Objective To investigate the role of estrogen in spontaneous repair of osteochondral defect,so as to provide guidance for the application of estrogen in tissue engineering.Methods Seventytwo healthy adult female SD rats (4-month-old) were assigned to negative control group (group A,n =24),ovariectomized group (group B,n =24) and ovariectomized + estrogen treatment group (group C,n =24) according to the random number table.Rats in group C were intraperitoneally injected 0.1 mg/kg estradiol benzoate once per week after operation.An osteochondral defect model (diameter:2 mm,height:1.5 mm) was established in femoral trochlea of rats 4 weeks after operation.At 2,10 and 20 weeks after the modeling,8 rats from each group were sacrificed.Femoral condyles were collected to measure bone volume fraction (BVF),number of bone trabeculae (Tb.N),trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) in the osteochondral defect area by micro-CT scanning.Morphological changes were observed by HE staining,histomorphological changes and cartilage regeneration by safranine O-fast green staining,osteoclast count by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining,distribution of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by immunohistochemistry and expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG),receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and MMP-9 by real-time-PCR.Results Compared to group B,increased BVF and Tb.N and decreased Tb.Sp were observed in groups A and C at each time point.More bone matrix formations were observed in groups A and C than in group B at 2 weeks,cysts (also known as cystic cavities) in regenerated subchondral bone and cracks in subchondral bone plate were observed in group B at 10 and 20 weeks,and proliferation of osteoclasts was active within lesions in group B at 10 and 20 weeks.Compared to group B,lowered levels of RANKL and MMP-9 (P ＜ 0.05) and significantly increased level of OPG (P ＜ 0.01) were observed in groups A and C at each time point,and osteoclast count in groups A and C was lowered at 10 and 20 weeks (P＜0.05).No regeneration of cartilage layer was observed in all groups.Conclusions Excessive proliferation of osteoclasts results in formation of cystic cavities and cracks.Estrogen improves the speed and quality of bone repair by regulating activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,so it can be used to treat osteochondral defect in tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum CXCL16 levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction and their relationship with the Trial of Org10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) etiological types of cerebral infarction. Methods The serum CXCL16 levels in 113 patients with acute cerebral infarction were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and they were grouped according to TOAST types. The patients between all the subgroups and/or 32 healthy controls were compared. Results The serum CXCL16 levels in patient group were significantly higher than those in control group (2.29 ± 0.21 ng/mlvs.1.75±0.21 ng/ml, t= 12.863, P= 0.000); The serum CXCL16 levels in large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke group were significantly higher than those in small artery occlusive (SAO) stroke group (2.38 ±0.23 ng/mL vs. 2.21 ±0.11 ng/ml, 1 =5. 743, P =0. 000), and both were significantly higher than those in the control group (q = 20. 501, P = 0. 000; q =13. 527, P= 0. 000). In the LAA group, there were no significant differences between the serum CXCL16 levels in ≥2 artery stenosis group and those in only 1 artery stenosis group (2.34 ±0.24 ng/ml vs. 2.46 ± 0. 19 ng/ml, t = - 1.969, P = 0. 054). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CXCL16 (OR =0.972, 95% CI0.956-0. 978, P =0.001)and hyperlipidemia (OR =3.547, 95%CI 1.160-10. 848, P=0. 020) were the independent risk factors for cerebral infarction. Conclusions The serum CXCL16 levels increased in acute cerebral infarction, it closely related with the occurrence of cerebral infarction, and the LAA stroke group was significantly higher than the SAO stroke group.

Objective To preliminarily study on the values of microembolic signal(MES)monitoring in the evaluation of anti-Platelet agent or anti-Platelet agent+statins in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods Among the patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease in the cm'otid system who performed MES monitoring the MES-positive patients were ramaomly allocated into dual antiplatelet group(aspirin 100 mg/d+clopidogrel 75 mg/d)and dual antiplatelet + atorvastatin goup (aspirin 100 mg/d + clopidogrel 75 mg/d +atorvastatin 20 me4d).MEss were monitored by transcranial Doppler ultrasound.Results Among the 60 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease in the carotid system,13(21.7%)were MES positive.in which,6 and 7 were randomly divided into dual antiplatelet group and dual antiplatelet + atorvastatin group respectively.There were no significant differences in the constituent ratios of sex hypertmsion,diabetes,coronary heart disease,smoking,alcohol consumption,and history of previous stroke as well as the age,time from onset to microembolic monitoring,and time from onset to drug intervention between the 2 groups.There were no significant differences in the numbers of microemboli(8.83±1.17/h vs.9.00±1.83/h)before treatment between the dual alltiplatelet group and dual antiplatdet + atorvastatin group (P=0.851);2 and 7 days after treatment,the numbers of micromixfli were 4.17±1.47 and 2.17±0.75/h respevtively in the dutral antiplatelet group,and they were significantly higher than 1.43±0.976 and 0.71±0.488/h)respevtively in the dual antiplatelet + atorvastatin group (P=0.002 and P=0.003).They were followed up for 8 days;and there were 110 ischemic events in both groups.Conclusions The dual antiplatelet agents or those in combination with statins might reduce the number of MES,but when they were used in combination with statins,the number Of MES reduced more significant.However.because there are only a few patients in the study,this conclusion still needs to be further validatod in a large-scale multicenter randomized controlled trial.The MES monitoring has a certain value in the evaluation of anti-platelet drugs or those in combination with statins

Objective To evaluate the effect of mind mapping-oriented health education on patient's fluid intake during hemodialysis intervals. Methods From June 2015 to April 2016, 72 patients with poor compliance with fluid intake were randomly divided into control group (n=36) and observation group (n=36). In the control group, routine health education was used and the observation group was treated with mind mapping-oriented health education. The two groups were compared before intervention and 6 months after that in terms of compliance with fluid intake and daily fluid intake, ultrafiltration volume and body weight gain/dry weight ratio and incidence of complications. Results In the observation group, the fluid intake compliance, daily fluid intake, ultrafiltration volume and body weight gain/dry weight ratio 6 months after intervention were superior to those of the control group (all P<0.05). The incidences of complications such as hypotension, hypertension, muscle spasms and cardiac arrhythmia were also significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The health education based on mind mapping is helpful to enhance the degree of cognition of fluid intake compliance, improve self-efficacy of chronic diseases, control the growth of body weight during dialysis and reduce the incidence of complications.

opping drinking. They were not influenced by gender, smoking and drinking histories. They could serve as monitoring indexes for recent drinking status on healthy individuals.

Objective To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) appearances of spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome ( SIHS) ,in order to improve the understanding of this disease .Methods The clini-cal data of 7 patients with SIHS confirmed by lumbar puncture were retrospectively analyzed .MRI was performed in all cases,in which there were 6 cases with contrast-enhanced MRI.Results All of them showed diffusely thickening of dural.6 cases with brain contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated linear ,non-nodular and diffusely dural enhancement . The dilation of sinus and great vein were observed in 5 cases,subdural hydroma in 2 cases,brain sagging in 3 cases, pituitary gland plumpness in 2 cases,subdural hematoma in 1 case and 1 case with linear spinal dural enhancement . Conclusion The MRI manifestations of SIHS are characteristic ,and it will be helpful for the diagnosis by combining clinical data.

Objective:To investigate whether the habenula takes part in the depressor effect of losartan.Methods:Arterial blood pressure,heart rate and the unit dischargings of habenular neurons in rat were recorded simultaneously.Results:Arterial blood pressure was apparently decreased by 10 mg/kg losartan intraperitoneally(ip),but heart rate did not change;63.64% (21/33) unit dischargings of habenular neurons was increased in the rate of discharges.Conclusion:The depressor effect of losartan (ip) may be involved in the excitation of habenular neurons by lsoartan(ip).

Objective To investigate the influence of injection color regents concentration on completed resection rate, operation time and injection volume of patients with intestinal tumor by ESD.Methods 90 elderly patients with intestinal tumor by ESD were chosen from June 2013 to June 2016. They were randomly divided into 3 groups including A group (30 patients) with glycerin fructose used alone, B group (30 patients) with glycerin fructose combined with 2% mythylene blue on the basis of glycerin fructose and C group (30 patients) with glycerin fructose combined with 4% mythylene blue on the basis of glycerin fructose; and the completed resection rate of tumor, operation time, injection volume and complication incidence in the peri-operative period of 3 groups were compared.Results There was no signiifcant difference in the completed resection rate of tumor among the 3 groups (P < 0.05). The operation time and injection volume of C group were signiifcant better than A group and B group (P< 0.05). There was no signiifcant difference in operation time and injection volume between A group and B group (P < 0.05). There was no signiifcant difference in the complication incidence in the peri-operative period among the 3 groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion Compared with glycerin fructose used alone and glycerin fructose combined with 1% mythylene blue for 2 mg, glycerin fructose combined with 1% mythylene blue for 4 mg by intestinal submucosal injection on patients with intestinal tumor by ESD can efifciently shorten the operation time and reduce the injection volume.

Objective To summarize the characteristics of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) of portal vein diseases and investigate the CT diagnosis of its primary and secondary diseases.Methods The imaging data of 62 patients from Xi'an Xidian Group Hospital,28 patients from Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital of Shanxi Province and 16 patients from Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital with portal vein diseases from January 2012 to March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The CT findings,primary and secondary diseases of portal vein lesions were recorded through plain scan and enhanced scan of MSCT.Results Changes in the width of portal vein:among 106 patients,dilation of main portal vein was detected in 45 cases,stenosis of stem or branches of portal vein in 39 cases,portal vein obstruction in 49 cases (21 patients accompanied with enlargement in stem of portal vein and 6 patients with normal width).The diameters of dilated portal vein were 1.4-2.2 cm with a mean diameter of 1.8 cm.The diameters of portal vein with stenosis and occlusion caused by carcinomas were 1.8-4.0 cm with a mean diameter of 2.3cm.Portal vein fistula and pneumatosis:hepatic artery-portal vein fistulas were detected in 12 patients,posterior right branches of portal vein-inferior vena cava fistulas in 2 patients,inferior vena cavaportal vein fistulas and portal-hepatic vein fistulas in 2 patients,pneumatosis in 2 patients.Lesions of portal vein occlusions:occlusions located at main portal veins were detected in 4 cases,left and right branches in 34 cases,both main portal veins and left or right branches in 11 cases.Malignant stenosis and occlusion were detected in 29 and 42 cases,benign stenosis and occlusion were detected in 10 and 7 cases,respectively.Protopathies of portal vein dilation:there were 43 patients with liver cirrhosis and 2 patients with inferior vena cava-portal vein-hepatic vein fistula of Budd-Chiari syndrome.Protopathies of benign stenosis and occlusion:portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis,giant cavernous haemangioma,polycystic disease of liver,pylephlebitis caused by liver abscess,portal vein thrombosis caused by polycythemia vera.Protopathies of hepatic artery portal vein fistula and portal veininferior vena cava fistula:liver cancer and liver cirrhosis,protopathy of inferior vena cava-portal vein fistula and portal vein-hepatic vein fistula were Budd-Chiari syndrome.Protopathies of pneumatosis:intestinal infarction after superior mesenteric artery embolus and acute gastric dilatation.Portacaval collateral circulation occurred in 58 patients (partial patients complicated with multi-point varices and shunts),ascites in 44 patients,portal vein cavernous transformation in 12 patients,ischemia and edema of intestinal wall in 5 patients,intrahepatic cholangiectasis in 19 patients including 17 cases of biliary obstruction caused by malignant tumors and 2 cases of portal vein cavernous transformation complicated with intrahepatic cholangiectasis (portal hypertensive biliopathy).Conclusions The MSCT for portal vein diseases is presented as portal vein stenosis,occlusion or dilation,pneumatosis.Secondary lesions are portacaval collateral circulation,portal vein cavernous transformation,intestinal ischemia and portal hypertensive biliopathy,and primary lesions are mainly liver cirrhosis and malignant tumors.MSCT can show clearly the portal vein lesions and diagnose accurately its primary and secondary lesions.