No abstract available.
Coronary Vasospasm* ; Heart Arrest* ; Verapamil*

Crowns ; Genioplasty ; Gingival Recession ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Prognathism

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to investigate the histomorphometric characteristics of the healing process of microcracks in the cortical bone after the installation of mini-implants (MIs). METHODS: Self-drilling MIs were inserted into the tibial diaphysis of twelve adult male New Zealand rabbits. Four MIs per rabbit were placed randomly. The animals were divided into four groups according to the length of the healing period: group A was sacrificed immediately, group B was sacrificed after one week, group C was sacrificed after two weeks, and group D was sacrificed after four weeks. Cortical bone thickness was measured using micro-computed tomography, and histomorphometric analyses of the cumulative length of the microcracks (CLCr) and the total number of microcracks (NCr) were performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: The microcracks were radially and concentrically aligned in the peri-MI bone. The CLCr decreased significantly one week after the surgery, mainly due to healing of the concentrically aligned microcracks. The CLCr showed another significant decrease from two weeks after the surgery to four weeks after the surgery, mainly reflecting healing of the radially aligned microcracks. A statistically significant decrease in the NCr occurred as the microcracks healed from zero weeks to two weeks. However, no significant difference in the NCr was found between groups C and D. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the primary stability of MIs, delayed loading and a healing period of a certain length are recommended to ensure the optimal healing of microcracks and bone remodeling.
Adult ; Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Diaphyses ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Male ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
Blood Group Incompatibility*

It has been reported that Korean red ginseng (KRG), a valuable and important traditional medicine, has varied effects on the central nervous system, suggesting its activities are complicated. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons of the hypothalamus has a critical role in stress responses and hormone secretions. Although the action mechanisms of KRG on various cells and systems have been reported, the direct membrane effects of KRG on PVN neurons have not been fully described. In this study, the direct membrane effects of KRG on PVN neuronal activity were investigated by using a perforated patch-clamp in ICR mice. In gramicidin perforated patch-clamp mode, KRG extract (KRGE) induced repeatable depolarization followed by hyperpolarization of PVN neurons. The KRGE-induced responses were concentration-dependent and persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a voltage sensitive Na+ channel blocker. The KRGE-induced responses were suppressed by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (10 µM), a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist, but not by picrotoxin, a type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist. The results indicate that KRG activates non-NMDA glutamate receptors of PVN neurons in mice, suggesting that KRG may be a candidate for use in regulation of stress responses by controlling autonomic nervous system and hormone secretion.
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione ; Animals ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Central Nervous System ; Glutamic Acid ; Gramicidin ; Hypothalamus ; Medicine, Traditional ; Membranes ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neurons ; Panax ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Picrotoxin ; Receptors, GABA ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Tetrodotoxin

Recently, we reported that Artemisia annua (AA) has anti-adipogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. Reduction of adipogenesis by AA treatment may dampen systemic inflammation and protect neurons from cytokine-induced damage. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess whether AA increases neuronal maturation by reducing inflammatory responses, such as those mediated by cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Mice were fed normal chow or a high-fat diet with or without chronic daily oral administration of AA extract (0.2 g/10 mL/kg) for 4 weeks; then, changes in their hippocampal dentate gyri were measured via immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence staining for bromodexoxyuridine, doublecortin, and neuronal nuclei, markers of neuronal maturation, and quantitative western blotting for COX-2 and Iba-1, in order to assess correlations between systemic inflammation (interleukin-6) and food type. Additionally, we tested the effect of AA in an Alzheimer's disease model of Caenorhabditis elegans and uncovered a potential benefit. The results show that chronic AA dosing significantly increases neuronal maturation, particularly in the high-fat diet group. This effect was seen in the absence of any changes in COX-2 levels in mice given the same type of food, pointing to the possibility of alternate anti-inflammatory pathways in the stimulation of neurogenesis and neuro-maturation in a background of obesity.
Adipogenesis ; Administration, Oral* ; Alzheimer Disease ; Animals ; Artemisia annua ; Blotting, Western ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Cyclooxygenase 2* ; Dentate Gyrus* ; Diet, High-Fat ; In Vitro Techniques ; Inflammation ; Mice* ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons* ; Obesity* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases*