Epilepsy is a common nervous system seizure disease in children,20%-30% of them is intractable epilepsy.The pathogenesis of intractable epilepsy in children is not yet identify.Some research think that this may be associated with resistance of a variety of diffe-rent mechanisms of antiepileptic drug and abnormalities of multidrug resistance gene expression.The most investigation of multidrug transpor-ter is P-glycoprotein,multidrug resistance-associated protein.They are present in cell membrane and belong to adenosine triphosphate-dependent membrane transport protein.Studies have showed that over-expression of multidrug transporter in temporal lobe brain tissue of patients with refractory epilepsy and animal model of chronic epilepsy reduce the concentration of therapeutic drug in cells.They result in resis-tance by releasing the energy and transferring large amounts of anti-epileptic drugs to exterior of brain capillary endothelial cells in way of active transport.The relationship between multidrug transporter′s structure,distribution,functions and drug-resistant epilepsy are reviewed.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture plus nasal irrigation in treating upper airway cough syndrome (UACS).Method A total of 114 UACS patients were randomized into 3 groups, 38 cases in each group. Group A was treated with acupuncture plus electrical stimulation with sparse-dense wave, group B was intervened by nasal irrigation with Shuang Huang Lian, and group C was treated with the two methods together. The clinical efficacies of the three groups were compared.Result The total effective rates were respectively 84.2%, 73.7% and 94.7% in group A, group B and group C. The total effective rate of group C was significantly different from that of group A and group B (P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture plus nasal irrigation can produce a more significant therapeutic efficacy compared to electroacupuncture or nasal irrigation alone.

[Objective] To compare the effects of Radix Astragali (RA) and triperygium glucosides (TG) on glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) proliferation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion. [Methods] GMC were cultured with in-vitro cell culture technology. Serum containing RA and serum containing TG were prepared with serum pharmacological methods. GMC proliferation was detected by methylthiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) assay and IL-6 level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the effect of low-, moderate- and high-dosages of RA-containing serum and TG-containing serum under the condition of GMC over-proliferation. [ Results] Different dosages of RA-containing serum and TG-containing serum inhibited GMC proliferation and IL-6 secretion in a dose-effect manner, and the inhibitory effect of high- and moderate-dosage TG and high-dosage RA was stronger. [Conclusion] Under the condition of in-vitro GMC over-proliferation, RA has the similar inhibitory effects on GMC proliferation and IL-6 secretion with TG. The combined treatment of RA and TG can reduce the dose of TG and probably has an action in increasing effect and reducing toxicity.

Objective To evaluate the effects of limited fluid resuscitation on systemic inflammatory responses in rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock through comparing with unlimited fluid resuscitation.Methods Sixty pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 250-290 g,were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),no fluid resuscitation group (group NF),unlimited fluid resuscitation group (group ULF),limited crystalloid fluid resuscitation group (group LR),and limited colloid fluid resuscitation groups (group LSG and group LHES).Traumatic uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawal of blood from the femoral artery at 2.5 mL/100 g over a 20-minute period,followed by tail amputation at 10 min after the end of blood withdrawal.At 10 min after the end of blood withdrawal,fluid resuscitation was performed.Lactated Ringer's solution (ULF and LR groups),4 ％ succinylated gelatin (group LSG),or 6 ％ hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (group LHES) was infused intravenously.The initial infusion rate was 2 ml · kg-1 · min-1.The target MAP was maintained at 50 mm Hg in rats with limited fluid resuscitation,while at 80 mm Hg in rats with unlimited fluid resuscitation.After 60 min of fluid resuscitation,bleeding in the tail was stopped by ligation and fluid infusion was replaced with blood resuscitation.After 60 min of blood resuscitation,180 main of observation was started.At 10 min after catheterization of the femoral artery and vein (T0),10 min after the end of blood withdrawal (T1),the end of fluid resuscitation (T2),the end of blood resuscitation (T3),and the end of observation (T4),arterial blood samples were collected to measure hematocrit (Hct)and concentrations of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-6,and IL-10.Blood samples were collected from the femoral artery at T2 for determination of the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in monocytes.The amount of blood loss from the tail and volume of fluid infused were also recorded.Another 120 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =20 each) and resuscitation was performed according to the method previously described.The rats were observed for 72 h survival rate.Results Compared with group S,Hct was significantly decreased,the concentrations of plasma TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 and activity of NF-κB were increased,and the expression of TLR4,and MyD88 in monocytes was up-regulated in the other groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group NF,the concentrations of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 and NF-κB activity were significantly increased,and the concentration of plasma IL-10 and Hct were decreased,and the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in monocytes was up-regulated in ULF,LR and LSG groups,and the concentrations of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased,the concentration of plasma IL-10 and Hct were decreased in group LHES (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group ULF,the concentrations of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 and NF-κB activity were significantly decreased,the concentration of plasma IL-10 and Hct were increased,the survival rate was higher,the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in monocytes was down-regulated,and the amount of blood loss from the tail was decreased and the volume of fluid infused was reduced in LSG,LHES and LR groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group LR,the concentrations of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 and NF-κB activity were significantly decreased and the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in monocytes was down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the concentration of plasma IL-10 in group LHES (P ＞ 0.05),and the volume of fluid infused was reduced and the survival rate was increased (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the amount of blood loss from the tail in LSG and LH-ES groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with unlimited fluid resuscitation,limited fluid resuscitation exerts less effect on systemic inflammatory responses in rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock,especially when resuscitation with 6％ hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 is performed,and inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism.

Objectives:To study the pathological behavior and the value of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) in predicting prognosis in pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease.　Methods:Lung tissues from 29 patients with congenital heart diseases associated with pulmonary hypertension were examined by surgical biopsy of the lung. All samples were examined for the expression and localization of TGF-β1 by immunohistochemical technique with anti-TGF-β1 antibody.　Results:Twenty-six out of 29 showed positive staining of intracellular endotheliocyte TGF-β1(89.65%),16 samples showed extracellular matrix TGF-β1 staining(55.17%).Statistically, there was significant difference between Ⅰ～Ⅱ and Ⅲ～Ⅵ pathological degrees in extracellular matrix(P<0.05).　Conclusions: TGF-β1 plays an important biological role in the formation of pulmonary hypertension after congenital heart disease. It is conductive in predicting prognosis.

Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Partial ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Occipital Lobe ; pathology ; Prognosis

Aristolochic Acids ; adverse effects ; Child ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrosis ; chemically induced

Background:The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease( IBD ) is increasing in recent years,however,its pathogenic mechanism has not been fully clarified. Previous studies revealed that adipokines played crucial roles in regulating intestinal inflammation. Aims:To investigate the role of visfatin,an adipocytokine,and its clinical significance in active IBD. Methods:Ninety-one patients with active IBD including 61 Crohn’s disease( CD)and 30 ulcerative colitis ( UC)at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Suzhou Municipal Hospital from May 2015 to Dec. 2015 were enrolled in this study,and 48 healthy subjects were served as controls. Serum level of visfatin was determined by ELISA. Correlation of serum visfatin level with clinical features of IBD was analyzed,its diagnostic performance for IBD was assessed by ROC curve. Results:Serum level of visfatin was significantly higher in patients with active CD and UC than in healthy controls[(385. 24 ± 112. 64)pg/mL and(378. 91 ± 118. 57)pg/mL vs. (321. 11 ± 96. 27)pg/mL, P all ﹤0. 05]. Significant positive correlation was found between serum visfatin level and disease activity index(Mayo score)of UC( r =0. 398,P ﹤0. 05 ),however,no correlations were found between serum visfatin level and disease activity index of CD,CRP and ESR,two common inflammatory indicators for IBD and location of IBD(P all ﹥0. 05). The area under curve( AUC)of serum visfatin for diagnosis of CD and UC were 0. 654 and 0. 622,respectively;the diagnostic accuracy was relatively low. Conclusions:Serum visfatin might be associated with the active intestinal inflammation in IBD and has the potential to be served as a clinical index for active UC.

Objective To investigate the error monitoring function damages on the patients with schizo?phrenia ( SCH) . Methods A total of 32 patients with schizophrenia were compared with matched 34 health con?trols ( HC) on the error monitoring tasks which were compiled by E?Prime. Results The comparison between SCH group ((713.22±174.52)ms,( 491.14±170.29) ms,( 1060.31±130.84) ms,(8.28±12.55)time,( 8.00± 7.53)time respectively) and HC group ((560.73±156.94) ms,(395.62±188.03) ms,(989.85±104.33) ms, (2.97±4.13) times,(3.12±6.50) times) on the reaction time of choice,assessment,incongruent condition,the numbers of uncertain and the numbers of dropout were significant ( t=-3.737, P=0.000;t=-2.159, P=0.035;t=-2.426, P=0.018;t=-2.282, P=0.022;t=-2.824, P=0.006) . The SCH group and HC group did not signifi?cantly difference in Full Correct((124.72±23.74)/(131.74±21.96)times),Full Error((15.69±17.64)/(13.35± 18.63)times),Part Correct((6.83±10.40)/(4.21±7.03)times),Part Error((2.91±10.91)/(0.62±1.10)times) and Accuracy((0.831±0.161)/(0.874±0.159))(P>0.05).There was no significantly correlation among the course of disease,HAMA,HAMD and the error monitoring. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the error monitoring function damages on the patient with SCH may be involved in the dysfunction of anterior cingulate cortex.

In order to solve the problems of present quartz crystal microbalance ( QCM ) measuring instruments, such as high demand for crystal cutting technology and uncomprehensive measurements for crystal parameters, a modified quadrature demodulation-based method was proposed with broadband adaptive response capacity and high frequency resolution. Moreover, it is also capable of measuring both resonant frequencies and dissipation factor D synchronously and continuously. Experimental results at room temperature indicated that the adaptive frequency range was 1-9 MHz while the frequency resolution was less than 1 Hz, measured resonance frequency shifts of crystals in the range scale linearly with the equal thickness increments of poly acrylic acid ( PAA) membrane on the working electrode, and with the volatilization of different solvent factor D is measured continuously and effectively along the time axis. To sum up, compared with traditional ones, this new method has lower material cost and more obtained parameters.