Tetradrine-tashionone II(A)-PLGA composite microspheres were prepared by the SPG membrane emulsification method, and the characterization of tetradrine-tashionone II(A) -PLGA composite microspheres were studied in this experiment. The results of IR, DSC and XRD showed that teradrine and tashionone II(A) in composite microspheres were highly dispersed in the PLGA with amorphous form. The results of tetradrine-tashionone II(A) -PLGA composite microspheres in vitro release experiment showed that the cumulative release amounts of tetradrine and tashionone II(A) were 6.44% and 3.60% in 24 h, and the cumulative release amounts of tetradrine and tashionone II(A) were 89.02% and 21.24% in 17 d. The process of drug in vitro release accorded with the model of Riger-Peppas. Tetradrine-tashionone II(A) -PLGA composite microspheres had slow-release effect, and it could significantly reduce the burst release, prolong the therapeutic time, decrease the dosage of drugs and provide a new idea and method to prepare traditional Chinese medicine compound.
Benzofurans ; chemistry ; Benzylisoquinolines ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Particle Size ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related factors of norovirus in Guangxi from 2015 to 2020, and to provide scientific recommendations for norovirus prevention and control. Methods The foodborne diseases surveillance data were collected from 11 sentinel hospitals through the National Foodborne Disease Monitoring and Reporting System from 2015 to 2020. R software with version 4.0.3 was used for descriptive and statistical analysis, including epidemic curve, chi-square test, and trend chi-square and so on. Logistic regression was used to analyze norovirus-related factors, OR values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated respectively with the statistical test level of P<0.05. Results There were 1 008 norovirus cases detected, with a detection rate of 12.75% (1 008/7 903). Children with age less than 5 years (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.13-1.82) and patients at age 20-45 (OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.13-1.87) were high risk population. The detection rate was higher in autumn (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.08-1.53) but lower in summer (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.55-0.80). In addition, the tourist area (Guilin City) presented a higher detection rate than other areas (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.10-1.80). Aquatic products (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.03-1.91), meat and dairy products (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.06-1.61) were high-risk foods for norovirus infection. The prevention and control policies of COVID-19 can reduce the possibility of norovirus by 61% (OR=0.39, 95%CI: 0.31-0.49) showed a declining trend (Trend χ2=85.33, P<0.001). In addition, prolonged visit time can lead to 19%-23% decrease in the detection rate of norovirus (OR24-48 hours=0.81, 95%CI: 0.70-0.95; OR>48 hours=0.77, 95%CI: 0.63-0.93). Conclusions　The epidemic of norovirus presented seasonal and regional distribution in Guangxi with a declining detection rate trend in diarrhea patients during recent 6 years. Young children were high-risk population in infection norovirus. The intake of seafood can increase the risk of norovirus infection. The prevention and control policies of COVID-19 can sharply decrease the possibility of infection norovirus. The monitoring of key foods such as seafood should be strengthened, and the early screening of suspected cases should be taken. The norovirus monitoring should be improved to ensure the health of the population.

BACKGROUNDThe University of Wisconsin colloid based preserving solution (UW solution) is the most efficient preserving solution for multiorgan transplantation. Unfortunately, unavailability of delayed organ preserving solutions hindered further progression of cardinal organ transplantation in China. In this study, we validated an organ preserving Changzheng Organ Preserving Solution (CZ-1 solution) and compared it with UW solution.

METHODSA series of studies were conducted on how and how long CZ-1 solution could preserve the kidneys, livers, hearts, lungs and pancreas of New Zealand rabbits and SD rats. Morphology of transplanted organs was studied by visible microscopy and electron microscopy; biochemical and physiological functions and the survival rate of the organs during prolonged cold storage were studied.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference between CZ-1 and UW solutions in preserving the kidneys, livers, hearts or lungs of rabbits; kidneys, livers, intestinal mucosa or pancreases of SD rats or five deceased donors' testicles. In some aspects, such as preserving rabbits' hearts, rats' intestinal mucosa and pancreases, the effect of CZ-1 solution was superior to UW solution. CZ-1 could safely preserve kidneys for 72 hours, livers for 24 hours, hearts for 18 hours and lungs for 8 hours for SD rats. Twelve kidneys preserved in cold CZ-1 solution for 22 - 31 hours were transplanted successfully and the mean renal function recovery time was (3.83 +/- 1.68) days.

CONCLUSIONSCZ-1 solution is as effective as UW solution for organ preservation. The development of CZ-1 solution not only reduces costs and improves preservation of organs, but also promotes future development of organ transplantation in China.

Adenosine ; pharmacology ; Allopurinol ; pharmacology ; Animals ; China ; Glutathione ; pharmacology ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; Heart Transplantation ; methods ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Intestine, Small ; drug effects ; physiology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiology ; Kidney Transplantation ; methods ; Liver ; drug effects ; physiology ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; Lung ; drug effects ; physiology ; Lung Transplantation ; methods ; Male ; Organ Preservation ; economics ; methods ; Organ Preservation Solutions ; pharmacology ; Pancreas ; drug effects ; physiology ; Pancreas Transplantation ; methods ; Pharmaceutical Solutions ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Raffinose ; pharmacology ; Testis ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship of Chinese familial Parkinson disease with alpha-synuclein gene.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and polymerase chain reaction-heteroduplex analysis(PCR-HA) were employed to detect the abnormal mobilization in the familial Parkinson disease and sporadic Parkinson disease patients, then it was verified by gene sequencing.

RESULTSNo mutation was found in alpha-synuclein gene exons 3 and 4 by PCR-SSCP together with PCR-HA. An inserted c and an inserted t were found in intron 4, position 23 and position 67 respectively.

CONCLUSION(1) Exons 3 and 4 of alpha-synuclein gene are not the mutational hot spots of Chinese familial Parkinson disease. (2) Two polymorphisms were found in intron 4 of alpha-synuclein gene. They are 23 ins c and 67 ins t.

Adult ; Aged ; Exons ; Female ; Heteroduplex Analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Parkinson Disease ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Synucleins ; alpha-Synuclein

Objective To investigate the genetic information of 30 insertion/deletion (InDel) loci in Han population from Jiangsu Province, and to explore the application values of Investigator? DIPplex kit for guiding the forensic analysis in Han population from Jiangsu Province. Methods The autosomal InDel loci of 305 unrelated healthy Han individuals from Jiangsu Province were genotyped and analysed by In-vestigator? DIPplex kit, and the allelic frequencies and forensic parameters of 30 InDel loci were statis-tically analysed. Results The distribution of 30 InDel loci in Han population from Jiangsu Province con-formed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The minor allele frequencies of 21 InDel loci were above 0.3. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.089 to 0.375, while the discrimination power dis-tributed from 0.093 to 0.500. The paternity exclusion in duo cases and trio cases were 0.047-0.250 and 0.046-0.219, respectively. The linkage disequilibrium analysis of 30 InDel loci showed that all loci were independent from each other. The combined discrimination power was 1-7.369 ×10-8, whereas the com-bined mean exclusion chance in duo cases was 0.998933978, in trio cases was 0.997806392. The Fst values were all less than 0.06 except HLD118 and other four loci, which showed small differences be-tween groups. Conclusion The InDel loci of Investigator ? DIPplex kit can be used as complementary genetic markers for the cases associated with forensic genetics.

A series of ursolic acid derivatives were synthesized by the introduction of 4-chloroindole compounds at A ring and esterification and amidation at C-28 position, which structures were characterized by ¹H NMR, MS and etc. The cytotoxic activity of derivatives was evaluated against HepG2 and SGC7901 cells in vitro by MTT assay, in which paclitaxel and adriamycin were used as a positive control. The results indicated that all of derivatives can inhibit cell proliferation in HepG2 and SGC7901 cells with a better activity than ursolic acid. Especially, the compounds 6 and 12 showed significant antitumor activity comparable to the paclitaxel. The compounds are worthy to be studied further.

The disorder of brain-gut interaction is an important cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the dynamic characteristics of the brain remain unclear. Since there are many shortcomings for evaluating brain dynamic nature in the previous studies, we proposed a new method based on slope calculation by point-by-point analysis of the data from functional magnetic resonance imaging, and detected the abnormalities of brain dynamic changes in IBS patients. The results showed that compared with healthy subjects, there were dynamic changes in the brain for the IBS patients. After correction by false discovery rate (FDR), significant abnormalities were only found in two functional connections of the right posterior cingulate gyrus linked to left middle frontal gyrus, and the right posterior cingulate gyrus linked to left pallidus. The above results of the brain dynamic analysis were totally different from those of the brain static analysis of IBS patients. Our findings provide novel complementary information for illustrating the central nervous mechanism of IBS and may offer a new direction to explore central target for patients with IBS.
Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Brain Mapping ; Gyrus Cinguli/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective To investigate the bacterial resistance in nationwide and understand the distribution of bacterial and resistance trend.MethodsThe 6507 clinical isolates were collected from 19 hospitals in 17 cities.The susceptibility tests were performed using agar dilution method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) in central laboratory.The values of MIC50,MIC90 and MICrange were calculated by SPSS 17.0 and the susceptibilities of isolates to antimicrobial agents were determined by using CLSI (2010) guideline.Of all 6507 isolates,4691 strains were collected from target wards and 1816 were isolated from others wards.ResultsAmong 4691 strains,1156 were Gram-positive (24.6％ ) and 3535 were Gram-negative (75.4％).Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration results,the prevalence of methicillin resistant Stapylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Stapylococcus epidermidis are 51.6％ ( 325/630 ) and 87.0％ ( 228/262 ) respectively.Staphylococci showing intermediate or full resistance to vancomycin were not observed. Coagulase negative Staphylococci showed 2.5％ (16/642)intermediate rate and 1.6％ ( 10/642 ) full resistance rate to teicoplanin,and showed 0.5％ ( 3/642 )resistance rate to linezolid.Antibiotic resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis to ampicillin was 17.1％(19/111),while the resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium to ampicillin reached up to 85.0％(164/193).Three Enterococcus faecium were resistant to glycopeptides.The prevalence of penicillin resistance Streptococcus pneumoniae and penicillin intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae were 41.2％ ( 145/352) and 37.2％ (131/352) respectively based on oral penicillin criterion,while the prevalence were 0.0％ (0/352) and 6.0％(21/352) based on vein to non-meningitis criterion.A vast majority of Enterobacteriaceae maintained high susceptibility to carbapenems,with resistance rate less than 2.0％.In addition,tigecycline,moxalactam,fosfomycin and amikacin displayed desirable antibacterial activity against Enterbacteriaceae,and resistance rates to these drugs were all less than 10.0％.For non-fermenting Gramnegative isolates,resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem were 23.1％ ( 139/601 ) and 53.5％ (419/784) respectively.Resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was much higher than that during the period 2007 - 2008.Colistin,tigecycline,minocycline and fosfomycin demonstrated good antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro.Conclusions Compared with MOHNARIN 2007 -2008year surveillance results, significant increase in resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was demonstrated.Resistant strains to linezolid and tigecycline were found.Bacterial resistance has been a widespread problem in our country,which requires much more attention.

Objective To investigate the distribution of alleles in 19 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in Jiangsu Han population.Methods Goldeneye20A kit was used to detect 9 025 samples.Genetic analysis was performed on typing data of 19 autosomal STR loci, and genetic distance with other 17 populations was analyzed.Results All the 19 autosomal STR loci were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05), with the heterozygosity 0.616 1-0.916 3, probability of match 0.012 8-0.202 6, discrimination power 0.797 4-0.987 2, probability of paternity exclusion 0.310 8-0.828 8, and polymorphic information content 0.561 7-0.913 6.The cumulative discrimination power and cumulative probability of exclusion were 0.999 999 999 999 999 998 434 1 and 0.999 999 989, respectively.The Jiangsu Han population had close genetic distances with the Han population in Tianjin, Hunan and Jilin, and significant difference with Han population in Aletai region in Xinjiang (P＜0.05).Conclusion The STR allele polymorphism data and population genetic parameters of Jiangsu Han population can provide data support for the forensic application of these STR loci in Jiangsu Han population.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)/cysteine aspartate-specific protease(Caspase)-1 signaling pathway and esophageal inflammation by observing the effect of Xuanfu Daizhe Tang on the composition of inflammatory body and the expression of relevant inflammatory factors in rats with reflux esophagitis (RE), so as to explain the mechanism of Xuanfu Daizhe Tang in treating RE. Method:Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:the normal control group, the model control group, the Xuanfu Daizhe Tang group (9.89 g·kg^-1) and the positive control group (omeprazole enteric-coated tablets+mosapride, 2.58 mg·kg^-1), with 15 rats in each group. Except for the blank control group, the remaining rats were operated by " 4.2 mm pyloric clip+2/3 gastric fundus ligation" to establish models. Since the 8^th day after the operation, the rats were given corresponding drugs twice a day for 14 days. The arterial blood and esophageal tissues were taken out at the 15^th day after the intervention. The pathological morphology of esophagus was observed by naked eyes and under light microscopy. The secretion of cytokines Caspase-1 and interleukin(IL)-1β in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in esophagus were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with the normal group, the injury of esophageal mucosa in the model group was the most serious. Compared with the normal group, the levels of Caspase-1 and IL-1β in serum and the expression of NLRP3 protein in esophageal tissue of the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, Xuanfu Daizhe Tang could significantly reduce the contents of Caspase-1 and IL-1β in serum of rats, and down-regulate the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β protein in esophageal tissue (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion:Xuanfu Daizhe Tang can regulate the expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1, and reduce the content of IL-1β, suggesting that it may antagonize esophageal inflammatory response, reduce esophageal inflammatory injury and treat RE by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway.