BACKGROUNDEpidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent results regarding tea consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether tea consumption is related to the risk of pancreatic cancer.

METHODSWe searched Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane library for studies published up to November 2013. We used a meta-analytic approach to estimate overall odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest versus the lowest tea consumption categories.

RESULTSThe summary OR for high versus no/almost never tea drinkers was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.91-1.20), with no significant heterogeneity across studies (P = 0.751; I(2) = 0.0%). The OR was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.77-1.28) in males and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.79-1.29) in females. The OR was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.85-1.34) in Asian studies, 1.05 (95% CI: 0.84-1.31) in European studies, and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.72-1.34) in the US studies. The OR was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.69-1.10) without adjustment for a history of diabetes and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.97-0.39) after adjustment for a history of diabetes. The OR was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.72-1.12) without adjustment for alcohol drinking and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.96-1.39) after adjustment for alcohol drinking. The OR was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.76-1.25) without adjustment for BMI and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.87-1.31) after adjustment for BMI.

CONCLUSIONThis systematic meta-analysis of cohort studies dose not provide quantitative evidence that tea consumption is appreciably related to the risk of pancreatic cancer, even at high doses.

OBJECTIVES: A common method for conducting a quantitative systematic review (QSR) for observational studies related to nutritional epidemiology is the "highest versus lowest intake" method (HLM), in which only the information concerning the effect size (ES) of the highest category of a food item is collected on the basis of its lowest category. However, in the interval collapsing method (ICM), a method suggested to enable a maximum utilization of all available information, the ES information is collected by collapsing all categories into a single category. This study aimed to compare the ES and summary effect size (SES) between the HLM and ICM. METHODS: A QSR for evaluating the citrus fruit intake and risk of pancreatic cancer and calculating the SES by using the HLM was selected. The ES and SES were estimated by performing a meta-analysis using the fixed-effect model. The directionality and statistical significance of the ES and SES were used as criteria for determining the concordance between the HLM and ICM outcomes. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the directionality of SES extracted by using the HLM or ICM. The application of the ICM, which uses a broader information base, yielded more-consistent ES and SES, and narrower confidence intervals than the HLM. CONCLUSIONS: The ICM is advantageous over the HLM owing to its higher statistical accuracy in extracting information for QSR on nutritional epidemiology. The application of the ICM should hence be recommended for future studies.
Citrus ; Epidemiology* ; Methods* ; Nutrition Assessment ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Population Characteristics

OBJECTIVES: Using the population-based cancer registry in Jejudo, we found that Jejudo had lower incidence in stomach cancer than other regions in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate reasons for this difference. METHODS: Citrus is the leading agricultural production in Jejudo, suggesting that lower cancer incidence in Jejudo could be explained by citrus fruit intake. We evaluated this hypothesis with quantitative systematic review (QSR). RESULTS: Stomach cancer incidence was significantly lower, with a summary odds ratio (SOR) after QSR of 0.72 [95% CI=0.64-0.81]. In addition, the SOR of pancreatic cancer tended to be lower at 0.83 [95% CI=0.70-0.98]. The SOR of prostate cancer was slightly higher at 1.03 [0.89-1.19]. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative systematic reviews for the effect of citrus fruit intake on cancer occurrence suggested that lower cancer incidence in Jejudo could be explained by intake of citrus fruits.
*Citrus ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Neoplasms/*epidemiology ; Odds Ratio ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; *Registries ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/*diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/*diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Papillary/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Prevalence

Objective: To analyze the disease burden of pancreatic cancer in major Asian countries and forecast the burden of that in China, which helps to provide reference for the prevention and control of pancreatic cancer. Methods: Data on disease burden of pancreatic cancer among global and major Asian countries from on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 were collected to describe burden distribution through the absolute numbers or standardized rates of incidence, death and disability adjusted life years (DALY) by year, sex and socio-demographic index. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) was used to assess the trend of standardized rate. The proportion of deaths attributable to risk factors for pancreatic cancer in 2019 was used to compare by age, sex and region. ARIMA model was performed with R language to predict change of age-standardized incidence and death rates of pancreatic cancer from 2020 to 2029. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence rates of pancreatic cancer in China increased from 3.17/100 000 to 5.78/100 000, and the standardized death rate increased from 3.34/100 000 to 5.99/100 000. The increases exceeded other high-income Asia countries. In the past three decades, the standardized incidence, death and DALY rates of pancreatic cancer in global have increased year by year. Among the major countries in Asia, China has the highest growth rate of disease burden (EAPC of standardized incidence rates=2.32%, 95% CI: 2.10%-2.48% and EAPC of standardized death rate=2.25%, 95% CI: 2.03%-2.42%). In addition, incidence and death rates of pancreatic cancer in China are expected to continue on the rise between 2000 and 2029 by ARIMA model. Incidence rate is expected to increase 15.92% and death rate is expected to increase 15.86%. Conclusions: The standardized incidence and death rates of pancreatic cancer in China increase year by year with an increasing trend for the burden of disease. The disease burden of pancreatic cancer is expected to rise due to the increase and aging of the population. Preventive measures should be adopted to decrease the burden of the pancreatic cancer.
Asia/epidemiology* ; Global Burden of Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/*diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/*diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Papillary/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*diagnosis

Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are found with increasing prevalence, especially in elderly asymptomatic individuals. Although the overall risk of malignancy is very low, the presence of these pancreatic cysts is associated with a large degree of anxiety and further medical investigation due to concerns about malignancy. This review discusses the different cystic neoplasms of the pancreas and reports diagnostic strategies based on clinical features and imaging data. Surgical and nonsurgical management of the most common cystic neoplasms, based on the recently revised Sendai guidelines, is also discussed, with special reference to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN; particularly the branch duct variant), which is the lesion most frequently identified incidentally. IPMN pathology, its risk for development into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the pros and cons of current guidelines for management, and the potential role of endoscopic ultrasound in determining cancer risk are discussed. Finally, surgical treatment, strategies for surveillance of pancreatic cysts, and possible future directions are discussed.
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/epidemiology/pathology/*surgery ; Cystadenoma/epidemiology/pathology/*surgery ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Endosonography ; Humans ; Pancreatic Cyst/epidemiology/*pathology/surgery ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology/*pathology/surgery ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Prevalence

Objective To investigate the impact of prior non-pancreatic cancer on the survival outcomes of patients with localized pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Methods We reviewed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and selected patients with localized PanNETs diagnosed between 1973 and 2015. We divided the patients into two groups according to the presence or absence of prior non-pancreatic malignancy. Before and after propensity score matching, we compared the clinicopathological characteristics and studied the overall survival and cancer-specific survival. Results A total of 357 (12.9%) of 2778 patients with localized PanNETs had prior cancer. A total of 1211 cases with only a localized PanNET and 133 cases with a localized PanNET and prior cancer had complete data and met the inclusion criteria of the current study. Patients with prior cancer were associated with advanced age (>65 years, 57.9% prior cancer
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/epidemiology* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Propensity Score

How the news media cover cancer may have profound significance for cancer prevention and control; however, little is known about the actual content of cancer news coverage in Korea. This research thus aimed to examine news portrayal of specific cancer types with respect to threat and efficacy, and to investigate whether news portrayal corresponds to actual cancer statistics. A content analysis of 1,138 cancer news stories was conducted, using a representative sample from 23 news outlets (television, newspapers, and other news media) in Korea over a 5-year period from 2008 to 2012. Cancer incidence and mortality rates were obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service. Results suggest that threat was most prominent in news stories on pancreatic cancer (with 87% of the articles containing threat information with specific details), followed by liver (80%) and lung cancers (70%), and least in stomach cancer (41%). Efficacy information with details was conveyed most often in articles on colorectal (54%), skin (54%), and liver (50%) cancers, and least in thyroid cancer (17%). In terms of discrepancies between news portrayal and actual statistics, the threat of pancreatic and liver cancers was overreported, whereas the threat of stomach and prostate cancers was underreported. Efficacy information regarding cervical and colorectal cancers was overrepresented in the news relative to cancer statistics; efficacy of lung and thyroid cancers was underreported. Findings provide important implications for medical professionals to understand news information about particular cancers as a basis for public (mis)perception, and to communicate effectively about cancer risk with the public and patients.
Communication ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internet/statistics & numerical data ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Male ; Mass Media/*statistics & numerical data ; Neoplasms/*epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology

How the news media cover cancer may have profound significance for cancer prevention and control; however, little is known about the actual content of cancer news coverage in Korea. This research thus aimed to examine news portrayal of specific cancer types with respect to threat and efficacy, and to investigate whether news portrayal corresponds to actual cancer statistics. A content analysis of 1,138 cancer news stories was conducted, using a representative sample from 23 news outlets (television, newspapers, and other news media) in Korea over a 5-year period from 2008 to 2012. Cancer incidence and mortality rates were obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service. Results suggest that threat was most prominent in news stories on pancreatic cancer (with 87% of the articles containing threat information with specific details), followed by liver (80%) and lung cancers (70%), and least in stomach cancer (41%). Efficacy information with details was conveyed most often in articles on colorectal (54%), skin (54%), and liver (50%) cancers, and least in thyroid cancer (17%). In terms of discrepancies between news portrayal and actual statistics, the threat of pancreatic and liver cancers was overreported, whereas the threat of stomach and prostate cancers was underreported. Efficacy information regarding cervical and colorectal cancers was overrepresented in the news relative to cancer statistics; efficacy of lung and thyroid cancers was underreported. Findings provide important implications for medical professionals to understand news information about particular cancers as a basis for public (mis)perception, and to communicate effectively about cancer risk with the public and patients.
Communication ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internet/statistics & numerical data ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Male ; Mass Media/*statistics & numerical data ; Neoplasms/*epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology