No abstract available.
Breast* ; Paint* ; Paintings*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Paint* ; Paintings*

No abstract available.
Bipolar Disorder* ; Paint* ; Paintings*

No abstract available.
Bipolar Disorder* ; Paint* ; Paintings*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess the concentration of xylene exposure and exposure variability of a similar exposure group(SEG) in accordance with job title and confined space. METHOD: The study subjects included 28 workers working in the painting process in the ship-building industry. Measurement of subjects were repeated three times. Within and between-worker exposure variance components were estimated from log-transformed exposure concentrations employing a one-way nested random effects analysis of variance model. A uniformly exposed group was defined as one where the between-worker variance(sigmaB2) was less than or equal to 0.031 or bwR95 or=0.031) and the ratios of the 97.5th and 2.5th percentile workers of the log normally distributed exposures of each group of workers was more than 2. However dividing job title into confined space(in-block, out-block, in/out-block) decreased the between-worker exposure variability. CONCLUSION: This study focused on the quantitative aspects of exposure in painters in the ship-building industry. We cannot accept the assumption that SEG are uniformly exposed, as a major component of variation in exposure relates to differences in tasks or other factors. Therefore, the observational schemes can be improved by investigating jobspecific task and practice.
Confined Spaces ; Paint ; Paintings ; Xylenes*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to estimate the characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and the effect of intervention program in shipyard workers. METHODS: Information on work related absences,due to musculoskeletal disorders, were collected between January, 1 2000 and August, 31 2002. Age, duration of work, job type, anatomical site of disease, cause and duration of absence due to sickness were investigated. RESULTS: From a total of 158 cases there were 108(68.4%)and 50(31.6%)cases of back, and other musculoskeletal complaints,respectively. 55(34.8%)of the cases were caused by repetitive trauma and 103(65.2%)were due to non-repetitive causes. 90(83.3%)of the back complaint cases were due to non-repetitive causes, but there was a repetitive cause of other musculoskeletal complaints in 37(74.0%)cases. Back complaints were higher in workers carrying heavy materials, but other musculoskeletal complaints were higher in painting workers.Half of workers after an absence due to sickness had returned to work within 32.0 weeks and 25.4 weeks,in the cases of back and other musculoskeletal complaints, respectively. After the application of an intervention program for musculoskeletal disease, the incidence rate of absence due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders was reduced significantly. CONCLUSION: The introduction of a musculoskeletal intervention program reduced absences due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Incidence ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Paint ; Paintings

The aim of this study is to consider breast imagery in art as depicted through western painting. Twenty western art paintings were collated. Most of the sample paintings were created from the mid-nineteenth century to the late twentieth century and some are from the Renaissance period. Ten anthropometric items were used to measure 15 distances between two landmarks and 3 angles between three points. The distance from the nipple to the sternal notch and to the midclavicular point was the same and they were 0.46 of the distance from the sternal notch to the umbilicus. The shape of the projection of the breast was almost an isosceles triangle and the altitude of the triangle was at a proportion of 0.45 of the bottom length and 0.16 of the distance from the sternal notch to the umbilicus. The distance between the lateral ends of the breasts was 2.14 times the facial width and the distance between nipples was 1.36 times the facial width. Proportions from works of art are more ideal and attractive than clinically measured proportions. The desirable ratios measured from historical paintings might be useful in planning breast surgeries.
Altitude ; Breast* ; Nipples ; Paint* ; Paintings* ; Umbilicus

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyze effect size of the intervention studies for posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer. METHODS: A total of 871 studies published between 2000 and 2014 were identified by searching Ovid-Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, PsycARTICLES, Cochrane library, RISS, and KISS. 15 studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Ver. 3 program and the effect sizes were shown using Hedges's g score. RESULTS: Intervention studies included 5 studies on Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM), 4 studies for Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), 2 studies for couple-based intervention, and 1 study each for health coaching, building resilience, yoga and painting intervention. The overall controlled effect size was 0.335 (95% CI=0.231, 0.438), using a fixed effects model. The most effective intervention was the couple-based intervention (0.368, 95% CI=-0.146, 0.883), followed by MBSR (0.340, 95% CI=0.172, 0.508) and CBSM (0.314, 95% CI=0.139, 0.490). CONCLUSION: Cancer is one of the most significant traumatic events that affect patients' lives, a few cancer patients have been known to have posttraumatic growth. Therefore it is necessary to consider nursing interventions to increase posttraumatic growth for cancer patients such as couple-based intervention, MBSR and CBSM.
Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Nursing ; Paint ; Paintings ; Yoga

The aim of this study is to measure and to analyze the Buddha's face of Korea dynasty and Joseon dynasty in buddhist paintings. We also attempted to compare the Buddha's face with the face of the beauty of Joseon dynasty. Six paintings of the Korea dynasty and ten paintings of the Joseon dynasty were analyzed. Twenty anthropometric items on each paintings were measured and 17 proportional indices were calculated. There was no significant differences between the proportions of the Buddha's face of the Korea and Joseon dynasty except the thickness of the vermilion where the Korea dynasty were thicker than Joseon dynasty. Proportions of the Buddha's face was very similar to that of Beauty of Jeseon dynasty except three points. The differences are as follow. First, Buddha's ears are longer than the beauty's. Second, Buddha's eye inclination was higher than the beauty's. Third, Buddha's vermilion was thicker than the beauty's. The similarity of the proportions of the face of Buddha and the beauty strongly suggest that in the Korea dynasty and Joseon dynasty, the ideal face were regarded as Buddha's face.
Beauty ; Ear ; Korea* ; Paint* ; Paintings* ; Photogrammetry

Foreign bodies in genitourinary tract are not infrequent and the reported cages are almost those within the bladder. Fortunately, the purposes and types of instrumentation are more simple especially in our country than in others. We present two cages, one was a stell pipe inserted on the penile shaft and the other was painting brush inserted within the urethra, and intend to review them reported in literatures.
Foreign Bodies* ; Male ; Paint ; Paintings ; Penis* ; Urethra* ; Urinary Bladder