Objective To investigate the role of estrogen in spontaneous repair of osteochondral defect,so as to provide guidance for the application of estrogen in tissue engineering.Methods Seventytwo healthy adult female SD rats (4-month-old) were assigned to negative control group (group A,n =24),ovariectomized group (group B,n =24) and ovariectomized + estrogen treatment group (group C,n =24) according to the random number table.Rats in group C were intraperitoneally injected 0.1 mg/kg estradiol benzoate once per week after operation.An osteochondral defect model (diameter:2 mm,height:1.5 mm) was established in femoral trochlea of rats 4 weeks after operation.At 2,10 and 20 weeks after the modeling,8 rats from each group were sacrificed.Femoral condyles were collected to measure bone volume fraction (BVF),number of bone trabeculae (Tb.N),trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) in the osteochondral defect area by micro-CT scanning.Morphological changes were observed by HE staining,histomorphological changes and cartilage regeneration by safranine O-fast green staining,osteoclast count by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining,distribution of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by immunohistochemistry and expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG),receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and MMP-9 by real-time-PCR.Results Compared to group B,increased BVF and Tb.N and decreased Tb.Sp were observed in groups A and C at each time point.More bone matrix formations were observed in groups A and C than in group B at 2 weeks,cysts (also known as cystic cavities) in regenerated subchondral bone and cracks in subchondral bone plate were observed in group B at 10 and 20 weeks,and proliferation of osteoclasts was active within lesions in group B at 10 and 20 weeks.Compared to group B,lowered levels of RANKL and MMP-9 (P ＜ 0.05) and significantly increased level of OPG (P ＜ 0.01) were observed in groups A and C at each time point,and osteoclast count in groups A and C was lowered at 10 and 20 weeks (P＜0.05).No regeneration of cartilage layer was observed in all groups.Conclusions Excessive proliferation of osteoclasts results in formation of cystic cavities and cracks.Estrogen improves the speed and quality of bone repair by regulating activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,so it can be used to treat osteochondral defect in tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum CXCL16 levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction and their relationship with the Trial of Org10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) etiological types of cerebral infarction. Methods The serum CXCL16 levels in 113 patients with acute cerebral infarction were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and they were grouped according to TOAST types. The patients between all the subgroups and/or 32 healthy controls were compared. Results The serum CXCL16 levels in patient group were significantly higher than those in control group (2.29 ± 0.21 ng/mlvs.1.75±0.21 ng/ml, t= 12.863, P= 0.000); The serum CXCL16 levels in large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke group were significantly higher than those in small artery occlusive (SAO) stroke group (2.38 ±0.23 ng/mL vs. 2.21 ±0.11 ng/ml, 1 =5. 743, P =0. 000), and both were significantly higher than those in the control group (q = 20. 501, P = 0. 000; q =13. 527, P= 0. 000). In the LAA group, there were no significant differences between the serum CXCL16 levels in ≥2 artery stenosis group and those in only 1 artery stenosis group (2.34 ±0.24 ng/ml vs. 2.46 ± 0. 19 ng/ml, t = - 1.969, P = 0. 054). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CXCL16 (OR =0.972, 95% CI0.956-0. 978, P =0.001)and hyperlipidemia (OR =3.547, 95%CI 1.160-10. 848, P=0. 020) were the independent risk factors for cerebral infarction. Conclusions The serum CXCL16 levels increased in acute cerebral infarction, it closely related with the occurrence of cerebral infarction, and the LAA stroke group was significantly higher than the SAO stroke group.

Objective To preliminarily study on the values of microembolic signal(MES)monitoring in the evaluation of anti-Platelet agent or anti-Platelet agent+statins in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods Among the patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease in the cm'otid system who performed MES monitoring the MES-positive patients were ramaomly allocated into dual antiplatelet group(aspirin 100 mg/d+clopidogrel 75 mg/d)and dual antiplatelet + atorvastatin goup (aspirin 100 mg/d + clopidogrel 75 mg/d +atorvastatin 20 me4d).MEss were monitored by transcranial Doppler ultrasound.Results Among the 60 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease in the carotid system,13(21.7%)were MES positive.in which,6 and 7 were randomly divided into dual antiplatelet group and dual antiplatelet + atorvastatin group respectively.There were no significant differences in the constituent ratios of sex hypertmsion,diabetes,coronary heart disease,smoking,alcohol consumption,and history of previous stroke as well as the age,time from onset to microembolic monitoring,and time from onset to drug intervention between the 2 groups.There were no significant differences in the numbers of microemboli(8.83±1.17/h vs.9.00±1.83/h)before treatment between the dual alltiplatelet group and dual antiplatdet + atorvastatin group (P=0.851);2 and 7 days after treatment,the numbers of micromixfli were 4.17±1.47 and 2.17±0.75/h respevtively in the dutral antiplatelet group,and they were significantly higher than 1.43±0.976 and 0.71±0.488/h)respevtively in the dual antiplatelet + atorvastatin group (P=0.002 and P=0.003).They were followed up for 8 days;and there were 110 ischemic events in both groups.Conclusions The dual antiplatelet agents or those in combination with statins might reduce the number of MES,but when they were used in combination with statins,the number Of MES reduced more significant.However.because there are only a few patients in the study,this conclusion still needs to be further validatod in a large-scale multicenter randomized controlled trial.The MES monitoring has a certain value in the evaluation of anti-platelet drugs or those in combination with statins

Objective To evaluate the effect of mind mapping-oriented health education on patient's fluid intake during hemodialysis intervals. Methods From June 2015 to April 2016, 72 patients with poor compliance with fluid intake were randomly divided into control group (n=36) and observation group (n=36). In the control group, routine health education was used and the observation group was treated with mind mapping-oriented health education. The two groups were compared before intervention and 6 months after that in terms of compliance with fluid intake and daily fluid intake, ultrafiltration volume and body weight gain/dry weight ratio and incidence of complications. Results In the observation group, the fluid intake compliance, daily fluid intake, ultrafiltration volume and body weight gain/dry weight ratio 6 months after intervention were superior to those of the control group (all P<0.05). The incidences of complications such as hypotension, hypertension, muscle spasms and cardiac arrhythmia were also significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The health education based on mind mapping is helpful to enhance the degree of cognition of fluid intake compliance, improve self-efficacy of chronic diseases, control the growth of body weight during dialysis and reduce the incidence of complications.

Objective To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) appearances of spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome ( SIHS) ,in order to improve the understanding of this disease .Methods The clini-cal data of 7 patients with SIHS confirmed by lumbar puncture were retrospectively analyzed .MRI was performed in all cases,in which there were 6 cases with contrast-enhanced MRI.Results All of them showed diffusely thickening of dural.6 cases with brain contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated linear ,non-nodular and diffusely dural enhancement . The dilation of sinus and great vein were observed in 5 cases,subdural hydroma in 2 cases,brain sagging in 3 cases, pituitary gland plumpness in 2 cases,subdural hematoma in 1 case and 1 case with linear spinal dural enhancement . Conclusion The MRI manifestations of SIHS are characteristic ,and it will be helpful for the diagnosis by combining clinical data.

Background and purpose:Osteosarcoma, a highly malignant bone tumor, develops rapidly. The current medicines for osteosarcoma present some limitations with serious side effects of long-term use. Isosteviol has the structure of tetracyclic diterpene which is the starting material of many anti-cancer drugs. However, its anti-tumor activity has been rarely reported. This study investigated the effect of isosteviol on proliferation of human osteosarcoma cell line U-2OS.Methods:The effect of isosteviol on U-2OS cell proliferation was assayed by MTT method. Cellular morphologic changes were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope. The cell condition was observed with Hoechst 33342 and PI staining. Generation of reactive oxygen species and cell membrane potential were detected as well. The cell cycles were analyzed with lfow cytometry. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by Western blot assay.Results:The result indicates that isosteviol suppressed the growth of U-2OS cells in time- and concentration-dependent manner. Isosteviol could cause S phase cell cycle arrest at 24 h and apoptosis at 48 h. With the increased drug concentration, reactive oxygen species increased significantly, and the membrane potential gradually reduced. In addition, isosteviol treatment enhanced the expression of Bax but reduced that of Bcl-2.Conclusion:The inhibition of isosteviol on cell growth of U-2OS cells was possibly caused by promoting apoptosis through regulating the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as the enhancement of Bax and reduction of Bcl-2 expression.

Objective: To explore the change of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and its correlation with forced expiratory volume in the ifrst second (FEV1), the ifrst second forced expiratory volume percentage of forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: FeNO, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were measured in 57 suspected asthmatics (21 acute onsets, 12 non-acute and 24 non-asthma), 38 COPD patients (25 acute exacerbations and 13 stable stages) and 26 healthy subjects. Results: In the 57 suspected asthmatic patients, when the optimal cut off value of FeNO was 20.15 PPb, which was used to diagnose asthma and differentiate asthma and non-asthma, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, the sensitivity and the speciifcity was 94.1%, 95.7%, 97.0%, and 91.7% respectively. hTere was signiifcant difference in the FeNO level between the 33 asthmatics and 26 healthy subjects (P<0.05). There was also significant difference in the FeNO level between the acute onset and the non-acute (P<0.05), but not in the FEV1 and FEV1/FVC level (bothP>0.05). hTere was no signiifcant correlation between FeNO and FEV1, FEV1/FVC in patients with asthma (r=-0.186,-0.236, bothP>0.05). hTere was signiifcant difference in the levels of FeNO, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC between the 38 COPD patients and the 26 healthy subjects (all P<0.05), and also between the 25 acute exacerbations and 13 stable COPDs (allP<0.05), but not between the 13 stable COPDs and 26 healthy subjects (allP>0.05). FeNO was not correlated with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC level in COPD patients (r=-0.167,-0.285, bothP>0.05). Conclusion: FeNO level is increased obviously in patients with asthma. hTe optimal cut off value of FeNO at 20.15 PPb can differentiate asthma and non-asthma with high sensitivity and speciifcity. FeNO is higher for the acute onset than non-acute, which may be useful to evaluate the control degree. FeNO level is increased in COPD patients in the acute exacerbations, but there is no change in stable COPD patients compared with the healthy subjects.

opping drinking. They were not influenced by gender, smoking and drinking histories. They could serve as monitoring indexes for recent drinking status on healthy individuals.

Objective:To investigate whether the habenula takes part in the depressor effect of losartan.Methods:Arterial blood pressure,heart rate and the unit dischargings of habenular neurons in rat were recorded simultaneously.Results:Arterial blood pressure was apparently decreased by 10 mg/kg losartan intraperitoneally(ip),but heart rate did not change;63.64% (21/33) unit dischargings of habenular neurons was increased in the rate of discharges.Conclusion:The depressor effect of losartan (ip) may be involved in the excitation of habenular neurons by lsoartan(ip).