STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomised controlled, single centre study of 45 patients posted for two level lumbar fixation surgery in the prone position. PURPOSE: To compare intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), mean airway pressure mean airway pressure and blood loss during the spine surgery in prone position using three different positioning systems. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Studies have correlated IAP with the amount of perioperative bleeding. However, IAP and airway pressures while assessing the bleeding comparing two or more prone positioning systems are unclear. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on a cohort of 45 patients scheduled for two-level lumbar fixation. Patients were randomly allocated to a spine table, Wilson's frame, and thermomodulated pads. Bladder pressure as an indicator of IAP, mean and peak airway pressures, and blood loss were monitored. RESULTS: IAP increased whenever patient position was changed to prone .The increase in pressure was more in the Wilson's frame group but was statistically significant only on prolonged positioning. Adopting the prone position always increased the mean airway pressure, but the increased was significant only in the Wilson's frame group. Mean airway pressure decreased in the spine table group and was statistically significant. The blood loss in the spine table group was significantly less as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Positioning on a spine table results in less blood loss and low mean airway pressure. The Wilson's frame results in high IAP, increased mean airway pressure, and more blood loss. The thermomodulated frame increases mean airway pressure and produces a moderate increase in IAP and airway pressure.
Cohort Studies ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Prone Position ; Prospective Studies ; Spine ; Urinary Bladder

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomised controlled, single centre study of 45 patients posted for two level lumbar fixation surgery in the prone position. PURPOSE: To compare intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), mean airway pressure mean airway pressure and blood loss during the spine surgery in prone position using three different positioning systems. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Studies have correlated IAP with the amount of perioperative bleeding. However, IAP and airway pressures while assessing the bleeding comparing two or more prone positioning systems are unclear. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on a cohort of 45 patients scheduled for two-level lumbar fixation. Patients were randomly allocated to a spine table, Wilson's frame, and thermomodulated pads. Bladder pressure as an indicator of IAP, mean and peak airway pressures, and blood loss were monitored. RESULTS: IAP increased whenever patient position was changed to prone .The increase in pressure was more in the Wilson's frame group but was statistically significant only on prolonged positioning. Adopting the prone position always increased the mean airway pressure, but the increased was significant only in the Wilson's frame group. Mean airway pressure decreased in the spine table group and was statistically significant. The blood loss in the spine table group was significantly less as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Positioning on a spine table results in less blood loss and low mean airway pressure. The Wilson's frame results in high IAP, increased mean airway pressure, and more blood loss. The thermomodulated frame increases mean airway pressure and produces a moderate increase in IAP and airway pressure.
Cohort Studies ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Prone Position ; Prospective Studies ; Spine ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Eosinophilia* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult*

Agranulocytosis as a side effect of clozapine has been reported to be associated with initial phases of treatment, i.e., first six months. Agranulocytosis with clozapine during the initial phases of treatment has been linked to genetic vulnerability in the form of variations in the human leukocyte-antigen haplotypes. However, there is limited literature on late onset agranulocytosis with clozapine and this has very rarely been linked to human leukocyte-antigen haplotypes vulnerability. In this report we review the existing data on late onset agranulocytosis with clozapine and describe the case of a young man, who developed agranulocytosis with clozapine after 35 months of treatment and was found to have genetic vulnerability in form of being positive for HLA DR4. This case highlights underlying autoimmune immune mechanism in clozapine-induced agranulocytosis and the need for frequent blood count monitoring on clozapine even after the initial 6 months of starting treatment especially in patients with genetic vulnerability to develop this condition.
Agranulocytosis* ; Clozapine* ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Granulocytes* ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Neutropenia

No abstract available.
Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Clonal Evolution* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive*

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Hairy Cell* ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell*

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease, which is attributed to differences in the genetic characteristics of the leukemic clone. We studied the genomic profile of 52 treatment-naïve CLL patients. Methods: Genetic analysis was performed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) using the SALSA P038 Probemix (MRC Holland, Amsterdam), which contains probes for 2p (MYCN,ALK,REL), 6q, 8p (TNFRSF10A/B), 8q (EIF3H,MYC), 9p21 (CDKN2A/B), 10q (PTEN), 11q (ATM, RDX, PPP2R1B, CADM1), chromosome 12, 13q14 (RB1, DLEU1/2/7, KCNRG, MIR15A), 14q, 17p (TP53) and chromosome 19, and for NOTCH1 7541-7542delCT, SF3B1 K700E, and MYD88 L265P mutations. Results: The median age was 65 years (male:female=2:1). The median hemoglobin, total leukocyte, and platelet counts were 12.4 g/dL, 57.7×10 9 /L, and 176.5×10 9 /L, respectively. At least one genetic abnormality was observed in 34 (65%) patients. The most common abnormality was del(13q14) (deleted DLEU2 and DLEU1/RB1 genes), which was observed in 22 (42%) cases, followed by trisomy 12 [7 (13%) cases]. Del(11q) (deleted ATM, RDX11/PPP2R1B-4) and del(17p) (deleted TP53) were present in 5 (10%) and 2 (4%) cases, respectively. 19p13.2 (CDKN2D-2) amplification and NOTCH1 mutation were found in one case each. Conclusion Genetic abnormalities are commonly (65%) observed in CLL patients. Del(13q), which is associated with DLEU2 andDLEU1/RB1 gene deletion, was the most common.Compared with other abnormalities, del(11q) and del(17p) patients presented with cytopenia and higher Binet stage, while those with del(13q14) had a longer time to first treatment.

BACKGROUND: Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm. In PCL, clonal plasma cells comprise ≥20% of the peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes and/or the absolute clonal PB plasma cell count is ≥2×10(9)/L. Primary PCL (PPCL) originates de novo, whereas, secondary PCL (SPCL) evolves from pre-existing multiple myeloma. METHODS: Clinicohematological features, immunophenotypic profile, and survival of PCL patients were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Between January 2007 and December 2014, ten PPCL and four SPCL patients were investigated (8 PPCLs and 3 SPCLs had complete clinical data). All were North Indians, sharing common geography and ethnicity. Our cohort showed less frequent renal failure, more frequent hepatomegaly, and non-secretory type disease. In contrast to western literature, flow cytometric immunophenotyping of our cohort revealed altered expression of CD138 (67%), CD56 (33%), and CD20 (0%). With novel therapeutic agents, these PPCL patients had a median overall survival of 15 months. CONCLUSION: We highlight that our PPCL patients from North India had distinct clinicohematological and immunophenotypic profiles. The significance of our findings must be tested in a larger patient cohort and must be supported by molecular and cytogenetic investigations to unmask possible significant effects on pathogenesis.
Cohort Studies ; Cytogenetics ; Geography ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; India* ; Leukemia, Plasma Cell* ; Leukocytes ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; Plasma Cells* ; Plasma* ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies* ; Tertiary Care Centers* ; Tertiary Healthcare*