The objective of this study was to develop a method for the determination of taxol injection using near infrared transmission spectroscopy, turning out redetermination for injection from hospital pharmacy before using. Near infrared spectra (NIR) in the range of 12 000 approximation 4 000cm(-1) were recorded for the taxol injection manufactured during recent 24 months with different time. Calibration models were established using the partial least squares (PLS). Comparing different spectra pretreatments methods, dimension and spectra range, The study showed that spectra information cab be extracted thoroughly by delete a line method with dimension 6, spectra range 9002.5 approximately 4597.7cm(-1) ,standard error of the calibration sets(SEC) 0.035 and standard error of the prediction sets(SEP) 0. 059. Percent of prediction sets sample is less than +/- 2%. Results indicate that near infrared transmission spectroscopy method can be used to rapidly analyze the frequent and important drugs from hospital pharmacy.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Calibration ; Injections ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

OBJECTIVETo inspect the effect of activated carbon with different dosage and temperature on quality of paclitaxel injection.

METHODDeterminations in WS1-(X-026)-2001Z-paclitaxel injection were refered to compare the effect of different dosage and temperature for activated carbon on the taxol content, related material, clarity and bacterial endotoxin.

RESULTWhen used with 0.25% and 35 degrees C, activated carbon will ensure the quality of paclitaxel injection.

CONCLUSION0.25% and 35 degrees C are the best condition when activated carbon is used in paclitaxel injection.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; Charcoal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Injections ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Quality Control ; Temperature

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of non-coding small RNA molecules that play a critical role in regulation of protein coding genes in cells. MiRNAs have been extensively studied as novel biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and new drugs in various human diseases. Breast cancer is a one of the leading tumor types significantly affecting women health worldwide. Over the past decade, a number of natural agents, such as paclitaxel and curcumin, have been applied for treatment and prevention of breast cancer due to their relatively low toxicity. However, the mechanisms of action have not been completely understood. Investigation on miRNAs is able to potentially provide a novel insight into better understanding the anticancer activities of these natural products. Given that a single miRNA can target multiple genes, theoretically, those genes involved in a certain phenotype can be clustered with one or a few miRNAs. Therefore, pleiotropic activities of natural agents should be interpreted by interactions between selected miRNAs and their targets. In this review, we summarize the latest publications related to the alterations of miRNAs by two natural agents (paclitaxel and curcumin) that are currently used in intervention of breast cancer, and conclude that the mechanism involving the regulation of miRNA expression is one of the keys to understand pleiotropic activities of natural agents.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Biological Products ; administration & dosage ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Curcumin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo prepare carbon nanoparticle-paclitaxel suspension(CNPS) and to study the pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with CNPS.

METHODSSaturated absorption capacity of carbon nanoparticle suspension (CNS) and paclitaxel were detected by high performance liquid chromatography in order to prepare the above suspension. Wistar rats were randomly divided into the experimental group (A) and the control group (B), to which intraperitoneal injections of CNPS and paclitaxel were given respectively. At different time points, measure the blood samples, mesenteric lymph nodes, and intraperitoneal lavage fluid were collected to measure the concentration of paclitaxel.

RESULTSOne ml CNS could absorb 7 mg paclitaxel by maximum. The ratio of area under the curve (AUC) in the plasma of group A to group B was 0.63. The ratio of AUC in lymph nodes of group A to group B was 0.75 and that in intraperitoneal lavage fluid was 1.25. The metabolic half-life (t1/2) of paclitaxel in the plasma of group A was 1.61 times as long as that of group B. The t1/2 of paclitaxel in intraperitoneal lavage fluid of group A was 0.88 as long as that of Group B. The t1/2 of paclitaxel in lymph nodes of group A was 1.10 as long as that of Group B.

CONCLUSIONSCNS has a high absorption capacity with paclitaxel. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy by CNPS is characterized by low drug concentration in the blood, high drug concentration in the peritoneal cavity and high safety. However, the targeting and lymphatic retention effect are not significant. The mechanism warrants further investigation.

Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel ; Albumins ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lymph Nodes ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Paclitaxel ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the inherent tumor-homing ability with the attraction of multiple chemokines released by tumor tissues or tumor microenvironments, which can be utilized as promising cellular carriers for targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs and genes. In most circumstances, large amount of systemicly administrated MSCs will be firstly trapped by lungs, following with re-distribution and homing to tumor tissues after lung clearance. Several approaches like enhanced interactions between chemokines and receptors on MSCs or reducing the retention of MSCs by changes of administration methods are firstly reviewed for improving the homing of MSCs towards tumor tissues. Additionally, the potentials and gains of utilizing MSCs to carry several chemotherapeutics, such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel and gemcitabine are summarized, showing the advantages of overcoming the short half-life and poor tumor targeting of these chemotherapeutics. Moreover, the applications of MSCs to protect and deliver therapeutic genes to tumor sites for selectively tumor cells eliminating or promoting immune system are highlighted. In addition, the potentials of using MSCs for tumor-targeting delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents are addressed. We believed that the continuous improvement and optimization of this stem cells-based cellular delivery system will provide a novel delivery strategy and option for tumor treatment.
Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Research ; trends

Drug-coated stent play an important role in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), and it constitutes an innovation to further reduce the incidence of restenosis. In this paper, the mechanisms and the process of endovascular stent implantation,and the principles of drug release of drug-coated stent are reviewed. Especially, polymer coated design and the further development of drug eluting stents are discussed.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; instrumentation ; Coronary Restenosis ; prevention & control ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Heparin ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Sirolimus ; administration & dosage

Paclitaxel-loaded methoxy poly (ethylene glycol )-b-poly (L-lactic acid) diblock copolymer nanoparticles (PMT) were prepared by a self-emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The PMT morphology, size and its distribution, and drug release in vitro were investigated by DLS, UV, TEM and HPLC. The results indicate that PMT show a spherical morphology with inner core and outer shell. The diameter (nm) of PMT increases with the increase of the drug-loaded amount. The initial burst release is not observed, the drug releasing rate in vitro is lower, and the accumulated release increases with the increase of replacement amout of the pH7. 4 medium. This study develops a new formulation for paclitaxel and provides an experimental basis for the intravenous administration of paclitaxel.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Nanoparticles ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Polyesters ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Polymers ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: Rikkunshito, an herbal medicine, is widely prescribed in Japan for the treatment of anorexia and functional dyspepsia, and has been reported to recover reductions in food intake caused by cisplatin. We investigated whether rikkunshito could improve chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and anorexia in patients treated with cisplatin. METHODS: Patients with uterine cervical or corpus cancer who were to receive cisplatin (50 mg/m² day 1) and paclitaxel (135 mg/m² day 0) as first-line chemotherapy were randomly assigned to the rikkunshito group receiving oral administration on days 0–13 with standard antiemetics, or the control group receiving antiemetics only. The primary endpoint was the rate of complete control (CC: no emesis, no rescue medication, and no significant nausea) in the overall phase (0–120 hours). Two-tailed p<0.20 was considered significant in the planned analysis. RESULTS: The CC rate in the overall phase was significantly higher in the rikkunshito group than in the control group (57.9% vs. 35.3%, p=0.175), as were the secondary endpoints: the CC rate in the delayed phase (24–120 hours), and the complete response (CR) rates (no emesis and no rescue medication) in the overall and delayed phases (63.2% vs. 35.3%, p=0.095; 84.2% vs. 52.9%, p=0.042; 84.2% vs. 52.9%, p=0.042, respectively), and time to treatment failure (p=0.059). Appetite assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) appeared to be superior in the rikkunshito group from day 2 through day 6. CONCLUSION: Rikkunshito provided additive effect for the prevention of CINV and anorexia.
Administration, Oral ; Anorexia* ; Antiemetics ; Appetite ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspepsia ; Eating ; Herbal Medicine* ; Humans ; Japan ; Nausea* ; Paclitaxel* ; Time-to-Treatment ; Vomiting*

PURPOSE: Many reports have shown that the efficacy of intravesical therapy for bladder cancer is, in part, limited by the poor penetration of drugs into the urothelium. The present study evaluated the effect of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) on the delivery and penetration of paclitaxel into the bladder of rabbits, when given as an intravesical dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The urine, plasma, and tissue pharmacokinetics were determined in rabbits treated for 120min with paclitaxel (500g/20ml) by an intravesical instillation. Two formulation of GMO/paclitaxel were evaluated, according to the proportion of water, 15% and 30%, with Taxol was used as a control. The animals were observed for clinical signs of toxicity, and necropsy performed. RESULTS: At 120min post-instillation, the bladders were emptied and excised. The urine paclitaxel concentrations were decreased by 39.6 and 41.2% in the two experimental groups, and by 25.2% in the control group. The paclitaxel concentrations in the urothelium were 53 and 56% of the urine concentration in the two experimental groups, respectively, but by only 11% in the control group. The concentration then declined exponentially in the underlying capillary perfused tissues, reaching equilibrium at a depth of 1,400-1,700um. The plasma concentrations were extremely low compared with those in the urine and bladder tissues, and were not associated with clinical toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that GMO improves the delivery of paclitaxel and increases the concentration in the bladder tissue. These results suggest that the intravesical delivery of GMO/paclitaxel/water provide a significant bladder tissue targeting advantage, and that paclitaxel represents a viable candidate drug for intravesical bladder cancer therapy.
Administration, Intravesical* ; Animals ; Capillaries ; Drug Delivery Systems* ; Paclitaxel* ; Pharmacokinetics ; Plasma ; Rabbits* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urothelium ; Water

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of different preparation methods on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) of paclitaxel-loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (PTX-PBCA-NPs) and optimize the preparation of PTX-PBCA-NPs.

METHODSWith DL and EE as the major indexes, the qualities of PTX-PBCA-NPs produced by the interfacial polymerization and emulsion polymerization method were compared. The optimized prescription was obtained by orthogonal design.

RESULTSThe ranges of EE of PTX-PBCA-NPs with the two methods were both 94.39%-99.23%. The highest DL with interfacial polymerization was (1.07-/+0.03)%, as compared to (0.86-/+0.01)% with emulsion polymerization. The optimized preparation conditions resulted in the mean size of PTX-PBCA-NPs of 235.6 nm, DL of 0.80%, and EE of 95.71%.

CONCLUSIONThe EE of PTX-PBCA-NPs prepared by the above two methods is consistent with the requirement of the Pharmacopoeia of China, and PTX-PBCA-NPs containing higher DL can be obtained via interfacial polymerization.

Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemical synthesis ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Enbucrilate ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Polymerization