s pedicel.

Objective To explore the treatment of multifocal lower extremity arteriosclerosis oblitera-tions. Methods From March 2014 to September 2014, combined procedures were performed on 30 lower limbs in 30 patients with multifocal lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterations for revascularization. All the patients underwent endovascular , 20 of whom received endarterectomy , 10 received artery emboloctomy , and 8 received profundaplasty. The rates of technical success and clinical success were observed. The patients were followed up for 6-12 months to observe the total patency rate and rate of limb reservation. Results The technical success rate was 100%. The perioperative complication rate was 30% (9/30). 29 limbs gained improvement with differ-ent degree and the clinical success rate was 96.67% (29/30). The ankle-brachial index elevated 0.37 ± 0.19 on average (P < 0.001). Primary patency rate was 90% and 73% at 6 and 12 months, and 12-month limb reserva-tion rate was 97.67%. Conclusions The combined procedures for complex lower extremity arteriosclerosis oblit-erations have a higher short- to mid-term patency rate and limb reservation rate.

Objective To explore the clinical effect and experience of separating deep circumflex iliac artery osteocutaneous perforator flap (DCIAP) from the bone flap.Methods According to local applied anatomy of groin,vascularized chimerical flaps of deep iliac circumflex artery was designed and applied.From May,2008 to June,2012,12 patients who combined bone and composite skin and soft-tissue defects were positioned by color dopplar ultrasound before operation and treated with vascularized chimerical flaps of deep iliac circumflex artery.The deep circumflex iliac perforator flaps was 8 to 19 cm in length and 2 to 6 cm in width,and the iliac bone grafts ranged from 5 to 8 cm in length.Results All flaps were fully survival.After 8-10 months postoperative followed-up,all the bone defect gained healing.The function and appearance of cutaneous flaps were satisfactory.There was no serious complication in donor sites of groin.The average time of healing was 9 (8-10) months.Conclusion Vascularized iliac bone graft and a perforator flap are nourished by the same deep circumflex iliac artery.There is more mobile scope and only 1 blood vessel between the bone graft and skin flap,which should be called chimeric perforator flap based on the deep iliac circumflex artery,and is a kind of good method to repair bone and soft-tissue defects of limbs.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that human cartilage glycoprotein-39 has a certain relationship to articular cartilage degeneration and repair, but the mechanism of action is not very clear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of human cartilage glycoprotein-39 on chondrogenesis of precartilaginous stem cels. METHODS: Precartilaginous stem cels were isolated from the adult articular cartilage. Cels which could express CD105 and CD166 were detected using flow cytometry folowed by isolation and purification. Isolated precartilaginous stem cels werecultured using monolayer method, and then, passage 2 cels were cultured in the medium containing human cartilage glycoprotein-39 and normal chondrogenic medium for 14 days, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe expression of type II colagen and gross observation was done for evaluation of cartilage formation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The precartilaginous stem cels isolated from the adult articular cartilage could express CD105 and CD166. After induction, differentiated precartilaginous stem cels gradualy gathered and formed nudes. The induced cels were positive for type II colagen; after induction by human cartilage glycoprotein-39, the nodules became larger and the expression of type II colagen was increased. These findings indicate that precartilaginous stem cels with chondrogenic ability can be isolated from the adult articular cartilage, and can be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes, in which human cartilage glycoprotein-39 plays an important role.

Objective To describe a technique to achieve primary donor-site closure, extend applications and minimize donor-site morbidity by applying the double skin paddle principle.Methods All 16 cases of the double skin paddle anterolateral thigh perforator flap reconstruction from May, 2008 to June, 2014 were reviewed.Defects locations included calf, dorsum pedis or planta pedis.A long anterolateral thigh perforator flap was marked out using standard points of reference.At least two separate cutaneous perforator vessles were identified on hand-held Doppler.Separating and dissecting flap at superficial layer of fascia lata was adopted in all cases.Then skin paddle was then divided between the two cutaneous perforators to give two separate paddles with a common vascular supply which was the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery.The skin paddles could be used to cover complex skin defects, whilst still allowing for primary donor-site closure.Results Fifteen patients were successfully treated with the double skin paddle anterolateral thigh perforator flap with no major complications.One case was suffered with partial skin flap necrosis.The type A dumbbell-like flaps was used to cover defects involving two different units of the foot.The type B pattern were stacked side by side on a flap inset, effectively doubling the width of the flap, to resurface a large defect of a single unit of the calf.The type C pattern was used to repair adjacent skin defects.In all cases, the donor site was closed directly.All patients were satisfied with their outcomes.Conclusion The double skin paddle anterolateral thigh perforator flap is an excellent method of resurfacing large defects of the extremity involving multiple subunits with improved morbidity and cosmesis of the donor site.

Objective To study the effect of self-efficacy on learning effect of medical students.Methods Self-efficacy scores of the questionnaire to clinical medical students who practice in our hospital from September 2012 to April 2013 were measured.Students with score lower than the average were recruited into group A,and the others were recruited into group B.Then the scores of both-group students in the process of clinical practice,the theoretical knowledge,and triguaiacyl tests were gotten for statistical analysis.Results Group B (88.02 ± 3.902; 89.02 ± 3.902; 89.94 ± 3.794) were significantly better than group A (67.07 ± 5.131,66.02± 5.866,65.23 ±6.741) in the scores of the theory of knowledge,operation skills and triguaiacyl test.The correlation analysis showed that self-efficacy was positively related to these three aspects (P=0.032,0.024,0.001).Conclusion Clinical teachers should consciously improve students' self-efficacy in the process of their clinical practice,in order to improve the learning effect of the clinical medical students preferably.

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of perforator flaps for reconstruction of limb soft tissue defects. Methods In this case series, from 2007 July to 2009 May, 108 cases of perforator flap to reconstruct the defects of the extremities were performed, of these, 98 were free perforator flaps, 10 were pedicled flaps. The perforator flaps included deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap, anterolateral thigh perforator flap, thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, lateral thigh perforator flap, posterior interosseous artery perforator flap, collateral radial artery perforator flap, medial sural artery perforator flap, posterior tibial artery perforator flap, deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flap and peroneal artery perforator flap. The maximum size of the perforator flap was 44 cmx 9 cm, the minimum size of the perforator flap was 4 em x 2 cm.The donor defect was closed directly. Results Venous congestion occurred in 5 flaps, in 1 case venous congestion was overcomed after released the dressing, 4 flaps requiring reexploration for venous insufficiency,2 had a successful outcome, the other 2 flaps failed . The other 103 flaps were successful. The wounds healed without any infection complications. The follow-up ranges from 6-24 months( 10 months on average). The flaps were of good appearance and not bulky; there were only linear scars on the donor sites, the cosmesis and function of the donor sites were satisfying. Conclusion The muscle, deep fascia and motor nerve are not contained in the flap, the advantages of this type of flap is reducing morbidity of the donor site and its reliable blood supply and suitable thickness for resurfacing, no secondary debuiking is necessary. The perforator flaps can be chosen as the first option to deal with superficial extremity wounds.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing number of patients undergoing knee arthroplasty in China, the complications caused by the mismatch of prosthesis with anatomical parameters arouse extensive attentions.OBJECTIVE: To measure the anatomical parameters of the knee joints in healthy Zhuang ethnic group from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology, thus providing reference for the design and placement of the hip prosthesis.METHODS: Sixty-eight individuals, including 30 females and 38 males, were selected from 217 healthy people undergoing CT examination. All data were imported into Mimics 15.0 software used for 3D reconstruction, and then the knee parameters were then measured and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the parameters of the bilateral femur and tibia (P > 0.05). The femoral parameters had significant differences between genders (P < 0.05). The width of tibial platform, sagittal length of lateral tibial platform, distance between medial tibial plateau and fibular head, and posterior slope of tibial plateau showed no significant differences between genders (P > 0.05), while there were significant differences in the width of medial/lateral tibial platform, and sagittal length of medial tibial platform between genders (P < 0.05). The sagittal length of medial femoral condyle was negatively correlated with age, and all femoral parameters were positively correlated with height; while only the width of medial and lateral tibial platform were positively correlated with height. To conclude, 3D reconstruction technology is available for research on the morphology of the knee joint in the Zhuang ethnic group from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which provides references for prosthesis design and research appropriate for the Zhuang ethnic group.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have confirmed that ethanol can promote adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and up-regulate the expression of PPARγ and aP2 in the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) signaling pathway. As a member of the ZIP protein family, Zrt/Irt-like protein 1 (ZIP1) is closely related to bone metabolism and osteogenic differentiation.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of BMSCs transfected by ZIP1 on TNF-α signaling pathway in the process of adipogenic differentiation.METHODS:The BMSCs from rabbits were isolated and cultured under different concentrations of alcohol (0.03, 0.09,0.15, 0.21 mol/L), followed by transfection by ZIP1 siRNA and ZIP1 expression vector.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After culture in alcohol, the expression levels of aP2 and PPARγ proteins were both significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the level of triglyceride was increased in all alcohol groups except for 0.03 mol/L alcohol group (P < 0.05). After siRNA transfection, the expression levels of aP2 and PPARγ as well as the level of triglyceride were increased significantly in all the alcohol groups (P < 0.05); however, ZIP1 transfection decreased the expression levels of aP2 and PPARγ proteins (P < 0.05). To conclude, ZIP1 siRNA could promote the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the activation of TNF-α signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of beraprost combined with fibrinogenase in the treatment of lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease(LEAOD).METHODS:A total of 82 LEAOD patients selected from our hospital dur-ing Jan. 2015-Jan. 2016 were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,with 41 cases in each group.All patients received low salt and low fat diet on the basis of treatment for primary disease.Control group was additionally given Fibrinogenase injection 200 U,ivgtt,qd;observation group was additionally given Beraprost sodium tablets 40 μg,tid,after meal,on the basis of control group.Both groups were treated for 15 d.Clinical efficacies as well as hemorheological indexes,ankle-brachial indexes,pain scores,cold felling scores,intermittent claudication scores and serum oxidation stress indexes before and after treatment were compared between 2 groups. The occurrence of ADR was also recorded. RESULTS:Total response rate of observation group (90.24%)was significantly higher than that of control group(78.05%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistical significance in above indexes between 2 groups(P>0.05).Compared to before treatment,whole blood high shear viscosity,plasma viscosity,hematocrit,fibrinogen contents,platelet adhesion rates,pain scores,cold feeling scores,intermit-tent claudication scores and serum MDA levels of 2 groups were decreased significantly after treatment;while ankle-brachial indexes, the serum levels of SOD,T-AOC and GSH-Px were increased;the indexes of observation group were better than those of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Beraprost combined with fibrinogenase show good therapeutic efficacy for LEAOD,can effectively relieve clinical symptoms,promote local blood circulation and improve oxidant stress level with good safety.