Patholo-gical examination showed adenocarcinoma in all 45 patients with pTNM staging as 5 cases of stage ⅠB, 8 cases of stage ⅡA, 21 cases of stage ⅡB and 11 cases of stage ⅢA. (3) Follow-up and survival situations: 45 patients were followed up for 3 to 46 months, with a median follow-up time of 26 months. During follow-up, 8 of 45 patients died. Of the 37 patients survived, 3 cases underwent liver metastasis and 3 cases underwent bone metastasis, lung metastasis or peritoneal metastasis respec-tively.Conclusion:Total laparoscopic transabdominal-hiatal approach is safe and feasible in the treatment of Siewert type II AEG with a satisfactory clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the delay of door to signature time in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and its influence in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI),therefore to provide a scientific basis for further effective shortening the time of primary PCI in patients with STEMI.Methods A total of 226 patients who diagnosed with STEMI and underwent primary PCI at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled in the study.Observation indicators include:(1) baseline data of patients;(2) time segments in primary PCI:total ischemic time (TIT),door to balloon time (DTBT),door-to-signature time (DTST),signature to balloon time (STBT);(3) the demographic characteristics of the family members who signed informed consent;and (4) the psychological factors and coping strategies of family members before signing informed consent.All data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0).Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of delay of DTST.A P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results In this study,226 patients with STEMI who were first diagnosed in our hospital had a mean age of 55.23±10.80 years,and 181 (80.1％) were male.The median of TIT,DTBT,DTST,STBT were 312 min,166 min,82 min,and 80 min.The ratio of DTST in DTBT and TIT was 50％ and 28.5％,respectively.The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of direct family members (P＜0.001),the degree of educational in middle school and below (P=0.010),high school/technical secondary school (P=0.029),families worrying about the high cost of medical care (P=0.020),families consulted each other repeatedly (P=0.022),and consulted the other medical staff(P=0.022) are risk factors of DTST delay,and city residence (P=0.048) is the protection factor of DTST delay.Conclusions The long time of DTS is a reality of the practice of primary PCI in China.The factors that lead to longer DTST include demographic characteristics,psychological factors and coping strategies of family members.The STBT of primary PCI in China should be taken into the value while emphasizing the DTBT.

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of totally laparoscopic transabdominalhiatal approach in the treatment of Siewert type Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG).Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 11 patients with Siewert type Ⅱ AEG who were admitted to Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from May 2017 to July 2018 were collected.There were 8 males and 3 females,aged 56-72 years,with an average age of 63 years.Patients underwent radical resection of AEG by totally laparoscopic transabdominalhiatal approach.Observation indicators:(1) surgical situations and postoperative recovery;(2) postoperative pathological examination;(3) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy,complications,food intake,anastomosis patency,tumor recurrence and metastasis,and survival up to December 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as Mean±SD,measurement data with skewed distribution were presented as M (range),and count data were represented as absolute number or percentage.Results (1) Surgical situations and postoperative recovery:all the patients underwent totally laparoscopic radical resection of Siewert type Ⅱ AEG by transabdominal-hiatal approach,without conversion to open surgery or perioperative death.Of the 11 patients,8 underwent total gastrectony including 3 combined with splenic hilar lymph node dissection and 3 underwent proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction.Operation time,time of superior overlap esophagojejunostomy,volume of intraoperative blood loss,time for initial out-of-bed activities,time to first flatus,time to initial liquid diet intake,time of drainage tube removal were respectively (245± 39)minutes,(60± 12) minutes,(75±23) mL,(24± 8) hours,(2.4± 0.5) days,(3.5 ± 0.8) days,(8.2 ± 1.3) days respectively.There was no serious complication including postoperative hemorrhage,anatomotic fistula or death.Three patients had left pleural effusion,and were cured after thoracic drainage.The duration of postoperative hospital stay was (11.0±3.0) days.(2) Postoperative pathological examination:all the 11 patients had negative upper surgical margin.The length of proximal margin,tumor diameter,total number of lymph lodes harvested,and number of lower mediastinal lymph lodes harvested were (2.1 ±0.2) cm,(2.6±0.9) cm,(36.0±4.0)/case and (2.3± 0.8)/case.Pathological examination showed adenocarcinoma in all the 11 patients.pTNM staging:2 cases were in stage Ⅰ B,4 cases in stage Ⅱ A,3 cases in stage Ⅱ B and 2 cases in stage Ⅲ A.(3) Follow-up and survival situations:11 patients were follow-up for 6-19 months,with a median time of 9 months.Chemotherapy regimeus were formulated according to the pathological examination.Nine patients received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy,and 2 in stage Ⅱ B received no postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.During the follow-up,11 patients had no obvious reflux symptom or choking feeling,and the anastomosis was patent as evaluated by oral contrast agent and gastroscopy.There was no tumor recurrence and metastasis or death in the 11 patients.Conclusion Totally laparoscopic transabdominal-hiatal approach applied in the radical resection is safe and feasible for the treatment of Siewert type Ⅱ AEG,with good short-term outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the expression of lymphoid enhancement factor-1 (LEF-1) in Wnt signaling pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its significance.Methods:The relative expressions of LEF-1 mRNA in human PDAC cell line PANC-1 and normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line HPDE6 were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. A total of 45 pancreatic cancer tissue specimens and their corresponding paracancerous tissue specimens were collected from the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2012 to December 2013. The expressions of LEF-1 in the cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationships between LEF-1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients were analyzed.Results:Fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the relative expression level of LEF-1 mRNA in PANC-1 cell line was significantly higher than that in HPDE-6 cell line (2.895±0.485 vs. 1.006±0.126, t=3.056, P<0.001). Immunohistochemical results showed that LEF-1 was highly expressed in 33 cases (73.3%) of cancer tissues, which was higher than that in 12 cases (26.7%) of adjacent tissues, and there was a statistically significant difference ( χ2=14.815, P<0.001). LEF-1 expression was correlated with preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 level ( P<0.001) and local lymph node metastasis ( P=0.041). Survival analysis showed that the median overall survival (OS) was 22.0 months in patients with PDAC, 19.0 months in patients with high LEF-1 expression ( n=33), 31.0 months in patients with low LEF-1 expression ( n=12), and there was a statistically significant difference ( χ2=5.554, P=0.018). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age ( HR=1.962, 95% CI: 1.043-3.692, P=0.037), LEF-1 ( HR=2.253, 95% CI: 1.097-4.630, P=0.027), and CA19-9 ( HR=2.667, 95% CI: 1.258-5.656, P=0.011) were associated with OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that CA19-9 ( HR=6.431, 95% CI: 1.078-38.382, P=0.041), CA125 ( HR=0.151, 95% CI: 0.027-0.839, P=0.031), primary tumor size ( HR=8.364, 95% CI: 1.925-36.335, P=0.005), LEF-1 ( HR=2.281, 95% CI: 1.025-5.075, P=0.043) were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of PDAC patients. Conclusion:LEF-1 expression is up-regulated in PDAC tissues, which is positively correlated with preoperative CA19-9 level and local lymph node metastasis, and is an independent prognostic factor in patients with PDAC.

Objective:To investigate the expression level of β-catenin and its relationship with clinicopathology and prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Methods:Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of β-catenin mRNA in primary pancreatic cancer cell line and pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line HPDE6-C7 of the healthy. The data of 45 patients with PDAC confirmed by pathology at Xinjiang Medical University Cancer Hospital from June 2012 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression level of β-catenin in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, and the correlation of β-catenin with pathological characteristics of patients with PDAC was analyzed. Cox proportional hazard model was performed to make univariate and multivariate analysis on the influencing factors of overall survival (OS).Results:The relative expression of β-catenin mRNA in primary pancreatic cancer cells was higher than that in HPDE6-C7 cell line [(3.83±0.83) vs. (1.00±0.03)], and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 3.45, P = 0.003). The high expression rate of β-catenin protein in PDAC tissues was higher than that in para-cancer tissues [68.9% (31/45) vs. 28.9% (14/45)], and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 7.50, P = 0.005). The high expression rate of β-catenin protein in PDAC patients with different tumor diameter and TNM staging had statistically significant differences ( P = 0.026, P = 0.036). The median OS time of 45 patients was 22.5 months, and that of high expression of β-catenin protein group in 31 patients was 19 months, that of low expression of β-catenin group in 14 patients was 29 months, and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.009). Univariate Cox analysis showed that preoperative carbohydrate antigen199 (CA199) level, tumor diameter, tumor differentiation degree and the expression level of β-catenin protein were influencing factors of OS of patients with PDAC. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that preoperative CA199 ( OR = 9.883, 95% CI 2.815-34.689, P < 0.001), tumor diameter ( OR = 6.117, 95% CI 1.578-24.179, P = 0.009), tumor differentiation degree ( OR = 3.834, 95% CI 1.158-12.697, P = 0.028), the expression level of β-catenin protein ( OR = 0.139, 95% CI 0.045-0.430, P = 0.001) were independent affecting factors of OS of patients with PADC. Conclusions:β-catenin is abnormally highly expressed in PDAC which is correlated with the disease progression of patients and may be a new indicator and therapeutic target of prognosis for PDAC patients.

The psychological distress of cancer patients seriously affects their therapeutic effects. Effective psychological rehabilitation of cancer patients significantly improves their survival chance and quality of life. Circadian rhythm results from adaptation to the environment during the organism's evolution. When the endogenous clock system is disrupted or the external environment is changed, the body and the environment are out of synchronization, and the circadian rhythm will be disrupted. Circadian rhythm disorder is a common phenomenon in cancer patients, and the changes of circadian rhythm are closely related to their psychological distress. Many studies believe that the circadian rhythm disorder of cancer patients may directly or indirectly affect their psychology through various mechanisms, and targeted intervention by regulating the circadian rhythm of patients may be an essential means to promote the psychological rehabilitation.
Humans ; Quality of Life ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology* ; Chronobiology Disorders ; Neoplasms