OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of new bone formation in the distraction osteogenesis (DO) for correction of cleft palate (CP) in rhesus.

METHODSCP was created by operation in 23 rhesus. The CP was corrected with DO in 21 animals as experimental group. The distraction rate was 0.8 mm per day, two times a day. The bone fragments were fixed after cleft closure, every 3 animals were sacrificed to get specimen after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 weeks of fixation. 6 days before sacrifice, tetracycline was administrated for labeling (30 mg/kg).

RESULTSThe hard and soft tissue def of fixation. At the same time, the bone volume and calcification between the distraction gap increased. The cleft in the control group could not b ect was successfully closed with DO by intramembrane osteogenesis. The new formed bone was remodeling and became maturation during the period e corrected spontaneously.

CONCLUSIONSThe DO can successfully correct both the soft and hard tissue defect in CP by intramembrane osteogenesis. The fixation is important for remodeling and maturation of the new formed bone.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; Cleft Palate ; pathology ; surgery ; Macaca ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Palate, Hard ; pathology ; Palate, Soft ; pathology

A malignant myoepithelioma is one of the rarest salivary gland neoplasms which may either arise de novo or develop within a preexisting pleomorphic adenoma or benign myoepithelioma. The parotid gland is the most common primary site and the palate the most common intra-oral site of occurrence. Herein is present a case of a malignant myoepithelioma arising in the hard palate of a 79-year-old woman. The lesion had been examined by biopsy at another hospital, and diagnosed as a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The patient underwent a wide local tumor resection. Examination of the resection specimen showed the characteristic histopathological and immunohistochemical features of a malignant myoepithelioma. Five months after the operation, the patient was well without evidence of recurrence or metastasis.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myoepithelioma/*diagnosis/*pathology/surgery ; Palatal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*pathology/surgery ; Palate/*pathology/*surgery

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rare, malignant tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation. Despite it being classified as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization, a few cases were reported in the oral and maxillofacial region. Here, a LGMS developed on the palate of a 73-year-old man who presented with a 1-cm tumor on the posterior border of the palate. Based on the histological and immunohistochemical features, a diagnosis of LGMS was established. The tumor was resected, and no recurrence was observed over 2 years. Although the tongue is the most preferred site for LGMS, it may occur in any region of the oral cavity.
Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Myofibroblasts ; pathology ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Palatal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Palate, Hard ; pathology

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to explore ultrastructural characters of the newly formed bone in the correction of cleft palate (CP) bone defect by distraction osteogenesis (DO).

METHODSThe CP experimental animal models (12 cats) were established surgically, and were divided randomly into the experimental group (10 cats), in which the hard palate bone defects were corrected with DO procedure at the rate of 0.4 mm x 2/day. The specimen retrieval with euthanasia was carried out at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks after completion of distraction. Ultrastructural study was then performed; the experimental control group (2 cats) was kept for 6 weeks before euthanasia without any correction, the other extra 2 cats were used as the negative control.

RESULTSNew bone formation appeared in early 2 weeks. Exclusively intramembranous bone formation was observed in all specimens. The remodeling activities were keep observed throughout the period of study, and the bone structure matured gradually till 12 weeks after the completion of DO. No repair was observed in experimental control group.

CONCLUSIONThe reconstruction of CP bone defect by means of DO could get active intramembranous bone formation and remodeling, which adapted to normal functional activities.

Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Cats ; Cleft Palate ; pathology ; surgery ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Palate, Hard ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to observe the healing process of palate wound with denuded bone restored with transplanted buccal or palatal mucosa and to elucidate the mechanism of maxillary growth inhibition following palate repair.

METHODS32 Japan white rabbits, 5 weeks old, were selected as the subjects for this study. They were divided into 4 groups at random. The rabbits in group I was the control without receiving any treatment. The rabbits in group II, III, IV was surgically denuded the bone of palate, and afterwards, the rabbits in group II were not received further restoration, but rabbits in group III and IV were restored with transplanted buccal and palatal mucosa respectively. From 2 to 14 weeks after surgery, at regular intervals, palatal wounds were observed by using a light microscope. Histological changes were also compared among different groups.

RESULTSIt was found in group II that dense connective tissue was formed 2 weeks after the surgery, and Sharpey's fibers was formed between the scar and bone tissue 4 weeks after the surgery. However, no Sharpey's fiber was found in group III and group IV, and in the latter two groups, the histological character of tissue was similar to that of the control.

CONCLUSIONPrevention of the attachment of Sharpey's fibers to the palatal bone could be effectively accomplished by covering the denuded palatal bone with the transplanted buccal or palatal mucosa.

Animals ; Cleft Palate ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Mouth Mucosa ; transplantation ; Palate, Hard ; pathology ; surgery ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Surgical Flaps ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo provide experimental data of different oral mucosa suitable to repair denudated palate.

METHODSThirty Japanese white rabbits (5 weeks old) were divided into three groups: I group (left hard palate was denudated with right side intact), II group and III group (both sides of the hard palate were denudated with right side repaired by palatal mucosa or buccal mucosa correspondingly). Then the effect of different transplanted mucosa on preventing maxillary deformity was investigated and compared.

RESULTSMaxillary development in the three groups was same and no significant differences among them were discovered.

CONCLUSIONBuccal mucosa is effective in serving as reparative tissue for preventing maxillary deformity.

Animals ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Female ; Maxilla ; abnormalities ; growth & development ; pathology ; Mouth Mucosa ; transplantation ; Palate, Hard ; pathology ; surgery ; Periosteum ; surgery ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo analyse the constitution of 5459 cleft lip and palate cases and to review the development of surgical treatment to them.

METHODSThe data of the 5459 cleft lip and palate cases were collected and classified. The ratio of sex and disease pattern were calculated and analyzed statistically. Also, by means of classification of the disease pattern, the operation methods and the operation time, the change of the surgical methods and the first operation age were analyzed.

RESULTSIn the cleft lip and palate cases, the sex ratio is different. There were obvious differences in the first operative ages in different periods. The main repair methods for cleft lip and palate changed with time.

CONCLUSIONThe male is more than the female in the cleft lip and palate patients. The average first operation age has been decreased and the main repair methods have changed since 1980.

China ; epidemiology ; Cleft Lip ; epidemiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Cleft Palate ; epidemiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVE: To study the comprehensive impact of scar and maxillary expansion combined with protraction on the development of maxilla with cleft lip and palate after repair operation. METHODS: In the original finite element model of the maxilla with cleft palate, a finite element model of the maxilla with cleft lip and palate was established by using Boolean operation in ANSYS. Scar force after cleft lip and palate repair and maxillary expansion force combined with protraction were added simultaneously to process the stress analysis. RESULTS: Maxillary deformation occurred in the three-dimensional direction. The comparison of displacements was as follows: X-axis>Z-axis>Y-axis. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary growth is significantly inhibited in the three-dimensional direction under the comprehensive impact of scar and maxillary expansion combined with protraction after repair operation, especially transverse and sagittal growth.
Cicatrix/pathology* ; Cleft Lip/surgery* ; Cleft Palate/surgery* ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Maxilla/surgery* ; Palatal Expansion Technique

OBJECTIVETo study the ultrastructure and Ca/P element spectrometry of distraction osteogenesis (DO) for reconstruction of cleft palate (CP), so as to explore the osteogenesis and remodeling of new bone in situ.

METHODS23 rhesus macaques were operated to establish animal models of CP. 2 monkeys didn't received DO as controls. The other 21 monkeys in experimental group underwent DO to correct both bony and soft tissue defects in palate. The distraction was performed at a rate of 0.8 mm/d, twice a day until the cleft was closed. After fixation for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 weeks, every 3 animals were sacrificed to get the specimens at the distraction gap. The scanning electron microscopic study and Ca, P elements spectrometric analysis were adopted. There were also two unoperated animals as sham group.

RESULTSAfter fixation for 1-2 weeks, the distraction gap was full of collagen fibers oriented along vector of distraction. Few trabeculae was seen at the margin area. After fixation for 4-6 weeks, active osteogenesis was presented with new formed bone trabeculae and abundant cellular component. After fixation for 8-12 weeks, the new formed bone became mature and couldn't distinguish from the normal bone. 24 weeks later, the bone between the distraction gap had a similar structure to the normal bone. Elements spectrometric analysis results indicated that in early stage of osteogenesis, the P and S peaks were relatively high while the Ca peak was much lower. During the late stage, the S peak was obviously decreased, and Ca/P ratio increased to normal level as in the empty control group.

CONCLUSIONSThe CP can be corrected by DO. The new bone between the distraction gap is formed and remodeled through intramembraneous osteogenesis.

Animals ; Cleft Palate ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Palate ; surgery ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVETo confirm if denuded bone on lateral aspects of the hard palate of surgical repairs of the cleft palate is the main reason of causing disturbance of facial growth and to investigate the mechanism.

METHODS48 SD rats were employed in the study. Among them 40 animals were divided into normal control and experimental group randomly. Normal control was not operated. Hard palate mucoperiosteum on the left side in experimental group were excised. Left hard palate mucoperiosteum in another 8 female three-week-old SD rats were excised with same method and were sacrificed at 2nd, 5th, 8th, and 12th day, respectively. The 8 rats were used for histological research.

RESULTSThe width of all left sides hard palates in experimental group was significantly narrower than right side, and demonstrated statistical difference. Chronic osteomyelitis on the denuded hard palate was observed.

CONCLUSIONThe denuded bone wound might be a principal factor for the following maxillary growth deformity in cleft palate patients who received palatoplasty in childhood. The mechanism of causing the deformity might be wound and scar contraction, decreased blood flow and nutrition plus chronic osteomyelitis.

Animals ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Female ; Maxilla ; growth & development ; pathology ; Maxillofacial Development ; Mouth Mucosa ; surgery ; Osteomyelitis ; complications ; Palate, Hard ; pathology ; surgery ; Periosteum ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wound Healing