No abstract available.
Animals ; Humans* ; Mice* ; Muramidase* ; Paneth Cells* ; Rats*

Our previous research on sulfated polysaccharide purified from Ecklonia cava, a brown alga found in Jeju island, Korea, showed that sulfated polysaccharides modulate the apoptotic threshold of intestinal cells, thereby preventing intestinal damage caused by ionizing radiation. In this study, we investigated the ability of sulfated polysaccharide to augment restoration of small intestinal stem cells from gamma-ray-induced damage. In our results, sulfated polysaccharide treatment increased the numbers of Ki-67-positive cells as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-expressing cells in the small intestine compared with those of irradiated only mice. Meanwhile, exposure to irradiation increased the number of paneth cells, which are frequently associated with intestinal inflammation, whereas sulfated polysaccharide treatment reduced the number of paneth cells in the small intestinal crypt. Conclusively, our data suggest that reduction of iNOS-expressing cells and paneth cells in sulfated polysaccharide-treated mice contributes to the inhibition of radiation-induced intestinal inflammation.
Animals ; Inflammation ; Intestine, Small ; Korea ; Mice* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Paneth Cells ; Polysaccharides ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Stem Cells*

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is extremely rare and is characterized by widespread acinar cell-like differentiation. We report of a 39-year-old woman presented with a palpable breast mass with significant morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. Histologically, ACC showed a diffuse glandular infiltrative pattern, with small acinar or glandular structures mixed with solid nests. Neoplastic cells were monotonous proliferation of cells with a granular or clear cytoplasm, resembling acinar cells of the salivary glands or Paneth cells. Both glandular and solid tumor cell populations were strongly positive for lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin.
Acinar Cells ; Adult ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muramidase ; Paneth Cells ; Salivary Glands

Paneth cell-rich carcinoma is essentially an adenocarcinoma with a predominance of Paneth cells. A 60-year-old male patient was admitted with a history of abdominal distension for several months. Endoscopic examination revealed a large ulceroinfiltrative tumor involving most of the areas of the stomach. The biopsy of the lesion confirmed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and total gastrectomy was followed. The submitted total stomach contained a diffuse infiltrative Borrmann type IV mass with ulceration, 8.0 3.5 cm, at the body along the lesser curvature. Microscopically, it was composed of Paneth cell differentiated cancer cells and poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma cells. The Paneth cell differentiation was characterized by cytoplasmic coarse eosinophilic granules, which were PAS-positive and positive reaction for lysozyme. Electron microscopic examination showed numerous, spherical, electron-dense, homogeneous granules corresponding to those in Paneth cells as well as mucin granules in the signet-ring cells, and various intermediate forms in some cancer cells, which might be immature in the Paneth cell lineage.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Muramidase ; Paneth Cells ; Stomach* ; Ulcer

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of fish oil on intestinal Paneth cells in mouse with abdominal infection.

METHODSFifty C57BL/6J mouse were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 each): control group, sham group, infection group (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP), fish oil group (0.4 g/kg fish oil, intragastric administration every day, FO) and long chain triglyceride group (0.4 g/kg soybean oil, intragastric administration every day, LCT). The mouse were sacrificed and the terminal ileum was collected for lysozyme, cryptdin 4 and secreted phosphatidase A2 (sPLA2) analysis at the fourth day after operation. The changes of mouse body weight and intestinal mucosa pathology were observed.

RESULTSThe body weight, the mRNA levels of lysozyme, cryptdin 4 and sPLA2 and the protein level of lysozyme of Paneth cells in the infection group were reduced compared with the control group (0.78±0.34 vs. 1.83±0.11, 0.99±0.44 vs. 2.02±0.33, 0.92±0.25 vs. 1.50±0.27, 0.31±0.06 vs. 0.45±0.05, all P<0.05), meanwhile the intestinal villi collapse and breakage occurred obviously. Fish oil could up-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of lysozyme (1.23±0.27 vs. 0.78±0.34 and 0.62±0.23, 0.38±0.07 vs. 0.31±0.06 and 0.32±0.06, all P<0.05) and alleviate the mucosa injury compared with the infection group and LCT group.

CONCLUSIONSThe function of intestinal Paneth cells is damaged apparently after cecal ligation and puncture. Fish oil can relieve this injury.

Animals ; Cecum ; Fish Oils ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Intestine, Small ; Intraabdominal Infections ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Paneth Cells ; Up-Regulation

Immature myeloid cells, also known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), include neutrophilic and monocytic myeloid cells, and are found in inflammatory loci and secondary lymphoid organs in mice with intestinal inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, and tumor tissues. However, the roles of MDSCs in IBD are not yet well understood, and there are controversies regarding their immunosuppressive functions in IBD. In addition, recent studies have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal epithelial cells, especially in Paneth cells, is closely associated with the induction of IBD. However, the ER stress in MDSCs accumulated in the inflamed tissues of IBD patients is not yet fully understood. In the current review, we discuss the presence of accumulated MDSCs in the intestines of IBD patients, and further speculate on their physiological roles in the inflammatory condition with interleukin 17-producing cells, including Th17 cells. In particular, we will discuss the divergent functions of MDSCs in ER stressed intestinal environments, including their pro-inflammatory or immunosuppressive roles, based on the consideration of unfolded protein responses initiated in intestinal epithelial cells by ER stress.
Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukins ; Intestines ; Mice ; Myeloid Cells ; Neutrophils ; Paneth Cells ; Th17 Cells ; Unfolded Protein Response

Immature myeloid cells, also known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), include neutrophilic and monocytic myeloid cells, and are found in inflammatory loci and secondary lymphoid organs in mice with intestinal inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, and tumor tissues. However, the roles of MDSCs in IBD are not yet well understood, and there are controversies regarding their immunosuppressive functions in IBD. In addition, recent studies have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal epithelial cells, especially in Paneth cells, is closely associated with the induction of IBD. However, the ER stress in MDSCs accumulated in the inflamed tissues of IBD patients is not yet fully understood. In the current review, we discuss the presence of accumulated MDSCs in the intestines of IBD patients, and further speculate on their physiological roles in the inflammatory condition with interleukin 17-producing cells, including Th17 cells. In particular, we will discuss the divergent functions of MDSCs in ER stressed intestinal environments, including their pro-inflammatory or immunosuppressive roles, based on the consideration of unfolded protein responses initiated in intestinal epithelial cells by ER stress.
Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukins ; Intestines ; Mice ; Myeloid Cells ; Neutrophils ; Paneth Cells ; Th17 Cells ; Unfolded Protein Response

Emerging evidences have reported that periodontitis can be a risk factor for the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), one of the crucial pathogens in chronic periodontitis, has been spotlighted as a potential cause for the promotion and acceleration of periodontitis-associated systemic disorders. To investigate the association between Pg and intestinal disease or homeostasis, we treated Pg-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine colitis model or intestinal organoid, respectively. Pg-derived LPS (Pg LPS) was administrated into chemically induced murine colitis model and disease symptoms were monitored compared with the infusion of LPS derived from E. coli (Ec LPS). Organoids isolated and cultured from mouse small intestine were treated with Pg or Ec LPS and further analyzed for the generation and composition of organoids. In vivo observations demonstrated that both Pg and Ec LPS exerted slight protective effects against murine colitis. Pg LPS did not affect the generation and growth of intestinal epithelial organoids. Among subtypes of epithelial cells, markers for stem cells, goblet cells or Paneth cells were changed in response to Pg LPS. Taken together, these results indicate that Pg LPS leads to partial improvement in colitis and that its treatment does not significantly affect the self-organization of intestinal organoids but may regulate the epithelial composition.
Acceleration ; Animals ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Colitis ; Epithelial Cells ; Goblet Cells ; Homeostasis ; Intestinal Diseases ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Intestine, Small ; Mice ; Organoids ; Paneth Cells ; Periodontitis ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Porphyromonas ; Risk Factors ; Stem Cells

This study was carried out on ICR mice, male, weighing about 26~35 g in order to investigate the effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) on the Paneth cells and their glycoconjugates. They were given intraperitoneally CP (Sigma, USA) 150 mg/kg body weight. Control mice were given as same amount of distilled water. The mice were sacrificed after 12 hours and on day 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 14 after CP injection. Sections were prepared from the region upper 1~2 cm from the end of the ilea. The material for histological examination was fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Some of the preparation 4 mm thick from the paraffin blocks stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The average numbers of the cells (Paneth cell index : PCI) were counted in the longitudinally sectioned 20 intestinal glands and semiquantitive granulation indices (Paneth cell granulation index : PGI) were obtained arithmatically weighted method to 3 cell types classified according to the degree of granularity of the cells. The other sections were incubated with 8 species of lectins (GS I B4, PSA, SBA, sWGA, UEA I, ECL, PNA and LFA). In order to increase the specificity of the reactions, the sections were applicated with ABC system. And then the sections were incubated DAB and were counterstained with hematoxylin. The results observed by light microcope were as follows. 1. The Paneth cell index (PCI) was 155.5 in control mice, while the PCI from the mice after 12 hours CP injection was 88.3. The Paneth cell granulation index (PGI) decreased from 316.0 in control mice to 152.3 in 12 hours after the CP administration. 2. The PCI increased to 141 and the PGI was 354 on day 2 after CP administration, which was higher in number than those of the control mice. It was characterized that the Paneth cells packed with numerous eosinophilic granules in the apical region increased in great numbers on day 2. 3. The PCI and PGI decreased on day 4 and day 5, and began to increase on day 9, which recovered to the similar level of the control mice. 4. Apoptotic-like cells increased suddenly in great numbers 12 hours after the CPA injection and began to decrease on day 1. Most of the dying cells seem to come from stem cells of the crypts and a small numbers of them from Paneth cells. 5. Paneth cells exhibited an extensive binding pattern for SBA, sWGA, and showed a restricted binding pattern for GS I B4 and UEA I. PSA, PNA, LFA. ECL showed negative reaction with Paneth cells. 6. It seems that Paneth cells can be classified according to the composition of the glycoconjugate in the granule and the stages of the cell maturation. The glycoconjugates in the halo is thought different from that in the core of the secretory granules. 7. The Paneth cell granules generally showed stronger reaction with the lectins in 12 hours after the CP admini-stration. 8. It is thought that the core of the granules decomposed earlier than the halo of the granules, and the granules of the cells reacted negatively with the lectins secreted earlier than those of the cells showed strong reaction with the lectins after the CP injection.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Eosinophils ; Formaldehyde ; Glycoconjugates ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Ileum* ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Lectins ; Male ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Paneth Cells ; Paraffin ; Secretory Vesicles ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stem Cells ; Water

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paneth Cells ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery