Endophthalmitis is the inflammation of the intraocular cavities, and panophthalmitis is its most severe form.1 2 3 In panophthalmitis, there is a marked inflammation of the surrounding orbital structures, manifested by severe eyelid edema, proptosis, chemosis and eye movement limitations.4 If left untreated, endophthalmitis could lead to irreversible vision loss and systemic complications.
Klebsiella ; Panophthalmitis

The tuberculous panophthalmitis is, at present, extremely rare. The authors experienced a case of left tuberculous pailOphthalmitis which is, we imagine, secondary to the minimal active pulmonary tuberculosis of right upper lung of 17 year old girl. Here we briefly report a case of tuberculous panophthalmitis, referring the literature relating to the ocular trberculosis.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Panophthalmitis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The authors analysed statistically 169 cases of enucleation among 132, 168 outpatients, 3, 786 inpatients, 4,640 eye operations who visited to the National Medical Center for 16 years duration from Jan. 1962 to Dec. 1977. 1) The incidence of enucleation is 0.13% of all eye outpatients. 2) The male and female ratio is 2.2:1. 3) The frequency of enucleation is as follows, malignant tumor, retinoblastoma(the majority) 42 cases(24.9%), corneal disease, staphyloma(the majority) 38 cases(22.5%), glaucoma 30 cases(17.8%), panophthalmitis 23 cases(l3.6%), trauma 19 cases(11.2%) and phthisis bulbi 17 cases(10.0%).
Corneal Diseases ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Male ; Outpatients ; Panophthalmitis

The authors present that was diagnosed late panophthalmitis histopathologically and that was a case of 17 scheie's filtering operated eyes during last 2 years. The patient was 63 year-old male who had chronic narrow angle glaucoma associated with moderate optic nerve cupping and atrophy in both eyes a year ago. Good filtering bleb showed and intraocular pressure controlled well normally after Scheie's operation in right eye. One year and five months later acute suppurative endophtbalmitis occured in operated eye during catarrhal conjunctivitis in both eyes. The authors concluded that the route of infection was filtering fleb. Culture of excreting pus through ruptured filtering fleb was negative.
Atrophy ; Blister ; Common Cold ; Conjunctivitis ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Panophthalmitis ; Suppuration

Tuberculosis, once thought to be the most common cause of uveal is now thought to be a relatively rare cause of ocular disease. This is because of a decreased incidence of tuberculosis as well as a lessened emphasis on its diagnosis. Tuberculosis of uveal tract has long been a controversial subject in ophthalmology. Several factors have been implicated including the marked pleomorphism of the lesions, owing to variations in the virulence of the invading organisms, host resistance, and the presence or absence of host immunity. Solitary choroidal tuberculoma is rare and characterized as gradually growing until it resembles a tumor projecting as a round white or yellowish globular mass into the cavity of the eye. It may progress continuously and so finally, in the absence of treatment, the sclera is involved and perforation results which is followed by phthisis bulbi or pyogenic infection and panophthalmitis. We have experienced a 19-year old female who had a solitary choroidal tumor like lesion, which about 17 months later resulted in scleral perforation, in the posterior pole of the left eye. We performed enucleation of the left eyeball under the clinical diagnosis of the maligant melanoma associated with scleral perforation and obtained the histopathological diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis.
Choroid ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Melanoma ; Ophthalmology ; Panophthalmitis ; Sclera ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Virulence ; Young Adult

In the past decade, a decrease in the incidence of endophthalmitis has been attributed to many factors-surgical technic, delicate surgical Instruments, sterile technic, and antibioticsetc. On the other hand, immunosuppressive agents and drug addiction and/or abuse may be contributing to rise in the number of endophthalmitis like one of our cases. Recently, we have experienced three cases of endophthalmitis, each case has different etiologic causes-multiple myeloma, meningococcal meningitis, and subacute bacterial endocarditis. By case and chart review, we feels not enough to do reemphasize not only early recognition and early aggressive systemic and topical therapy, which are the most necessary, and may prevent blinding complication, more over panophthalmitis, but a certain common ocular symptoms, which may playa role as a early developing sings of endophthalmitis.
Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial ; Endophthalmitis* ; Hand ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Incidence ; Meningitis, Meningococcal ; Panophthalmitis ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Surgical Instruments

We wish to present a clinical study on 103 cases of eye surgery done during the period March 13. 1962 to October 14.1963 at the Presbyterian Medical Center. Data; 1. Sex; male 53, female 50. 2. Age; under 10 ............ 14. 11 to 20 ............ 11. 21 to 30 ............ 19. 31 to 40 ............ 7. 41 to 50 ............ 10. 51 to 60 ............ 14. over 61 ............ 28. 3. Diagnosis; senile cataract ............ 49, traumatic cataract ............ 4, juvenile cataraet ............ 3, congenital cataract ............ 3, chronic open-angle glaucoma ............ 15, exotropia ............ 8, miscellaneous ............ 21. 4. Procedures; intracapsu1ar cataract extraction with P.I. ............ 49, irideneleisis ............ 15, extracapsular cataract extraction with iridectomy ............ 7, enucleation ............ 6, miscellaneous ............ 53. 5. Complication; (59 cataract cases) stria te keratitis ............ 10. round pupil ............ 46. fridectomy ............ 13. corneoscleral sutures No.1 ............ 1. No.2 ............ 0. No.3 ............ 56. No.4 ............ 1. No.5 ............ 1. shallow chamber ............ 6. hemorrhages A.C. ............ 5. panophthalmitis ............ 1. We appreciated very much the help of our staff doctors and residents and especially the assistance of Dr. Paul S.Crane, Director of the Presbyterian Medical Center and Prof. Young Chae Kim of Catholic Medical School.
Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Diagnosis ; Exotropia ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Iridectomy ; Keratitis ; Male ; Panophthalmitis ; Protestantism ; Pupil ; Schools, Medical ; Sutures

Tuberculous panophthalmitis is, at present, a rare disease and a recent study has revaled that the incidence has decreased to less 1 percent in the causes of granulomatous uveitis. But ocular tuberculosis is still one of frequent causes of uveitis in the world. Ocular tuberculosis may be divided in two main groups with regard to clinical manifestations; one is a simple tuberculous infection, and the other is an allergic reaction depending on the immunological reaction of the patient. We have experienced a 14 year old female who had clinical signs of unilateral panophthalmitis with a subconjunctival mass but no evidence of systemic tuberculosis. The pathologic examination revealed that a chronic granulomatous inflammation was present in the retina, choroid, and sclera with caseous necroses. The same pathologic changes were present in the subconjunctival mass which was closely associated with the markedly thin sclera. It may be, therefore, concluded that the subconjunctival granuloma was secondary to the scleral perforation in tuberculous panophthalmitis.
Adolescent ; Choroid ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Necrosis ; Panophthalmitis* ; Rare Diseases ; Retina ; Sclera ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Uveitis

Tuberculous panophthalmitis is, at present, a rare disease and a recent study has revaled that the incidence has decreased to less 1 percent in the causes of granulomatous uveitis. But ocular tuberculosis is still one of frequent causes of uveitis in the world. Ocular tuberculosis may be divided in two main groups with regard to clinical manifestations; one is a simple tuberculous infection, and the other is an allergic reaction depending on the immunological reaction of the patient. We have experienced a 14 year old female who had clinical signs of unilateral panophthalmitis with a subconjunctival mass but no evidence of systemic tuberculosis. The pathologic examination revealed that a chronic granulomatous inflammation was present in the retina, choroid, and sclera with caseous necroses. The same pathologic changes were present in the subconjunctival mass which was closely associated with the markedly thin sclera. It may be, therefore, concluded that the subconjunctival granuloma was secondary to the scleral perforation in tuberculous panophthalmitis.
Adolescent ; Choroid ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Necrosis ; Panophthalmitis* ; Rare Diseases ; Retina ; Sclera ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Uveitis

Inflammation of the uveal tract may be divided into three pathological types-acute purulent, subacute or chronic exudative, and granulomatous inflammations. However these catagories are considered merely as pathological types, not as clinical pictures. I. Acute purulent inflammations. Acute purulent inflammations, which are caused either by exogenous infection through a perforating wound or by endogenous infection through the blood-stream, tend usually to involve the entire globe. Such a generalized purulent inflammation of the inner eye is called panophthalmitis; it is not discussed here. II. Subacute and chronic exudative uveitis. Cases of subacute or chronic uveitis are much more common than those of acute panophthalmitis. The characteristics of such inflammations are essentially the same whatever their site. These may be summarized under three headings: changes in the affected tissue, the reaction of the pigmentary epithelium, and the formation of exudate. Whatever their etiology, the same general pathological picture is presented. In the initial stages there is vasodilation and edema with an intense and diffuse infiltration of the uveal tissues with mononuclear cells showing a tendency to aggregate into nodules. The inflammation may remain focal and involve some limited degree of necrosis whcih attracts large mononuclear phagocytes to be followed by repair by fibrosis. Such an inflammation may heal completely leaving a small and unimportant scar at the site of the focal lesion, or residual tell-tale aggregations of lymphocytes or mononuclear histiocytes to mark the site and extent of previous lesions. III. Granulomatous uveitis. The pure granulomatous reaction can be summarized as follows: at first an outpouring of leukocytes which are quickly replaced by a specific type of inflammatory cell-the large mononuclear phagocyte. These cells proliferate and invade the tissue. They undergo various transitions, chiefly into epitheloid cells. In many instance sensitizing antibodies are formed and the tissue become hypersensitive. Necrosis then occurs. Finally there it a reparative connective or glial tissue reaction with replacement of the destroyed tissue by a hyaline scar.
Antibodies ; Cicatrix ; Edema ; Epithelium ; Exudates and Transudates ; Fibrosis ; Head ; Histiocytes ; Hyalin ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Necrosis ; Panophthalmitis ; Pathology* ; Phagocytes ; Uveitis* ; Vasodilation ; Wounds and Injuries