Objective To establish the quality standard for Kangyuan Granula. Methods Radix Astragali, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Fructus Lycii and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae in this prescription were identified by TLC. The content of the Paeoniflorin was determined by HPLC. The column of AichromBond-AQ-C18 (4.6 mm?150 mm, 5 ?m) was used, the mobile phase was Water-Acetonitrile (85∶15), at the flow of 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature of 30 ℃, and peaks were detected at 230 nm. Results The characteristic of identification by TLC was distinct and highly specific. The linear range of Paeoniflorin was 0.0545～0.545 ?g, r =0.999 5, the average recovery was 97.90%, RSD=1.06% (n =6). Conclusion The method was easy to operate with accurate result and good reproducibility. It can be used effectively for the quality control of this preparation.

Ischemic stroke is one of the major diseases of causing adult disability and death.Age,sex,smoking,hypertension,and diabetes,etc.are the risk factors for ischemic stroke,but they can only partially explain the reasons of stroke onset.Twins,families,and single-gene genetic stroke studies have shown that ischemic stroke has obvious genetic predisposition.In recent years,genomics has made remarkable progress in ischemic stroke study and has shown that many new single nucleotide polymorphisms or genes are associated with ischemic stroke and its risk factors.However,the contribution of these genetic genes for ischemic stroke is still too small and the repetitive studies are needed for further confirmation.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a bacterial endotoxin test method for fluorescein sodium injection.METHODS: Based on the bacterial endotoxin test method stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition(second part),an interference test was conduced on different batches of fluorescein sodium samples using tachypleus amebocyte lysate from different companies.RESULTS: At a concentration of no more than 0.75 mg?mL-1,fluorescein sodium showed no interfere with the bacterial endotoxin test.CONCLUSION: It is feasible for bacterial endotoxin test of fluorescein sodium injection be conducted in a limit value of 0.15 EU?mL-1.

Currently targeted therapy of breast cancer therapy has become the hot research field and a kind of brand-new biological treatment mode after three traditional pattern of the surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy for breast cancer. Molecular targeted therapy is aimed at the target that may cause cancer cells, such as protocarcinogenic genes and tumor-suppressor genes, cell signaling pathways, cytokines and receptors, antiangiogenesis etc. It can reverse malignant biology behavior to inhibit tumor cell growth from the molecular level and has the advantages of high specific effects and low side effects. This paper focuses on the drug of the molecular targeted therapy for breast cancer and the latest progress of targeted therapy.

Advances in immunosuppressive therapy have significantly improved short-term allograft and patient survival.However,chronic allograft failure,antibody mediated rejection,recurrent diseases and immunosuppressive drug associated adverse effects remain serious barriers to long-term survival and quality of life.New immunosuppressive agents and protocols are being evaluated to combat these problems.Importantly,clinicians must work to manage post-transplant complications and avoid complex medication regimens,which will potentiate drug interactions and non.compliance.Different organs have different immunogenicities and each recipient has a unique clinical and immunologic profile.The clinician must recognize these variations and customize the immunosuppressive regimens and treatment protocols based on the individual condition.The general principles of an individualized immunosuppressive protocol should take the following factors into account:organ type,donor and recipient characteristics,quality of the donor organ,recipienVs medical history,recipient's undedying disease,immunologic risk for acute rejection,potential co-morbidity related to immunosuppression,significant druginteractions,medication costs and patient compliance.In addition,the combination of immunosuppressive drugs must have a pharmacologic rationale to achieve the desired goal of suppressing the individual's immune system to render the patient tolerant to the allograft while minimizing co-morbidities.For the past few years,many clinical strategies have been applied in an attempt to improve graft survival or to reduce immunsuppressants induced side-effects.Specific protocols include steroid or CNI avoidance,minimization or withdraw,desensitization,and treatment for antibody mediated rejection,disease specific,and pediatric specific.The short-term outcomes from these different strategies are promising but the long-term results remain to be determined.Unfortunately,current immunosuppressive agents or strategies have failed to adequately control chronic rejection in most of solid organ transplantation except liver transplantation.Eady post-transplant complications aye generally related to the operation,the severity of pre-operative illness,immunologic status,and the quality of the donor organ.Careful recipient and donor selection is paramount to minimize severity of disease and medical comorbidities.These early complications include allograft dysfunction,cardiovascular and hemodynamic instability,and immunosuppressive drug-induced adverse effects.Acute infection remains a common and serious early complication despite new and effective drug therapies,placing the responsibility on the clinician for early recognition and treatment.Emerging resistant bacteria and fungi require early and aggressive intervention.Unlike infection,early aUograft rejection is usually limited and manageable with the newer immunosuppressive agents.However,it must be distinguished from other causes of allograft dysfunction(ie.recurrent hepatitis C,ealcineurin induced nephrotoxicity,or infection).Recently approved Cylex@immune cell function assay allows clinicians to tailor and individualize immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection while minimizing infection and complications.Improved patient and allograft survival has enabled transplant recipients to reach milestones and return to productive lives provided they are compliant. It was also challenged the clinician to manage the long-term complications of immunosuppression therapy, adverse drug interaction, recurrent diseases and chronic allograft failure. Long-term immunosuppressive therapy places transplant recipients at risk for renal insufficiency, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, de novo malignancies, and psychosocial challenges. The management of viral hepatitis C re-infection, chronic allograft nephropathy, vasculopathy, and obliterative bronchiolitis is currently the greatest challenges facing the transplant specialist. The management of immunosuppressants induced adverse effects/drug interactions, chronic allograft failure and recurrent disease is dependent on regular clinical follow-up, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.Our challenge for the future will be to develop strategies to determine the best, cost-effective regimens for an individual patient to prevent long-term graft loss. I believe the management of immunosuppression and posttransplant complications is best met with a multidisciplinary team approach. This presentation will discuss the current immunosuppressive strategies and the common post-transplant complications. It is designed to help the clinician recognize individual risk factors and provide appropriate management.

In monozygotic monochorionic diamnionic twin pregnancy,twin-twin transfusion syndrome is one of the most serious complications and often exhibit twin growth not well proportioned, abnormal amniotic fluid volume and other complications.Twin anemia-polycythemia sequence is a special type of Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, and both have great difference in clinical manifestations, diagnosis and prognosis of neonatal stages.This article compares with the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, treatment methods and prognosis of these two diseases.

Objective To explore the effect of case checking and head nurses′ comment on clinical nurisng rounds. Methods Three hundred hospitalized patients from January to December of 2012 were set as the control group , which received the traditional nursing ward round model. Another three hundred and thirty patients hospitalized from January to December of 2013 were set as the observation group, which received case tracking method integrated with head nurses ward round model. The ward nursing management quality of both groups including the ward management, grading nursing, basic nursing, nursing safety, health and education and the qualified rate of nursing documents were compared between the two groups. Result The quality of nursing management and nursing documents qualification rate of the observation group were obviously higher than those of the control group. Conclusion The case tracking method and the head nurses′comments can improve the quality of clinical nursing rounds , enhance nurses comprehensive quality and increase management level of the head nurses.

In the past decades, genetic lesions, aberrant epigenetic modifications, progenitor colonies formations and cell cycle distribution have been the focus of studies on the pathogenesis of primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The relative results showed that PMF is a clonal proliferative disease of hematopoietic stem cells. Now it is defined that primary myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are chronic myeloprolfferative neoplasmas(CMPN).

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) usually is inoperable because of tumor progress.At present,concurrent chemoradiotherapy has become standard regimen of these patients,which has gotten remarkable effectiveness.This article is a summarization on concurrent chemoradiotherapy for LA-NSCLC.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH)plus Milligan-Morgan methods for circumferential mixed hemorrhoid.Methods A total of 74 cases with circumferential mixed hemorrhoid were treated by PPH plus Milligan-Morgan methods.Results The anal form of all cases were changed correctly.There was no complication such as anal edema,incontinence,anal stenosis,postoperative massive bleeding and infection.Conclusion PPH plus Milligan-Morgan methods is a safe and effective way for circumferential mixed hemorrhoid.This way can decrease postoperative complications and improve the curative effect.