Background and purpose: 18F-FDG has been considered to be of limited value for the detection of bladder lesions because of interference by the 18F-FDG excreted in urine. Delayed pelvic images with“diluted and iflled bladder”use a method of 18F-FDG PET/CT with delayed images after oral hydration so as to increase the detection rate of 18F-lfuorodeoxyglucose(FDG) PET/CT imaging for the lesions of bladder. Methods:48 patients with bladder lesions(35 patients with bladder primary tumor and 13 patients with metastatic tumor) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT detection and were required oral hydration of 1200-1800 mL water, urination frequently, holding urine when the more scan began. Lesions conifrmed by histopathology, MRI, CT or clinical follow-up at least 1 year. Results:89%(43/48) of patients were obtained good clearance and the urine SUVmax declined from 33.14(9-66.80)to 3.23(1.35-5.65) signiifcantly and the statistical difference was signiifcant (t=8.703, P<0.01). The interval time between two scan was 2 h approximately. At the same time, the SUVmax of bladder lesion was 2.8-25.0. Detection sensitivity, speciifcity and accuracy were 90.47%(19/21), 81.48%(22/27)and 85.41%(41/48), respectively. Conclusion: 18F-FDG activity in the bladder signiifcantly decreased in most patients with“diluted and iflled bladder”. The PET/CT scan can highly detect lesions of bladder tissues. Our method with high accuracy and better endurance could be applied to detect the lesions in bladder.

Objective: To understand the attitudes and perceptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners in Beijing TCM hospitals regarding the use of Ephedra sinica Stapf (E. sinica, Ma Huang). Methods: A two-stage cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire survey of TCM practitioners in Beijing TCM hospitals between April 2023 and March 2024. The questionnaire included demographic information, the clinical background of TCM practitioners, and the clinical application of E. sinica. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relevant influencing factors when using E. sinica. Results: Of the 465 questionnaires collected, 441 were valid. Among these, 84.81% (374/441) reported having used E. sinica in clinical practice at least once. The commonly used doses of E. sinica—excluding the pediatric department—were 10 g for high doses, 6 g for medium, and 3 g for low. The three most frequently used formulas for E. sinica included Maxing Shigan decoction, Mahuang decoction, and Xiao Qing Long decoction. The most common TCM patterns treated with a high dose of E. sinica were wind-cold exterior pattern, wind-cold invading the lung, and wind and water combat with meridians congealed by cold. The top three Western medical diagnoses when using E. sinica for treatment were common cold, pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections. Nearly half of the respondents reported experiencing adverse reactions from the oral administration of E. sinica, with the most common being palpitations, insomnia, and restlessness. Starting with a low dose and gradually increasing it as appropriate was identified as an effective approach. Conclusion This study investigated the attitudes and perceptions of TCM practitioners in Beijing TCM hospitals regarding the dose–efficacy–adverse reaction relationship of E. sinica, providing a reference for the safe and effective clinical use of E. sinica.

Objective:To investigate clinical application of aconite root (Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.;hereinafter"aconite") by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physicians in TCM hospitals in Beijing and explore the specific use of aconite and the effect of different doses on decoction time.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study using two-stage sampling.Questionnaires were administered among TCM physicians from TCM hospitals in Beijing between September 2020 and August 2021.The questionnaire mainly included general demographics,clinical backgrounds of TCM physicians,and clinical application of aconite.The data analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0.Results:A total of 387 questionnaires were collected,of which 385 were valid.Of the 385 participating TCM physicians,331 (85.97％) used aconite in clinical practice.The top three medical diagnoses treated with aconite were heart failure,diarrhea without cause,and chronic gastritis.The TCM pattern treated most frequently with a high dose of aconite was spleen-kidney yang deficiency,and the TCM pattern treated most frequently with a low dose was spleen yang deficiency,while spleen-kidney yang deficiency was treated most frequently with a common dose of aconite.The top three common formulas were Sini decoction,Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction,and Zhenwu decoction.Hei Shun Pian was the most common herbal pieces of aconite.The highest frequency of the maximum dose of aconite was 15 g,that of the minimum dose was 3 g,and that of the common dose was 10 g.There was a certain correlation between decoction time and the dose of aconite.Most TCM physicians advised their patients to take medicine twice a day.Conclusion:In this study,we refined and quantified the use of aconite and enriched the exploration of the clinical application of aconite besides its provisions in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.

Objective To explore the distribution of genetic structure of Y-SNP and Y-STR genetic markers in different ethnic groups and its application in forensic science. Methods SNaPshot minisequencing was used to detect the polymorphisms of 12 Y-SNP loci in 439 males from 6 ethnic groups, including Guangxi Han, Guangxi Jing, Guangxi Miao, Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Zhuang and Guangxi Dong. DNATyperTM Y26 kit was used to multiplex-amplify 26 Y-STR loci. The PCR products were analyzed by 3130xl genetic analyzer. The network analysis of Y-STR haplotype under the same Y-SNP haplogroup was analyzed by Network 5.0 software. Results Six haplogroups defined by 12 Y-SNP loci were detected in 6 ethnic groups, and 362 haplotypes were detected in 26 Y-STR loci. The haplotype diversity was 0.996 6. In the C haplogroup, the samples from Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Zhuang and Guangxi Dong were clustered on different branches; in the O1 haplogroup, those from Guangxi Zhuang, Guangxi Miao and Guangxi Jing were relatively independent and clustered separately; in the O2 haplogroup, some samples from Guangxi Miao and Guangxi Yao were gathered in a cluster. Conclusion Based on the Y-STR network analysis of samples with identical haplogroup of Y-SNP, some ethnic groups can be preliminarily distinguished, which could be used to infer male suspects' ethnic group through detecting their genetic markers left in the crime scene.
China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Ethnicity ; Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats