BACKGROUND: Researches suggest that ginseng saponin (GS) has protective effect on central nerve, but the effect on spinal nerves is reported rarely.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between effect of GS on spinal nerve and level of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and its mechanism.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Military Hyperbaric Oxygen Center of Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at Clinical Anatomy Institute (National Key Laboratory) of the First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in 2000. Forty SD foetus rats with 15-day conception were selected.METHODS: Study Ⅰ: Embryo-spinal nerve cells of SD rats were separated, extracted and modeled with DMEM/F12 culture medium. On the fourth day of inoculated culture, axon of spinal nerve (simulation of peripheral nerve injury) was damaged with scarification method in injury group, but that in non-injury group was not treated. 150 μL cell culture medium and 100 mg/L Griess solution were mixed at 0, 0.5 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours after injury respectively. Absorbency (A) was assayed with Σ960 (λ=570 nm) enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA) symbolic device 10 min-utes after reaction at room temperature. Study Ⅱ: Embryo-spinal nerve cells of SD rats were separated and extracted. Those in the experimental group were treated with GS + DMEM/F12 culture medium, but with DMEM/F12 culture medium in the control group. A value was assayed with the same method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① Relationship between injury of spinal neurons and level of NO;② Relationship between protective effect of GS and level of NO.RESULTS:① Relationship between injury of spinal neurons and level of NO: In the injury group, NO secretion was increased after injury of spinal neurons, reached peak 2 hours later, and decreased 3 hours later. There was significant difference as compared 0.5 hour with 0 hour (P ＜ 0.01),and also there was significant difference as compared 2 hourswith 0 hour (P ＜ 0.01).② Relationship between protective effect of GS and level of NO: In the control group, A value was increased with time passing, reached peak 2 hours later, and decreased 3 hours later; but A value in the experimental group was not changed generally. There was significant difference between the two groups at 2-hour point (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: NO liberation is increased after peripheral nerve injury.GS can inhibit NO liberation so as to protect peripheral nerve.

Objective To analyze the related factors and the independent risk factors of death in patients with multiple injuries. Methods Data of 651 patients with multiple injuries treated in our hospital from June 2012 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the outcomes, patients were divided into effective group (n=608) and death group (n=43). Data of gender, age, cause of injury, the primary diseases related with the trauma, ISS score, number of trauma, time from injury to the treatment and the body parts of injury were compared between two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of death in multiple trauma patients. Results The proportion of patients≥60 years old, ISS score≥16 points, the number of trauma≥4, a major brain injury and time of trauma to the treatment ≥3 h were higher in death group than those of effective group (P<0.05). The independent risk factors for emergency death in multiple injuries included patients≥60 years old, major brain injury, ISS score ≥16 points and time of trauma to the treatment ≥ 3 h. The cause of death in patients with craniocerebral trauma (cerebral laceration) accounted for up to 27.91%(n=12), intracranial hematoma accounted for 20.93% (n=9), and traumatic hemothorax accounted for 11.63% (n=5). Conclusion The related factors and independent risk factors should be paid attention to doctors in emergency department, and the emergency plan should be made to reduce the death rate of emergency patients with multiple injuries.

Objective To study the clinical value of procalcitonon (PCT) for predicting development of acute kidney injury and outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods 205 inpatients with acute pancreatitis in our hospital were enrolled in our study during January 2012 to March 2013. According to acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in three consecutive days or not, the patients were divided into AKI group (n = 32) and control group (n=173). Crea, Urea, CysC and PCT, serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed. The predictive validity of these indicators was constructed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Results PCT, IL-6, and CRP level of AKI group showed significant higher in AKI group than control group (P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant difference of the level of Urea, Crea, Cys C and SAA between the two groups (P>0.05). The AUC value of PCT showed significant higher than the AUC value of CRP, IL-6 and SAA(P<0.05). Conclusion PCT is a early, sensitive, specific biomarker for predicting AKI of patients with AP.

Objective To summarize the modernization of information demand of clinical teaching and management of nursing interns, evaluate the effect of development of the nursing intern teaching management information platform in the clinical effect. Methods Through literature retrieval, inductive method, on the basis of the needs analysis of nursing interns, clinical teachers, Nursing Education Center personnel a total of 41 people were divided into 5 groups with 5-7 people each. Brainstorming method was used to build the initial module and design the questionnaire and the interview outline. The clinical teaching teacher questionnaire was investigated in 101 part and in-depth interviews. Results The recovery of 100 valid questionnaires, the effective questionnaire 99.0%(100/101) and in-depth interviews with 15 excellent clinical teachers, the final 7 first level indices and 55 two level indices; finally running test platform development and 6 months, again the clinical teacher interviews, trial platform had a satisfactory result. Conclusion The nursing intern teaching management information platform is helpful to improve the teaching quality of nursing interns and management efficiency.

Objective Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial disease. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms and CHD in the Chinese population. Methods We searched literature in pubmed (1990-2010.8) and CNKI (1990-2010.8) for all the relevant studies on 2 angiotensinogen polymorphisms (M235T and T174M) and risk of CHD. The meta-analysis software Stata 10.0 was used for ascertaining heterogeneity among individual studies and for combining all the studies. Furthermore,Egger's test and sensitivity analysis were performed to insure authenticity of the outcome.Results Ten associations studies on 2 angiotensinogen polymorphisms (M235T and T174M) were included in this meta-analysis. In a combined analysis, the summary per-allele odds ratio for CHD of the M235T polymorphism was 1.374 (95% confidence interval, 1.019 to 1.852) and T174M polymorphism was 4.089 (95% confidence interval, 1.697 to 9.851). Conclusions The M235T polymorphism had weak but statistically significant association with CHD while the T174M polymorphism was more strongly associated with a CHD risk in Chinese population, but further confirmation studies are needed.

Objective　To evaluate the role of transvaginal sonography in diagnosing the normal cervix and its benign lesions.Methods　The one handred and thirty-eight women without malignant findings by colposcopy examination underwent transvaginal sonography within 2 weeks before hyterectomy. The sonography findings were compared with the pathology report.Results　Cervical cysts(39 cases) were the most common sonography findings. In 17 cases, endocervical polyps were found sonographically,in 14 cases, myomas were found,and in 27 cases cervicitis were found. The cervix showed no sonographic abnormal in 41. Pathologic results showed 42 cervical cysts, 14 cervical polyps, 16 myomas, 17 cervicitis and 49 normal cervices.Conclusions　The sensitivity and specificity of transviginal sonography are high in diagnosing normal cervices and benign cervical lessions. Transviginal sonography provides reliable diagnosing information about the cervix for clinic.

AIM: To investigate the effect of exercise training(EX) on the arterial baroreflex and possible mechanisms in rats with chronic heart failure(CHF).METHODS: Experiments were carried out in four groups: EX-CHF,CHF,EX-sham,and sham. CHF was induced by left coronary artery ligation,and EX consisted of 4 weeks of treadmill running. Baroreflex function,plasma angiotensin II(Ang II) and central AT1 receptor expression were determined.RESULTS: (1) The average slope and maximal gain of the baroreflex curve in CHF rats were lower than those in sham rats(P<0.01). EX significantly enhanced baroreflex parameters in CHF group but not in sham group.(2) EX decreased plasma Ang II in CHF rats ［(137±27)ng/L vs (263±55)ng/L,P<0.01］,but had no significant effect on plasma Ang II in sham rats ［(75±17)ng/L vs (92±21)ng/L］.(3) Expression of AT1R protein in the PVN of CHF rats was higher than that in sham rats(1.20±0.21 vs 0.70±0.14,P<0.01). EX reduced AT1R protein level in CHF rats(0.90±0.13),but had no impact in sham rats(0.60±0.16).CONCLUSION: EX restores the attenuated arterial baroreflex function in CHF rats,involving in decrease of plasma Ang II and downregulation of AT1R in the PVN.

To evaluate the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) in internal medicine teaching for residency training of general medicine.Fifty two residents of general medicine were divided randomly into PBL teaching and traditional teaching groups with 26 in each.The evaluation was conducted in combination of examination scores and questionnaire survey in both groups.In questionnaire survey the residents of PBL group responded positively about the use of PBL in teaching, and rated themselves as having much better competencies in problem solving and self-directed learning.The scores of case analysis examination in PBL group were higher than those in traditional teaching group ( 73.7 ± 4.1 vs.71.1 ± 4.8, P ＜ 0.05 ).The results suggest that the application of PBL has better effect than traditional teaching in residency training of general medicine.

Enzyme linked lectin assay (ELLA) and lectin cytochemical staining are employed to study of WGA receptor on human sperm membrane of 44 fertile and 40 unexplained infertile males in this experiment. Binding capacity of sperm from fertile and infertile males, on the average, showed 16.3?10~7 and 9.39?10~7 WGA-HRP molecules per sperm, respectively (P

Objective: To establish the part of quality control standards for Bingganning Granules. Methods: Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati in Binggamning Granules were identified by TLC and polydatin of Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati was determined by HPLC. Results: The content of aloe emodin in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei could be used as a basis of quantitation. The average recovery of polydatin was 97.05%. RSD was 1.625%. The content of polydatin in Bingganning Granules was fixed at least not to low than 4mg/g. Conclusion: The method is simple, quick, accruate and with good reproducibility.