The study was conducted at 3 provinces: Bac Ninh, Nam Dinh and Ha Tay from November 2001 to July 2002. At each province, 100 women, aged from 21 to 39years old, average blood pressure of 107/68mmHg, average weight of 47kg and average height of 154cm were selected into study. Study on acceptability of 300 Vietnamese women using contractive drug Mercilon, the results showed that: satisfying and acceptance rate is so high about 99%, the side effect was just a little and decreased gradually depending on using duration, menstrual periods are in monthly and frequently, only 1 case faced with amenorrhea, and another case experienced excessive menstruation, 4 cases give up study because of side effects. Thus, satisfying and acceptance rate in Vietnamese women is so high.
Contraceptive Agents ; Women ; Pancuronium

Succinylcholine(SCh)-induced muscle fasciculations may be prevented by pretreatment with small doses of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. The optimal timing of pretreatment to abolish fasciculation varies according to the drug used and dose. In this study, we determined the optimal timing of pretreatment of pancuronium to prevent muscular fasciculation in 100 patients. Each group (n=20) was received pancuronium 0.015 mg/kg at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 minutes before SCh 3 mg/kg administration, respectively. The degree of fasciculations after SCh administration was observed and classified into one of 4 grade. There were significant differences between each groups (Ridit scores=10.078, p<0.01) To compare observed fasciculations of one grpup with those of the others, the degree of fasciculations was summed according to an arbitrary scale. The summation of grade in 4 minute group was lowest in this scale. It was concluded that the optimal timing of pretreatment, pancuronium 0.015 mg/kg, was 4 minutes before SCh 3 mg/kg injection.
Fasciculation* ; Humans ; Pancuronium* ; Succinylcholine*

Vecuronium has been used for long surgical procedure by infusion or intermittent injection. However, such methods are not economical. It may be that the use of longer acting pancuronium followed by vecuronium would offer the advantages of economy and rapid recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the duration of effect of vecuronium administered after pancuronium. Eighteen patient reguiring prolonged major surgery were given intravenous pancuronium 0.06 mg/ kg (ED95) after induction of anesthesia and a dose of pancuronium 0.06 mg/kg (Group I, nine patients) or vecuronium 0.01 mg/kg (Group II, nine patients) was given at the recovery of neuromuscular transmission where the response to the first stimulus (T1) was 25% of control response. As a result, the time of onset, recovery time of 25%, 50% and 75% of control response T1 and recovery index was to be shorter with vecuronium than with pancuronium. It is concluded that vecuronium administered at the end of surgery after pancuronium is effective for shorting the duration of recovery time.
Anesthesia ; Humans ; Pancuronium* ; Vecuronium Bromide*

The effect of pancuronium on induced hypotension by histamine and d-tubocurarine was investigated in the rabbit. The results are summarized as follows; 1) Intravenous diphenhydramine(5ug) pretreatment attenuated the arterial hypotension induced by 3ug of histamine and 30ug of d-tubocurarine. 2) Pancuronium in doses of 1ug, 3ug, 10ug and 30ug produced an attenuation of the vaso depressor action of histamine 3pg but was not does dependent and the depression rate was 20%, 25%, 24% and 49% respectively. 3) Pancuronium in dose of 0.3ug, lug, 3ug and 10ug produced to attenuate the vasode-pressor action of d-tubocurarine 30ug, which it was dose dependent attenuation of vasode-pressor action at dose from 0.3ug to 3ug and depression rate was 19%, 26%, 52% and 20% respectively.
Depression ; Histamine ; Hypotension* ; Pancuronium* ; Tubocurarine*

The methods commonly used for monitoring neuromuscular transmission do not allow evaluating of an intense neuromuscular blockade. A sufficient dose of non-depolarizing relaxant used for endotracheal intubation causes disappearance of the response to single, tetanic and train of four (TOF)nerve stimulation for a variable period of time during which the magnitude of neuro-muscular blockade can not be evaluated by the traditional stimulation forms. Enhancement of posttetanic twitch tension in partially curarized patients remains constant regardless of the dose of non-depolarizing muscle relaxant or magnitude of neuromuscular blockade. If this also holds true for an intense neuromuscular blockade, the response to posttetanic twitch stimulation after the injection of a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant must appear earlier than the response to pretetanic twitch or TOF neve stimulation. The present study was designed to evaluate neuromuscular blockade during the period of no response to single or TOF stimulation by quantifying the degree of posttetanic potentiation. The possibility existed that the relatively frequent use of a tetanic stimulation (every 6 minutes) might have influenced the recovery of neuromuscular blockade. Therefore, we have studied the conventional TOF stimulation comparing with posttetanic count stimulation which may affect the recovery of intravenous pancuronium(0.08 mg/kg) induced neuromuscular block. The results were as follows; 1) The time of the T1 appearance was 815 seconds and 50% T4 ratio was 1,214.3 seconds in TOF group. 2) The time of the T1 appearance was 790 seconds and 50% T4 ratio was l,l35.5 seconds in PTC group, The recovery time appeared to be shorter in this group but statistically not signifi cant. 3) ln PTC group, TOF recovery was observed after average 2.3 times of tetanic stimulation. Above findings may suggest that intense pancuronium block in rabbit is not affeced by the TOF or PTC stimulation.
Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pancuronium

Succinylcholine(SCC) is well known to elevate the serum potassium level and to threaten life in some cases. In order to minimize the elevation of serum potassium following SCC, several attempts have been made such as SCC tamming and pretreatment with pancuronium or lidocaine or diazepam. Our study was undertaken to evaluate the change of serum potassium following induction in 60 patients divided into 7 different groups; group l. SCC 1mg/kg; group ll. SCC 2 mg/kg, grouplll, SCC 1mg/kg after SCC 10mg; group IV, SCC 1mg/kg after pancuronium 0.015mg/kg, group V. Pnacuronium 0.1mg/kg; group VI, SCC 1mg/kg after Lidocaine 1mg/kg; grou VII, SCC 1mg/kg after Diazepam 0.2mg/kg. The results were as follows: 1) Serum potassium were increased 0.14mEq/L in group l and 0.17 mEq/L in group ll. 2) Serum potassium were decreased in group lll, VI and VII than their control values but they were not statistically significant. 3) The decrease in serum potassium was most significant in group IV and V.
Calcium ; Diazepam ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Pancuronium ; Potassium ; Succinylcholine

Small dose of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are often recommended as prior medication of succinylcholine in order to avoid the elevation of intraocular pressure elicited by succinylcholine The effects of muscle relaxants on the intraocular pressure were studied in 45 human subjects. Intraocular pressure was significantly lowerd by d-tubocurarine 3 mg from 14.7 mmHg to 11.3 mmHg, and by pancuronium 0.08 mg/kg from 15.6 mmHg to 13.4 mmHg. When succinylcholine was given alone, subjects shows a mean elevation in intraocular pressure. There were no significant changes in intraocular pressure between d-tubocurarine and pancuronium given prior to succinylcholine.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Pancuronium* ; Succinylcholine* ; Tubocurarine*

BACKGROUND: A question was whether it was preferable to give the reversal agent when profound block was present or wait for some spontaneous recovery before antagonizing the block. This study has been conducted to evaluate the reversal effects of neostigmine with divided doses in the rabbits after pancuronium when profound relaxation(PTC=O) or the first twitch of TOF stimulation was appeared (TOF,T1) was confirmed. METHODS: Rabbits(n=60) were randomly allocated to 5 groups. After pancuronium 0.2 mg/kg intravenously, spontaneous recovery was evaluated in group 1. When the profound relaxation(PTC=O) was confirmed at 5 min. after pancuronium, neostigmine 50 ug/kg with atropine 20 ug/kg were injected in group 2. At that time, neostigmine 10 ug/kg with atropine 4 ug/kg were injected and after 3 min. neostigmine 40 ug/kg with atropine 16 ug/kg were injected in group 3. When TOF, Tl was confirmed, neostigmine 50 ug/kg with atropine 20 ug/kg were injected in group 4. At that time, neostigmine and atropine were injected in group 5 as the same way of group 3. RESULTS: The mean time from injection of pancuronium to 95% recovery was 98.9 min. in group 1, 60.3 min. in group 2, 50.9 min. in group 3, 71.0 min. in group 4 and 67.1 min. in group 5. The recovery index was significantly reduced when neostigmine was injected at TOF,T1(p<0.05). The recovery time after neostigmine with divided doses was reduced, but there was no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The results of present study suggested that total recovery time was reduced when neostigmine was injected earlier with divided doses than single dose unrelated to profound relaxation.
Atropine ; Muscle Relaxation* ; Neostigmine* ; Pancuronium ; Rabbits* ; Relaxation

No abstract available.
Diazepam* ; Hemodynamics* ; Morphine* ; Pancuronium* ; Respiration, Artificial*

Four modes of administrating atropine and neostigmine to reverse pancuronium block were studied in thirty-eight anesthetized patients, with special reference to their effects on heart rate and electrocardiogram. At the end of operation in group 1 a mixture of atropine (0. 5 mg) and neostigmine(1. 0 mg) was rapidly injected together. In group 2 the same mixture was slowly injected in 3 minutes. In group 3 atropine was rapidly injected and 2 minutes later neostigmine was rapidly injected. In group 4 neostigmine was slowly injected in 1 minute and then immediately atropine was rapidly injected. The results were as follows. 1) In all groups a transient increase in heart rate was followed by a decrease which continued over 30 minutes. 2) The changes in heart rate were most pronounced when atropine was given before neostigmin(group 3) On the other hand when atropine was given immediately after neostigmine the changes in heart rate seemed to be smallest. 3) A small number of cases showed transient ECG changes in each group. It is considered that one must be careful about arterial gas and ECG changes although the number of cases is small and certain correlation was not indicated but the ECG of the five of 38 patients are abnormal, four of these are among the abnormal cases in the gas study, two of the four abnormals are under PaO2, 60 mmHg.
Atropine* ; Electrocardiography* ; Hand ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Neostigmine* ; Pancuronium