PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a stress management program on Job Stress in culinary staff at a Hotel. METHOD: This was a quasi-experimental study using non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 52 culinary staff members(head culinary, first culinary) working at a S hotel.(25 in the experimental group, 27 in the control group) The experimental group was provided with an individual counseling program for 12 weeks and 30 min/week. The control group was provided with booklets. Data were analyzed with SAS Program using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The stress management program was effective to improve job stressors and especially to relax interpersonal conflict among the sub-factors of job stress based on the results mentioned above. CONCLUSION: This program was effective in reducing job stress. However, further studies are required to measure persistent and long-term effects through the application of the program, which is specifically designed for reduce to job stress, for over 12 weeks.
Counseling ; Pamphlets

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of teachers to the learning objectives (specific behavioral objectives, SBO) of their own specialty subjects at real educational situation and also to examine how and when teachers use the SBO. A questionnaire was constructed through a series of discussion at the task force meetings. Opinions from the members were gathered and a list of 21 items of question was generated and finally rephrased each question item to make 20 closed-type and 1 open-type questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to all the faculties who have been engaged in teaching a subject of basic medical sciences. Although the response rate of the questionnaire was 43%, fairly even distribution of rank proportion of responded faculties were analyzed that could give strong convince of acceptable level of the results. The analysis showed that most of the faculties have fairly high perceptions to the necessity of SBO in teaching situations, while only 25% of thorn administered the SBO to their students. About 33% of the responded faculties construct SBO individually, and 25% have joined to a group work in their own department. A booklet, "Specific Behavioral Objectives in Basic Medical Sciences", has been well known and 85% of them used the booklet as a reference to make their own SBO. 65% of the faculties keep the booklets and the remaining groups answered that they don't have it although some of them have been seen it before.
Advisory Committees ; Humans ; Learning ; Pamphlets ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this research was to develop risk communication (RC) strategy and educational web-site on food additives for elementary students and their parents to improve their perception on food additives and dietary life. First of all, a survey was conducted from 1,200 elementary children and their parents to diagnose the perception and information needs on food additives. The survey revealed that most children and their parents did not have enough knowledge on food additives and demanded the safety information on food additives. Second, previous researches on food communication were analyzed to develop a risk communication model, and it was directly applied in this study. Third, a web site (www.foodnara.go.kr/foodaddy) was developed to upload the education materials along with up-to-date information and classroom activities for teachers on food additives. Fourth, the developed homepage was evaluated by applying to about 100 children and parents each, and majority of them showed high levels of understanding (children 85.7%, parents 79%) and satisfaction (children 77.2%, parents 64%), and the effect of getting over the prejudice against food additives was observed. The RC model developed in this study could be applied to any food risk communication, and the content and materials in this web site including booklets, animations, and quiz could be used effectively to promote the communication on food additives. In the future, it will be necessary to advertise the web site to be utilized by various consumer levels and to update the contents continuously by developing consumer-friendly communication materials.
Child ; Food Additives ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Parents ; Prejudice

In this study, in order to survey the effect on public recognition in malocclusion and orthodontic treatment by brochures made by Korean orthodontic association, sample were divided into control and experimental group and a questionnaire was inguired and the results were as follows: 1. In the experimental group, frequency of recognition for the need of orthodontic treatment was high, and this indicates dental health behavior and recognition can be inspired by adequate giving of information. 2. Between the control and the experimental group, patterns of the negative opinion was different, and especially the demand for specific orthodontic treatment can be influenced by the content of brochures. 3. The brochures used in this study can call attention to develop the orthodontic aspect for the malocclusion, hereafter more systemic and active measures for development of public dental behavior and recognition should be needed.
Health Behavior ; Malocclusion* ; Pamphlets ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.
Breakfast ; Curriculum ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Riboflavin ; Snacks

The purpose of this study was to develop a nutrition education program for dietary salt reduction using various nutrition education materials. The effect of a 5-week nutrition education program on salty taste assessment, nutrition knowledge, salt attitude for a high-salt diet, salt content in food, and individual satisfaction with the salt concentration of meals during the education period was evaluated. Nutrition education materials included two animations, a pamphlet, panels, and a website, as well as other training resources. Subjects participating in this study were 335 employees (164 male, 171 female) at 15 foodservice operations in Daegu. Preference for higher levels of salty taste and food containing higher amounts of salt were lowered. Knowledge regarding the necessity for dietary salt reduction was higher (p < 0.001) than before nutrition education, and salt content in a meal was reduced. As the program progressed, average salt concentrations of soups were significantly lowered (p < 0.05), and there was greater satisfaction with the lower concentration (p < 0.001). This was a positive indication of the program's success. In addition, it was found that subjects who participated in the program several times have changed their preference to lower levels of salty taste and have increased their nutrition knowledge (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). Thus, the positive effect of this 5-week nutrition education program developed for, and applied to, foodservice employees, concerning dietary salt reduction was confirmed.
Diet ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Nutrition Assessment ; Pamphlets ; Sodium

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a program for anger management based on self-efficacy. METHODS: In this study, four types of approaches to enhance anger control were developed; 1) a role play for vicarious experiences; 2) an assertive training for anger expression; 3) a 30-minute long education program & a 20-minute long telephone call coaching for verbal persuasion; and 4) a booklet for anger management and self care behaviors. One group pretest-posttest design was used for evaluating the program. Study subjects were 6 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The group were received a 4-week intervention, 60 ~ 90 minutes a day weekly, and measured the variables at baseline, 4 weeks later. Anger-in, anger-out, and anger-control were measured by STAXI-K. Data was analysed by Wilcoxon using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Anger situation was analysed according to primary anger-thoughts and secondary anger-thoughts based on cognitive theories of anger. RESULTS: The program for anger management consisted of a role play, assertive training, education, telephone call coaching and a booklet. The program revealed significantly less Anger-in (Z = -1.997, p = .046), anger-out (Z = -2.207, p = .027). No difference, however, was found in anger control (Z=-1.826, p=.068). CONCLUSION: This evaluation suggested that more assertive training and longer intervention may be needed to maximize anger control.
Anger ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Self Care ; Telephone

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Complete information on migraine-related disabilities facilitate the making of appropriate treatment decisions. Although the accessibility and ease of use of the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) make it a very promising instrument, there are few data available for comparing HIT-6 scores with the actual amount of disability. METHODS: To determine whether the disability measured using the HIT-6 questionnaire realistically reflects the amount of disability as extracted from a headache diary, which would help when deciding a management plan, 130 patients with migraine without aura were instructed to complete a headache diary on the days on which headache occurred. Each diary booklet also contained questions on the resulting disability, and comprised five items originating from the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale. After submitting their diaries, the participants completed the HIT-6 for the same time period. RESULTS: Disability as recorded in diaries was present for a mean of 2.7 days per month, and its duration differed significantly with HIT-6 score: 0.9, 2.6, and 4.6 days per month for littleto-no impact, moderate impact, and severe impact, respectively. The summed disability score from diaries was also related to the HIT-6 score. Headache frequency was the only headache characteristic that contributed significantly to the HIT-6 score. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that the HIT-6 could be useful for assessing headache-related disability in migraine patients, especially given that the questionnaire is both simple and ease of use.
Headache ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; Migraine without Aura ; Pamphlets ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Cognitive decline in dementia patients causes impairment in daily activities as well as occupational or social activities, which results in frustration and anxiety for the patients themselves. Furthermore, from the caregivers' perspective, patients' cognitive decline and abnormal behaviors cause physical, emotional, financial, and social burdens. Most caregivers who visit a medical center need to be counseled in order to reduce these caregiver burdens and to provide better care for the patients. No fixed rules exist for taking care of dementia patients. Rather, coping strategies most ofter should be individualized according to the severity and type of dementia as well as the socioeconomic situation of the patients and caregivers. Therefore, I herein describe a general guideline on caregiving for dementia patients, which was based on the literature review and personal experiences from counseling in a dementia clinic. This guideline may be of help to medical staff in providing counsel to caregivers as well as in preparing their own brochures for caregivers.
Anxiety ; Caregivers ; Counseling ; Dementia* ; Frustration ; Humans ; Medical Staff ; Pamphlets

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the discharge education program on compliance with the sick role behavior for patients having undergone cerebrovascular surgery. METHOD: Research was done using a posttest only design. The subjects were 60 patients who were admitted to the neurosurgery unit at C.N.U. Hospital in G. City and were divided into the experimental and control groups. The discharge education program were intervened two times in the experimental group by the researcher; the first one was at the time of discharge using a booklet about knowledge related to disease and compliance, and the other one was a telephone education session after a week from discharge. Data were collected two times by interview and telephone using questionnaires from January 19, to June 10, 2000. The first one was at hospital before discharge, and the other one was one month later from discharge. Data were analysed by chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a higher score of compliance(t=2.772, p=.008) than those of the control group, but knowledge about CVD was not significant between the two groups(p>.05). CONCLUSION: The discharge education program was effective on the compliance of the patients having undergone cerebrovascular surgery.
Compliance* ; Education* ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; Pamphlets ; Sick Role ; Telephone